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Articles 1 - 30 of 126
Full-Text Articles in Pharmacology, Toxicology and Environmental Health
Evidence That Ultraviolet B Radiation Generates Systemic Responses Via Microvesicle Particle, Niharika Annapureddy
Evidence That Ultraviolet B Radiation Generates Systemic Responses Via Microvesicle Particle, Niharika Annapureddy
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Ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation, ranging from 280–315 nm, has been identified as carcinogenic since 1928 and is known to cause skin cancer. Additionally, UVB exposure triggers inflammatory responses, systemic effects, and organ damage. Recent research has discovered that these adverse outcomes are facilitated by the release of microvesicle particles (MVP) via the inflammatory lipid mediator, Platelet-activating Factor (PAF). We have previously demonstrated that sunburn causes skin keratinocytes to release high levels of MVP by activating the PAF receptor (PAFR). These studies were designed to test if these microvesicles enter the bloodstream and travel to various organs, especially the gut, increasing …
Synthetic Nucleoside Labels For Studying Cell-Free Dna, Dibya Guragai
Synthetic Nucleoside Labels For Studying Cell-Free Dna, Dibya Guragai
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Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) can arise from dying cells or be actively secreted by living cells, and is found either unbound, within extracellular vesicles, or in other macromolecular complexes. cfDNA plays roles in intercellular communication and immune responses and is clinically used for diagnostics through PCR and DNA sequencing. Interestingly, our lab has detected lesions in cfDNA after treatment with DNA-damaging agents including UVB and cisplatin. These findings prompted further investigation into which DNA lesions and labels can be found in the cell-free space. Importantly, we sought a mechanism of labeling DNA with a synthetic nucleoside to enable robust tracing using …
Systemic Effects Of Varying Degrees Of Thermal Burn Injuries In Young Mice: Role Of Microvesicle Particles And Platelet-Activating Factor, Prince Wilfred
Systemic Effects Of Varying Degrees Of Thermal Burn Injuries In Young Mice: Role Of Microvesicle Particles And Platelet-Activating Factor, Prince Wilfred
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Thermal burn injuries (TBI) result in local and systemic effects, particularly when a large body surface area is exposed to TBI. This study investigates the systemic effects of varying degrees of TBI in the murine model, focusing on the role of microvesicle particles (MVP) and Platelet-activating Factor (PAF) in mediating bacterial translocation and systemic inflammation. Utilizing the murine model, we analyzed MVP levels in the skin and blood, bacterial translocation in the gut, and the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators in the major organs at the 2-hour post-burn time point. Our studies revealed that after the two hours’ time point TBI …
Effects Of Canagliflozin And Pioglitazone On Cardiac Ras And Sirt1 In Db/Db Diabetic Mice, Purab Sanjay Sood
Effects Of Canagliflozin And Pioglitazone On Cardiac Ras And Sirt1 In Db/Db Diabetic Mice, Purab Sanjay Sood
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Type 2 diabetes significantly increases the risk of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) and nephropathy, largely due to hyperglycemia-induced activation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and elevated levels of angiotensin II (Ang II). Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and neprilysin (NEP) mitigate the deleterious effects of Ang II by generating Ang-(1-7), a cardioprotective vasodilator. ACE2 is essential for cardiac function, while its deficiency exacerbates dysfunction. Furthermore, the silent information regulator 1 (SIRTl) promotes ACE2 expression and contributes to cardiovascular protection. Despite the availability of several classes of antidiabetic medications, some cardiovascular complications of diabetes persist, and intensive glycemic control does not always …
The Circadian Modulating Drug Sr8278 Slows Cell Proliferation Independent Of Rev-Erbs, Ushaswini Atluri
The Circadian Modulating Drug Sr8278 Slows Cell Proliferation Independent Of Rev-Erbs, Ushaswini Atluri
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The small molecule compound SR8278 was initially identified as an antagonist of the REV-ERB proteins, which play an important role in regulating circadian rhythms. Furthermore, the use of SR8278 in preclinical models has been demonstrated to ameliorate a variety of different pathologies. Using RNA-seq analysis of HaCaT keratinocytes treated with SR8278, our laboratory found that SR8278 induces a down regulation of genes involved in the G1/S phase transition of the cell cycle and an up regulation of genes involved in cholesterol biosynthesis. RT-qPCR and western blot analyses confirmed that SR8278 treatment led to lower expression of several factors involved in …
