Pharmacology, Toxicology and Environmental Health Commons^™

Raman Spectroscopy Of Blood Plasma Samples From Breast Cancer Patients At Different Stages., H. F. Nargis, H. Nawaz, A. Ditta, T. Mahmood, N. Rashid, M. Muddassar, M. I. Majeed, H. N. Bhatti, M. Saleem, K. Jilani, Franck Bonnier, Hugh Byrne

Articles

Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy.

Differing Functions Of Atr Kinase In Human Epidermal Keratinocytes Exposed To Ultraviolet B Radiation, Kavya Shaj

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

Ataxia-telangiectasia and Rad-3 related (ATR) is a DNA damage response protein kinase that is upregulated in various cancer cell types and has key roles in cell cycle progression, DNA repair and apoptosis. Small molecule ATR kinase inhibitors are of importance as antineoplastic agents because they sensitize cancer cells to DNA damaging chemotherapy drugs. However, only a few studies have looked at the effects of ATR kinase inhibitors on non-replicating cells, which constitute the majority of cells in the human body and have suggested an opposite, pro-apoptotic role for ATR kinase signaling in non-replicating cells in comparison to a pro-survival function …

Effect Of Endothelial Progenitor Cell-Derived Exosomes On High Glucose And Hypoxia/ Reoxygenation-Induced Injury Of Astrocytes, Manasi Suchit Halurkar

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

In this study, we tested the protective effects of EPC-EXs (endothelial progenitor cell derived exosomes) and miR-126 EPC-EXs (microRNA-126 EPC-EXs) on the astrocytes injured by HG (high glucose) plus H/R (hypoxia/reoxygenation) model. At first, we determined the concentration and time dependent uptake of EPC-EXs by astrocytes. It was also found that the EPC-EXs were uptaken via macropinocytosis, caveolin-dependent and clathrin-mediated pathways in astrocytes. Furthermore, the astrocyte cell line was injured through the HG + H/R model. EXs, isolated by ultracentrifugation from the EPC culture supernatant were co-incubated with the injured cells. It was found that EPC-EXs and miR-126 EPC-EXs decrease …

Effects Of A Heroin Conjugate Vaccine On The Antinociceptive And Abuse-Related Effects Of Heroin In Rats And Monkeys, Kathryn L. Schwienteck

Theses and Dissertations

The increase in heroin use is one factor contributing to the current opioid epidemic in the United States. There are three Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved medications for the treatment of opioid use disorder (OUD), and these include agonist (i.e. methadone and buprenorphine) and antagonist (i.e. naltrexone) therapies. Although these medications are effective for some patients, regulatory constraints for agonist therapies limit access and patient compliance for naltrexone is poor. The development of new therapies, such as immunopharmacotherapies, for the treatment of OUD is a priority for the National Institute of Drug Abuse. A heroin immunopharmacotherapy, or vaccine, produces …

Multigenerational Genomic And Epigenetic Effects Of Manufactured Silver Nanomaterials In Caenorhabditis Elegans, Anye Wamucho

Theses and Dissertations--Toxicology and Cancer Biology

There has been an increase in the incorporation of silver nanomaterials into consumer products due to their antimicrobial properties. Therefore there is potential for silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) to leach out into the environment during different life-cycle stages of these nanomaterial-containing products. Concern about the toxicity of Ag-NPs has led to investigations into their toxic effects on a variety of organisms mainly using acute and sub-chronic, single-generation exposures. The focus of this project was to understand the effects of long-term continuous multigenerational exposure to AgNO₃ and Ag-NPs in both pristine and environmentally transformed forms, on the model organism, Caenorhabditis elegans …

Potential Impact Of Northern Resource Development On Aquatic Biota: Toxicity Of Chromium And Rare Earth Element Processing Reagent, So Yeon Choi