The Role Of Rad51 And Its Paralogs In Dna Damage Response In Quiescent Cells Exposed To Solar Simulating Uv Radiation, Angitha Radhakrishnan Nair
The Role Of Rad51 And Its Paralogs In Dna Damage Response In Quiescent Cells Exposed To Solar Simulating Uv Radiation, Angitha Radhakrishnan Nair
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Rad51, and its five paralog proteins Rad51B, Rad51C, Rad51D, XRCC2, and XRCC3, are crucial in homologous recombination (HR) repair of DNA double-strand breaks. Prior studies have extensively shown the roles of Rad51 in the S/G2 phase, but its role in the G0/G1 phase is still unclear. Our lab focuses on studying the role of Rad51 and its paralogs in quiescent cells. RT-qPCR and western blots helped us understand the expression of Rad51 paralogs in proliferating and quiescent keratinocyte cells. Using a pharmacological inhibitor of Rad51, we found that Rad51 promotes quiescent cell survival after exposure to UV radiation. Like Rad51, …
Comparative Impact Of Canagliflozin Versus Pioglitazone On Biomarkers Of Diabetic Kidney Disease In Db/Db Mice, Siri Chandana Minikuri
Comparative Impact Of Canagliflozin Versus Pioglitazone On Biomarkers Of Diabetic Kidney Disease In Db/Db Mice, Siri Chandana Minikuri
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Diabetes mellitus is a leading cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD), primarily through dysregulation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), characterized by elevated Ang II which promotes vasoconstriction, oxidative stress, and renal fibrosis, along with increased urinary shedding of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which can exacerbate the imbalance of RAS and tubular injury. Previous studies demonstrated that rosiglitazone, a PPAR-γ agonist, attenuated hyperglycemia, glycosuria, albuminuria, and decreased urinary ACE2 shedding in db/db mice, suggesting a RAS-mediated renoprotective mechanism. Building on this evidence, the current study compared the renal effects of pioglitazone (a PPAR-γ agonist) and canagliflozin (an SGLT2 inhibitor) in …
The Role Of Base Excision Repair In Dna Damage Responses In Human Keratinocytes Exposed To Solar Simulating Uv Radiation, Mobolaji Eniola Alabi
The Role Of Base Excision Repair In Dna Damage Responses In Human Keratinocytes Exposed To Solar Simulating Uv Radiation, Mobolaji Eniola Alabi
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Ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun is the most prominent source of exogenous UV damage to DNA. UV directly causes damage by forming UV photoproducts, including pyrimidine-pyrimidone (6-4) photoproducts ((6-4) PPs), which significantly distort the helical structure of DNA and interfere with transcription and replication processes. The only known repair process of these photoproducts in human cells is nucleotide excision repair (NER). However, a recent study reported an APE1-dependent base excision repair (BER) of a subset of UV photoproducts. The study showed that deletion or inhibition of APE1, PARP1, NTH1, XRCC1, and FEN1 led to a 2-fold increase in sensitivity …
Characterization Of Atr Kinase Function In Quiescent Keratinocytes Exposed To Solar Simulating Uv Radiation, Mohamed Sameer Cholakkathody
Characterization Of Atr Kinase Function In Quiescent Keratinocytes Exposed To Solar Simulating Uv Radiation, Mohamed Sameer Cholakkathody
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This study examines the role of Ataxia Telangiectasia and Rad3-related kinase in quiescent human keratinocytes exposed to solar-simulated UV radiation (SSL). The ATR inhibitor VE-822 did not significantly affect cell viability in the absence of UV exposure, showing that ATR kinase activity is not essential for quiescent cell survival in the absence of additional genotoxic stress. After SSL exposure, ATR inhibition did not impact acute cell viability but reduced the cells’ long-term ability to proliferate. Western blot analysis demonstrated that VE-822 potently suppressed phosphorylation of ATR target proteins KAP1 and CHK2 in a dose-dependent manner after SSL exposure, confirming strong …
Screening Of Suppressor Mutants That Confer The Suc22 S239f Mutant Cells Resistance To Hydroxyurea, An Inhibitor Of Ribonucleotide Reductase, Sairam Pasam
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Ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) is a key enzyme for the biosynthesis of dNTPs for DNA replication and repair. It is composed of a large subunit, Cdc22, and a small subunit, Suc22, in the fission yeast S. pombe. We have recently reported a suc22-S239F mutation in the small subunit of RNR, causing replication stress and hypersensitivity to hydroxyurea (HU), an inhibitor of RNR. Interestingly, this mutation does not sensitize the cell to acute treatment with HU, which mainly generates replication stress, suggesting that the mechanism of HU sensitivity in the suc22-S239F mutant remains to be fully understood. To better understand the cell-killing …
Characterization Of An Unknown Mutant C3 With A High Level Of Endogenous Replication Stress In Fission Yeast, Neha Singh
Characterization Of An Unknown Mutant C3 With A High Level Of Endogenous Replication Stress In Fission Yeast, Neha Singh
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To maintain genome stability, which is essential for cell proliferation and survival, cells rely on cell cycle checkpoint pathways to deal with perturbed DNA replication or replication stress. The fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe serves as a powerful model organism for studying checkpoint mechanisms because its fundamental cellular processes are highly conserved in higher eukaryotes. During a genetic screening for mutants affecting genome integrity, we identified a novel mutant called C3 that exhibits a unique phenotype. Unlike wild-type cells, where phosphorylation of the checkpoint mediator Mrc1 is typically observed only in response to exogenously induced replication stress, such as the treatment …
Characterizing The Microvesicle Particles From Keratinocytes Stimulated With Multiple Stressors, Muslima Begum
Characterizing The Microvesicle Particles From Keratinocytes Stimulated With Multiple Stressors, Muslima Begum
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Many types of environmental and physical stressors act upon the skin and can initiate inflammation, systemic effects, and even damage to internal organs. Recent studies have identified that these harmful events are driven by the release of subcellular microvesicle particles (MVPs), an inflammatory process promoted by the glycerophosphocholines-derived lipid mediator, Platelet-activating Factor (PAF). These harmful effects are driven by the release of MVPs, a process promoted by the inflammatory lipid mediator, PAF. We have previously demonstrated that exposure of human HaCaT keratinocyte and mouse skin to stressors such as thermal burn injury, ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation, and topical photodynamic therapy …
Characterization Of The Hydroxyurea-Induced Cell Elongation Phenotype In Fission Yeast Ssb1-20 Mutant, Yeseswi Archana Guduri
Characterization Of The Hydroxyurea-Induced Cell Elongation Phenotype In Fission Yeast Ssb1-20 Mutant, Yeseswi Archana Guduri
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Eukaryotic SSB, also known as replication protein A (RPA), is a single-stranded DNA binding protein that is highly conserved in eukaryotes. It is essential in multiple cellular functions such as DNA replication, repair, recombination, and cell cycle checkpoint signaling. Studying SSB’s or RPA’s checkpoint functions in cells is challenging due to its crucial role in cell survival. Exploring this possibility, we performed an extensive genetic screening of ssb1, which encodes the largest subunit of RPA, looking for nonlethal mutants that lack the checkpoint function. This screen has identified 25 primary mutants that are sensitive to genotoxins namely HU and MMS. …
Characterization Of Cisplatin-Dna Adduct Release From Cancerous And Non-Cancerous Cell Lines, Aleena Alex
Characterization Of Cisplatin-Dna Adduct Release From Cancerous And Non-Cancerous Cell Lines, Aleena Alex
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Cisplatin is an effective chemotherapeutic agent that is used to treat lung, breast, esophageal, ovarian, and pancreatic cancers. Despite being effective in treating a wide variety of cancer types, its cytotoxicity to off-target healthy tissues restricts its therapeutic application. The platinum atom of cisplatin interacts with DNA and results in the formation of inter-and intra-strand crosslinks, which are often referred to as DNA adducts. These adducts are mutagenic and potentially lethal to cells. The sole pathway for cells to excise intra-strand cisplatin-DNA adducts from the genome is through nucleotide excision repair. The fate of unrepaired DNA adducts is not understood …
The Role Of Suc22-S239f Mutation In Sensitizing Fission Yeast To The Replication Stress Induced By Hydroxyurea, Kajal Davi
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Genetic mutations can significantly impact the cell’s susceptibility to environmental stress. The fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe is an established eukaryotic model for studying the cellular responses to various environmental stresses. This work investigated a missense mutation (S239F) identified in Suc22, the small subunit of the ribonucleotide reductase (RNR). RNR is an essential enzyme for the biosynthesis of dNTPs required for DNA replication and repair. We found that the suc22-S239F mutation increases the susceptibility to the replication stress induced by hydroxyurea (HU), not the DNA-damaging agents such as UV, methyl methanesulfate, and CPT. HU is a drug commonly used in laboratories …
Porcine Skin Explants As A New Model To Investigate Microvesicle Particle Generation, Shikshita Singh