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Chromite and rare earth element development was identified in the 2015 Canadian Federal budget as a significant opportunity, however, key data gaps exist regarding the environmental concerns related to these resource developments. Chromium is essential in the production of stainless steel, and no suitable substitute is known. Rare earth elements (REEs) are a series of metals that are composed of 15 lanthanides, as well as scandium and yttrium. Uses for REEs range from electronic devices (i.e. cell phones, computers, televisions) to magnets and controlling nuclear reactors. While commercial production of REEs signify a great economic opportunity for Canada, key data …

A California Without Rodenticides: Challenges For Commensal Rodent Management In The Future, Niamh Quinn, Sylvia Kenmuir, Laura Krueger

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Rodenticides are an essential tool in the integrated pest management of infestations of commensal rodents (Rattus norvegicus, R. rattus, and Mus musculus). With the introduction of Assembly Bill 1788, the California Ecosystems Protection Act of 2019, California is potentially facing a future with new restrictions on the use of anticoagulant rodenticides to manage commensal rodents in urban areas. Assembly Bill 1788 has been proposed specifically to protect predators from anticoagulant rodenticide poisoning and seeks to restrict the application of second-generation anticoagulant rodenticides (SGARs) for use in many urban and non-urban areas of California, USA. Exclusion and cultural …

Investigating The Prevalence Of An Insecticide Resistance Gene In Culex Mosquito Populations Of Central Illinois, Kylee R. Noel

Masters Theses

The globalization of society has led to the spread of the vectors, mosquitoes, and diseases. Each year millions of people are killed by diseases vectored by mosquitoes. For example, West Nile Virus alone killed over 2,000 people in North America in 2017; 8 of those deaths being in Illinois. Two prominent vectors of West Nile Virus are Culex pipiens and Culex restuans; which are difficult to differentiate based upon morphological features. In this study, mosquitoes collected from two Illinois counties, Coles County and Champaign County, were first identified based upon morphology and this identification was then compared to probe-based …

Suction Dredge Mining Impacts On Pacific Lamprey Populations And Habitat In Washington State: A Case Study Of The Entiat River, Jaime Liljegren

All Master's Theses

Suction dredge mining is a largely unregulated recreational activity in Washington State with potentially significant impacts to aquatic habitat. Although dredging has the potential to cause widespread ecological effects, only impacts to select species have been thoroughly assessed. Due to their reliance on freshwater habitat throughout multiple life stages, Pacific lamprey are significantly vulnerable to impacts from dredging practices. This thesis focuses on assessing the effects of dredging to lamprey habitat within state-owned aquatic lands of Washington. Pacific lamprey are anadromous, utilizing freshwater habitat throughout key life stages including spawning in substrate ranging from coarse gravel to fine sand, and …

Diuretic And Natriuretic Activity Of Faah Inhibition In The Renal Medulla: A Proposed Role Of Palmitoylethanolamide And Its Regulation By Renal Medullary Interstitial Cells, Sara Dempsey

Theses and Dissertations

Hypertension is a critical public health issue worldwide, and in the United States, it is the leading cause of heart disease, stroke, and kidney failure, contributing to more than 1,100 deaths per day. It is proposed that the renal medulla combats increased blood pressure by releasing a neutral lipid from the lipid droplets of medullary interstitial cells, termed medullipin, which induces diuresis- natriuresis and vasodepression. The renal medulla is enriched with fatty acid lipid ethanolamides including the endocannabinoid anandamide (AEA), palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), and oleoylethanolamide (OEA), along with their primary hydrolyzing enzyme fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH). Our lab is investigating …

Validation Of A Low-Cost Sensor For Development Of Wearable And Handheld Spectrometers, Justin Leslie Cathey

Graduate Research Theses & Dissertations

This study examined the possibility of creating a quantitative radiometric spectrometer from a low-cost relative radiometric spectrometer sensor through the use of statistical analysis and development of a correction factor (p > 0.05). Radiometric spectrometers are able to measure and fully characterize the radiometric and photometric characteristics of light, while relative spectrometers are not able to fully, quantitatively characterize the radiometric response from a light source, thus they are less expensive. The spectrometer created in this research is able to measure and produce comparative lighting parameters as well as an actual radiometer spectrometer.