Porcine Skin Explants As A New Model To Investigate Microvesicle Particle Generation, Shikshita Singh
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The skin is exposed to a variety of external stressors, from irritants to toxic agents to ultraviolet radiation (UVR). While mice and human volunteers can be used for research studies, there are limitations in the range of environmental stressors that can be studied using these models. Therefore, our research team has been investigating the use of human skin explants as a model to study the immediate effects of environmental stressors ex vivo. Although this method has been successful, obtaining fresh human skin for these studies is difficult due to limited availability. To overcome this issue, we are evaluating the possibility …
Xeroderma Pigmentosum Type A Deficiency Results In Increased Generation Of Microvesicle Particles In Response To Ultraviolet B Radiation And Solar Simulated Light Via Platelet-Activating Factor Receptor Signaling Pathway, Pranali Sushil Manjrekar
Xeroderma Pigmentosum Type A Deficiency Results In Increased Generation Of Microvesicle Particles In Response To Ultraviolet B Radiation And Solar Simulated Light Via Platelet-Activating Factor Receptor Signaling Pathway, Pranali Sushil Manjrekar
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Increased vulnerability to the DNA-damaging effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a hallmark of the uncommon genetic disorder Xeroderma Pigmentosum (XP). The Nucleotide Excision Repair (NER) route uses the DNA Damage Recognition and Repair component XPA to identify and get rid of damaged DNA segments. Although the solar UVB (290-320 nm) radiation is necessary for humans to produce vitamin D, it may also induce erythema and inflammatory reactions, and in some pathological situations, such as XPA deficiency, results in increased UV responses (photosensitivity). Our group has previously shown, using cell lines and mice, that increased synthesis of the lipid mediator …
To Determine The Role Of The Platelet Activating Factor - Receptor In Folfirinox Therapy-Mediated Microvesicles Particle Generation, Krishna Awasthi
To Determine The Role Of The Platelet Activating Factor - Receptor In Folfirinox Therapy-Mediated Microvesicles Particle Generation, Krishna Awasthi
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Given that Pancreatic cancer continues to be one of the primary causes of cancer-related death and that existing treatment options have a poor success rate, it is important to investigate the role of potential factor(s) involved in pancreatic cancer growth or diminishing the effectiveness of chemotherapeutic agents. An alternative regimen for pancreatic cancer treatment called FOLFIRINOX has shown to increase the survival rate and improve Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status score among the pancreatic cancer patients. However, FOLFIRINOX therapy is associated with several side effects. Through mechanisms involving the secretion of microvesicle particles (MVP), studies, including ours have …
The Role Of Platelet-Activating Factor And Microvesicle Particles In Intoxicated Thermal Burn Injury-Induced Multiple Organ Failure, Rushabh Pawan Lohade
The Role Of Platelet-Activating Factor And Microvesicle Particles In Intoxicated Thermal Burn Injury-Induced Multiple Organ Failure, Rushabh Pawan Lohade
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Intoxicated thermal burn injury (ITBI) is more severe than thermal burn injury (TBI) alone and causes significant morbidity and mortality. Evidence from mouse models that replicate the human condition of multiple organ dysfunction has been informative. ITBI results in enhanced bacterial translocation from the gut, increased levels of proinflammatory mediators, and immune cell infiltration in various organs, resulting in inflammation in multiple organs with subsequent dysfunction. In addition, ITBI induces delayed systemic immunosuppression. To understand the mechanism(s) underlying ITBI-induced inflammation and damage in multiple organs, we investigate the role of Platelet-activating factor (PAF) and subcellular microvesicle particles (MVPs) in this …
Regulation Of Cathepsin L Expression And Activity By Cell Confluence And The Circadian Clock, Prashant Gaikwad
Regulation Of Cathepsin L Expression And Activity By Cell Confluence And The Circadian Clock, Prashant Gaikwad
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Cathepsin L is a lysosomal cysteine protease that is encoded by the CTSL gene in humans. Previous results have shown that CTSL expression and activity towards the DNA repair protein XPA are elevated in lysates of confluent/quiescent HaCaT keratinocytes. Because other nuclear proteins, including 53BP1 and histone H3, have also been reported to be CTSL substrates under conditions of cell differentiation, senescence, or quiescence, CTSL expression and activity (cleavage) of multiple nuclear proteins was examined in lysates from HaCaT cells and other cell lines at various days after plating and cell confluency. Our study found that adding CTSL inhibitors to …
Characterization Of Atr Kinase Function In Quiescent Human Keratinocytes When Exposed To Solar Simulating Uv Radiation, Hrishikesh Tryambak Kadam
Characterization Of Atr Kinase Function In Quiescent Human Keratinocytes When Exposed To Solar Simulating Uv Radiation, Hrishikesh Tryambak Kadam
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Cell cycle control, DNA repair, and cell survival have all been linked to the ataxia-telangiectasia and Rad3-related (ATR) kinase, a vital part of the DNA damage response system. In this work, we looked at the role of ATR kinase in human keratinocytes that were dormant and exposed to solar simulating light (SSL). Our findings demonstrated that SSL activates the ATR kinase, phosphorylating downstream substrates such as KAP1, Chk2, and H2AX. In addition, we noticed that quiescent keratinocytes exposed to SSL experienced a decrease in viability when ATR kinase activity was inhibited. Our research indicates that in quiescent keratinocytes exposed to …
Validation Of A Cell Line Model For Studying Xpd Protein Function In Nucleotide Excision Repair, Naga Swathi Sree Kavuri
Validation Of A Cell Line Model For Studying Xpd Protein Function In Nucleotide Excision Repair, Naga Swathi Sree Kavuri
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The various environmental factors like toxic chemicals, chemotherapeutic agents and UV radiation impact human health by altering physiological functions of the normal living cells. One of the main consequences of exposure to these factors is DNA damage. Although, living system have inherent DNA repair mechanisms such as Nucleotide Excision Repair (NER), which removes DNA lesions from the genome in the form of small, approximately 30-nt-long DNA oligonucleotides. The accumulation of unrepaired DNA adducts as a result of this NER deficiency causes a variety of syndromes, including Xeroderma Pigmentosum (XP), Cockayne Syndrome, Neurological syndrome, and carcinoma of skin. To understand more …
To Determine The Role Of The Platelet Activating Factor - Receptor In Folfirinox Therapy-Mediated Microvesicles Particle Generation, Krishna Awasthi
To Determine The Role Of The Platelet Activating Factor - Receptor In Folfirinox Therapy-Mediated Microvesicles Particle Generation, Krishna Awasthi
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Given that Pancreatic cancer continues to be one of the primary causes of cancer-related death and that existing treatment options have a poor success rate, it is important to investigate the role of potential factor(s) involved in pancreatic cancer growth or diminishing the effectiveness of chemotherapeutic agents. An alternative regimen for pancreatic cancer treatment called FOLFIRINOX has shown to increase the survival rate and improve Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status score among the pancreatic cancer patients. However, FOLFIRINOX therapy is associated with several side effects. Through mechanisms involving the secretion of microvesicle particles (MVP), studies, including ours have …
Replication Stress Induced By The Ribonucleotide Reductase Inhibitors Guanazole, Triapine, And Gemcitabine In Fission Yeast, Mashael Yahya A Alyahya
Replication Stress Induced By The Ribonucleotide Reductase Inhibitors Guanazole, Triapine, And Gemcitabine In Fission Yeast, Mashael Yahya A Alyahya
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Replication stress can be produced by various exogenous or endogenous factors that perturb the movement of replication forks. To overcome the stress, the cells provoke the DNA replication checkpoint to mobilize several pathways to protect the forks, maintain genome integrity, and promote cell survival. Defects in the replication checkpoint cause forks collapse, leading to chromosomal DNA damage or cell death. Although the replication checkpoint is crucial for genome integrity in all eukaryotes, the underlying mechanisms remains to be fully understood. To investigate the mechanisms of DRC, hydroxyurea (HU), an established inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase (RNR), has been widely used in …
Impaired Β-Cell Neogenesis In A Mouse Model Of Metabolic Syndrome, Modhi Abdullah Alshammari
Impaired Β-Cell Neogenesis In A Mouse Model Of Metabolic Syndrome, Modhi Abdullah Alshammari
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Pancreatic islet β-cell plays an essential role in insulin release and hence glucose homeostasis. The maintenance of glucose homeostasis depends on β-cell ability to cope with enough insulin to fulfill metabolic and physiological demands. Adequate insulin release is the result of highly complex and dynamic interplays between acute changes in β- cell electrical activity, exocytosis and chronic adaptations in cellular function, volume, mass and proliferation. All of this appears modulated, to some extent, by the functional presence of Slc12a2 symporters, also known as Na+K+2Cl– cotransporter-1 (Nkcc1), which accumulates intracellular Cl– above its electrochemical equilibrium. Recent studies from our laboratory showed …