The photoreceptors cells within the human eye allow …

Detection Of Beta-Lactamase Variants In Municipal Wastewater And Fresh Water, Sunil Pandey

Masters Theses

The occurrence and spread of antibiotic-resistant genes (ARGs) are pressing public health problems worldwide. A key factor contributing to the spread of ARGs is lateral gene transfer. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are measured hot spots of microbial diversity and resistance because they receive polluted wastewater from diverse sources and contain a variety of different environments with dense bacterial loads. Due to the overuse of antibiotics the genetic capacities of microbes have profited. This helps every source of resistance gene and every means of horizontal gene transmission to develop the multiple mechanism of resistance to each antibiotic used clinically, agriculturally, or …

Mitragynine Reduced Morphine-Induced Conditioned Place Preference And Withdrawal In Rodents, Rittinarong Meepong, Thongchai Sooksawate

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Introduction: Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa Korth) has been long used in folklore medicine in Southeast Asian countries for its analgesic effects and the treatment of opioid withdrawal. Mitragynine is a major alkaloid found in the leaves of kratom plant th.

Halogenated Flame Retardants And Organophosphate Esters In The Air Of Electronic Waste Recycling Facilities: Evidence Of High Concentrations And Multiple Exposures, Sabrina Gravel, Jérôme Lavoué, Bouchra Bakhiyi, Miriam L. Diamond, Liisa M. Jantunen, Jacques Lavoie, Brigitte Roberge, Marc-André Verner, Joseph Zayed, France Labrèche

Études primaires

Background

In response to a worldwide increase in production of electronic waste, the e-recycling industry is rapidly rowing. E-recycling workers are exposed to many potentially toxic contaminants, among which flame retardants (FRs), mainly suspected of being endocrine disruptors, are thought to be the most prevalent.

Objective

To conduct an exposure assessment of four chemical groups of FRs in Canadian e-recycling facilities, and to identify the main cofactors of exposure.

Methods

Personal air samples were collected over a workday for 85 workers in six e-recycling facilities, grouped into three facility sizes, and for 15 workers in control commercial waste facilities. Total …

Can A Precast Pit Latrine Concrete Floor Withstand Emptying Operations? An Investigation From Malawi., Joshua Mchenga, Rochelle H. Holm

Faculty and Staff Scholarship

For fecal sludge from households in low- and middle-income countries to be treated offsite it needs to be removed, which can be greatly affected by the pit latrine floor design. However, it is unclear whether precast pit latrine concrete floors (latrine slabs) can withstand emptiers and their equipment. To investigate this issue, 28 prefabricated latrine slabs were purchased in two cities of Malawi. They were first visually evaluated, and then their compression strength was tested. Additionally, each seller was asked a series of questions to better understand their business, training, and construction practices. Results showed that households should perform due …

Allium Cepa Extract Attenuates Ccl4-Induced Oxidative Stress In Rat Brain, Israel Oghenevwodokohwo Okoro, Helen Ejiro Kadiri, Augusta Inegbedion

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Introduction: Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) has been used extensively to evaluate the probable mechanisms of toxicity in experimental animals. The CCl4 induced oxidative stress in rat brain has been established. This study aim to investigate the neuro-prot.

Potentiating Role Of Palm Oil And Its Extracts In Cadmium Induced Alteration Of Amino Transferase, Patrick Chukwuyenum Ichipi-Ifukor

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Aims: This study examined the effects of palm oil and palm oil extracts pre-treatment on the activities of serum and tissue amino transferases in acute cadmium induced toxicity. Methodology: Six experimental groups was used and group A served as the con..

Three Functional Foods From Garcinia Mangostana L. Using Low-Alpha-Mangostin Aqueous Extract Of The Pericarp: Product Development, Bioactive Compound Extractions And Analyses, And Sensory Evaluation, Pattamapan Lomarat, Primchanien Moongkarndi, Jutaphen Jaengprajak, Jutima Samer, Vimol Srisukh

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Background: As a result of the expansion of aging society worldwide, the trend in consuming healthy foods as well as functional foods for maintaining good health and preventing chronic diseases is increasing. Currently, functional foods are commercially .