Heightened Levels Of Microvesicle Particles Resulting From Combination Of Ethanol And Thermal Burn Injury, Chad Alan Brewer
Heightened Levels Of Microvesicle Particles Resulting From Combination Of Ethanol And Thermal Burn Injury, Chad Alan Brewer
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Ethanol (EtOH), in combination with thermal burn injury, is a clinically significant problem resulting in an increase in morbidity and mortality due to acute multi-organ toxicity from excess systemic cytokine release. This intoxicated thermal burn affects close to 50% of the total numbers of hospital-admitted burn patients and currently has no standard treatment. However, using in vitro cellular and in vivo murine models, our group has provided data implicating the augmented production of the lipid mediator Platelet-activating factor (PAF) in keratinocytes in response to intoxicated thermal burn injury in the subsequent pathology. Of importance, our group has demonstrated that activation …
Ahr-Mediated Transcriptional Regulation Of The Human Immunoglobulin Hs1.2 Enhancer, Sydney White
Ahr-Mediated Transcriptional Regulation Of The Human Immunoglobulin Hs1.2 Enhancer, Sydney White
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The 3'IGHRR is thought to be responsible for the transcription of the immunoglobulin heavy chain (IGH) gene locus, which is essential for the production of antibodies. The human 3’IGHRR, which is duplicated in humans, contains the hs3, hs4, and hs1.2 enhancers. Additionally, the hs1.2 enhancer is polymorphic in humans and consists of a 53 bp invariant sequence that can be repeated one to four times. Previous experiments in a mouse and human B-cell line model have shown that the high affinity AhR ligand and environmental toxicant 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) can induce hs1.2 enhancer activity in an AhR-dependent manner. The AhR is …
Early Insulin Deficiency-Related Hyperphagia Antecedes Hyperinsulinemia And Obesity, Rana Abdelgawad
Early Insulin Deficiency-Related Hyperphagia Antecedes Hyperinsulinemia And Obesity, Rana Abdelgawad
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Insulin secretion plays a crucial role in energy homeostasis. Accordingly, disrupted insulin secretion has been associated with metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance syndrome and diabetes mellitus. Insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells is tightly regulated by complex ionic mechanisms usually included in a consensus mechanism involving ATP-sensitive K+ channels as the only key player. However, K+ channels solely do not reflect the whole mechanism. Anionic channels also contribute to the machinery of insulin secretion by initiating electrogenic Cl– fluxes in β-cells. The Na+K+2Cl– cotransporter 1 (Nkcc1) and other Cl– transporters participate in the non-equilibrium distribution of Cl– in β-cells. Recent …
The Protective Effects Of Mir-210 Modified Endothelial Progenitor Cells Released Exosomes In Hypoxia/Reoxygenation Injured Neurons, Sri Meghana Yerrapragada
The Protective Effects Of Mir-210 Modified Endothelial Progenitor Cells Released Exosomes In Hypoxia/Reoxygenation Injured Neurons, Sri Meghana Yerrapragada
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Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) have been shown to provide beneficial effects on oxidative stress. Exosomes (EXs) released from these stem cells could be one of the major contributors, as they are known to convey the benefit of one cell to another cell via microRNAs (miRNA). At first, we determined that EPCs release more EXs when they are serum-starved for 48 hours., and by determining the microRNA-210 (miR-210) levels in the EXs, we found that miRNA is being transferred from cells to EXs. Meanwhile, miR-210 is gaining popularity in reducing elevated oxidative stress levels. In this study, we investigated the role …
The Effect Of Circadian Clock Modulation On Cisplatin Cytotoxicity, Nadeen Nibal Ahmad Anabtawi
The Effect Of Circadian Clock Modulation On Cisplatin Cytotoxicity, Nadeen Nibal Ahmad Anabtawi
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Cisplatin is a DNA damage-based chemotherapeutic drug widely used to treat various types of cancers; however, the treatment's toxicity restricts its efficiency. Studies have shown that the circadian rhythm controls the DNA damage response and affects the repair pathways of cisplatin-induced DNA damage. Circadian clock modulation, therefore, has been proposed to be a potential mechanism for enhancing cisplatin tolerability. Here we used clock-enhancing molecules to evaluate the effect of pharmacological clock modulation on cisplatin cytotoxicity. Using cultured human cell lines, cisplatin cytotoxicity was found to be attenuated following treatment with circadian-enhancing molecules KS15 and SR8278. Moreover, the protein and mRNA …