The Activity Of Red Ginger Oil In Antioxidant Study In Vitro And Antihyperalgesia Effect In Alloxan-Induced Painful Diabetic Neuropathy In Mice, Fifteen Aprila Fajrin

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Background: Red ginger oil (RGO) was reported had the highest bio-constituent, especially its essensial oil which was important for antioxidant, than the other varieties. Chronic diabetic triggered the increasing of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which re.

Antiformation And Antimutagenic Activities Of Extracts From Pericarp And Seed Of Zanthoxylum Limonella (Dennst.) Alston, Patamawan Wipoosanapan, Keaw Kangsadalampai, Linna Tongyonk

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Zanthoxylum limonella aston (Z. limonella) is a popular spice in northern Thailand. It is used as a flavoring agent for certain foods. There have been studies about the biological activity of this spice including, antioxidant antimicrobial and anticancer.

Risk Assessment For Ingestion Of Off-Season Longan Stimulated By Potassium Chlorate, Theerayut Baubhom, Kannikar Chatsantiprapa

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Off-season longans in Thailand were stimulated by potassium chlorate (KClO3). KClO3 is hazardous chemical and prohibited in food since it might cause harm to human health. This research aimed to observe for chemical effects on longan trees, and analyze t.

In Silico Analysis Of Phytochemical Compound Found In Snake Fruit (Salacca Zalacca) Peel As Anti-Aging Agent, Ermi Girsang, Chrismis Novalinda Ginting, I Nyoman Ehrich Lister, Wahyu Widowati, Satrio Haryo Benowo Wibowo, Fajar Sukma Perdana, Rizal Rizal

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Skin aging is a complicated natural phenomenon characterized by progressive loss of structural integrity and physiological function of the skin. Snake fruit (Salacca zalacca) is an important fruit crop native from Indonesia. Its waste is a potential sour.

Various Nmdar Antagonists Decrease Interferon-Alpha Induced Depression Behavior In Mice Model Of Despair, Azadeh Mesripour, Ahmad Purhasani, Valiollah Hajhashemi

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Introduction: Treatment with interferon-alpha (IFNa) can induce depression that is likely the result of its effect on the tryptophan–kynurenine pathway. Kynurenine passes through the blood-brain barrier and breaks to neurotoxic metabolites, such as qui...

Hepatoprotective And Choleretic Activity Of Tanacetum Vulgare Flowers Extract, Oksana Ya. Mishchenko, Kateryna O. Kalko, Marharyta Yu. Zolotaikina, Tatyana M. Gontova, Victoria V. Mashtaler, Catherine Yu. Yurchenko, Lyudmyla V. Derymedvid, Anastasia Yu. Pozdniakova

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Objectives: The article presents the study of hepatoprotective and choleretic properties of Tanacetum vulgare flores dry extract (TVFDE) in vivo. Materials and Methods: The research was carried out using model of subchronic toxi? hepatitis in rats, caus..

Characterization And Potention Phytoestrogen Of Pigeon Pea (Cajanus Cajan L. Mill Sp.) On Rat Ovary, Cicilia Primiani, Pujiati Pujiati, Sutiman Sumitro

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Objectives: The objective of this study to analyze the estrogenic compounds in pigeon pea seeds and the effect of the plant seeds on the development of rat ovaries. Materials and method: Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (MS) and gas chromatography.

Screening Of Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory Activity In Essential Oil From Myrtaceae, Vipaporn Sareedenchai

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Objective: This research was to investigate acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of the essential oil from Myrtaceae and its components. Methods: The essential oils were extracted from fresh leave of Myrtaceae plants: Eucalyptus globulus Labill (Euca.

Physicochemical Characters And Fatty Acid Composition Of Payena Lucida Seed Oils, Penpun Wetwitayaklung

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Introduction: Payena lucida A.DC. seed oil has long been used as edible oil and treating various kinds of diseases as oral and topical applications in some local areas of Myanmar. Objectives: This research aimed to identify and qualify the physicochemi...

Microwave-Assisted Synthesis, In Silico Studies And In Vivo Evaluation For Antidiabetic Activity Of New Brominated Pyrazoline Analogues, Neni Frimayanti, Jasril Jasril, Ihsan Ikhtiarudin, Syilfia Hasti, Anisa Indah Reza

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Introduction: Pyrazolines have played crucial role in the drug discovery researches and have been used widely as an important pharmacophores or intermediet for synthesis of bioactive compounds. Objective: The aim of this work is to explore the potentia...

Association Between The Appropriate Antimicrobial Therapy And Clinical Outcomes In Patients With Sepsis, Ploylarp Lertvipapath, Chankit Puttilerpong, Peerawong Werarak, Tipa Chakorn, Nasikarn Angkasekwinai, Napakadol Noppakusomboon, Apichaya Monsomboon

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Sepsis is leading cause of death in hospitals, but appropriate antimicrobial therapy canreduce the mortality rate and improve the clinical outcome. This prospective studyanalyzed the association between appropriate antimicrobial therapy and clinical outc.

Ultrafine Black Carbon: A Cumulative Assessment On The Physiology Of Lung - Derived Cells, M Esther Salinas

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Combustion-derived nanomaterials are noxious ultrafine (<100 nm) aerosolized by-products generated by human activity. They pose threats to pulmonary health due to their small size, allowing them to penetrate deep into the alveolar regions causing detrimental responses downstream. Indeed, an examination between nanocarbon particle exposure and poor pulmonary health via cellular behavior was needed. I hypothesized that low-dose and long-term administrations of carbonaceous nanoparticles contribute to respiratory conditions by irritating lung-derived cells. Responses to ultrafine black carbon (UBC), a key component of airborne pollutants, by human lung A549 and murine lung LA4 epithelial cells, human peripheral-blood monocytes THP1, and murine macrophages RAW264.7 were investigated. These lines were chosen because epithelial cells and mononuclear cells (monocytes and macrophages) are the first to come in contact with inhaled particulate matter (PM) and contribute to stress and inflammation of pulmonary tissues. The cells were first plated on day zero and fed fresh UBC suspended in culture media on days one, four, and seven. The exposure regimen included three different low-level concentrations of UBC. On day ten, all cells were prepared for subsequent assays. Effects on cellular viability revealed that UBC was modestly cytotoxic while ATPase and esterase activity (termed enzyme vitality for the purpose of this study) were significantly diminished in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, beta-galactosidase proportionally increased with UBC concentration compared to untreated cells, indicating that cellular senescence was promoted across all cell types. Multiple markers of oxidative stress were subsequently measured, showing non-uniform trends and displaying moderate accumulation of oxidative damage, contingent upon cell line and UBC treatment. However, a significant induction of inner mitochondrial membrane depolarization of human UBC-treated cells was observed; an aberrant cell-cycle progression was found across all cells. The implemented regimen of UBC exposure elicited an imbalance of free (reduced) glutathione, altered mitochondrial potential, and abnormal cell-cycle activity. This method demonstrated that modifications across both species induced changes to cellular fitness overall. The data supported that compounding nanosized black carbon exposure could negatively affect overall pulmonary cell health by distinctively modifying intracellular activity. Additionally, we further surmised that sustained exposure to nanocarbon could impair innate immunity. Therefore, reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species (RNS), and cytokine levels upon continuous administrations to 3.0 μg/mL UBC after brief challenges to microbial proxies were assessed; on day 9, the cells were succumbed to three different microbial insults (LPS, Poly I:C, and Zymosan). On day 10, measurements demonstrated a moderate accumulation of oxidative stress, conditional to each cell type. Thus, UBC plus microbe approach triggered pro-oxidant levels and cytokine production across different cell types and diminished phagocytic response by murine macrophages. Based on the results, ultrafine-PM exposure may impair inflammatory function in response to pathogenic infections. In summation, our findings indicated that additive nanosized UBC in combination with microbe-like challenges may compromise cellular behavior, suggesting potential ways by which inhalation of ultrafine-PM may contribute to or exacerbate poor pulmonary health.