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Oxidative stress

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Articles 1 - 30 of 44

Full-Text Articles in Pharmacology, Toxicology and Environmental Health

Steamed Daylily Flower (Hemerocallis Fulva L.) Protected Cardiac And Hepatic Cells Against Ethanol Induced Apoptotic And Oxidative Damage, Sheng-Lei Yan, Wen-Tzu Wu, Mei-Chin Mong, Mei-Chin Yin Dec 2023

Steamed Daylily Flower (Hemerocallis Fulva L.) Protected Cardiac And Hepatic Cells Against Ethanol Induced Apoptotic And Oxidative Damage, Sheng-Lei Yan, Wen-Tzu Wu, Mei-Chin Mong, Mei-Chin Yin

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Our previous study examined the phytochemical composition and bio-activities of raw daylily flower (Hemerocallis fulva L.). However, this plant food is usually served via heat process such as cooking in a soup. This study aimed to investigate the phytochemical profile and biofunctions of steamed daylily flower (SDF). The content of total phenolic acids, total flavonoids, total carotenoids, total anthocyanins and total triterpenoids in SDF aqueous extract was assessed. Normal cardiac and hepatic cells, H9c2 and L-02 cells, were used to evaluate the protective effects of SDF against ethanol. SDF concentrations of 0.25%, 0.5%, and 1% were applied to treat …

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Hepatotoxic Effect Of Cadmium And Available Therapeutic Options, Tomilola Olaolu, Favour Jibulu, Rotimi Damilare Jan 2023

Hepatotoxic Effect Of Cadmium And Available Therapeutic Options, Tomilola Olaolu, Favour Jibulu, Rotimi Damilare

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Hepatoxicity, also known as toxic hepatitis, is a condition, in which the liver becomes inflamed due to exposure to such substances as chemicals, medications, herbal products, or excessive alcohol consumption. Cadmium is a major environmental pollutant from agricultural and industrial sources and has been reported to induce hepatotoxicity. Cadmium can also be found in phosphate fertilizers, detergents, and refined petroleum products as an impurity and used industrially in the production of polyvinyl chloride product stabilizers and the fabrication of nickel-cadmium batteries. Cadmium can be absorbed into the human body through the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory, and dermal routes. Cadmium-induced hepatic damage …

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Examining The Oxidative Stress Effects In Rats Exposed To 2-Aminoanthracene In Utero And High Fat Diet Three Months After, Brianna A. Lanoix Jan 2023

Examining The Oxidative Stress Effects In Rats Exposed To 2-Aminoanthracene In Utero And High Fat Diet Three Months After, Brianna A. Lanoix

Honors College Theses

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are organic compounds that are created synthetically or found in partially burned oil, gasoline, and coal. 2-aminoanthracene (2AA) is a common example of a PAH and can affect lipid and carbohydrate metabolism and resulting in inflammatory problems and oxidative stress. The objective of the research project is to investigate oxidative stress in relation to diabetes in rats exposed to 2AA in utero and a high fat diet later in life. Pregnant dams were separated into treatment groups based on their dosages of 2AA; 0 mg/kg (control), 50 mg/kg (low), 100 mg/kg (high). During the gestation -postpartum period, …

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Roles Of Oxidative Stress And Dna Methylation In Cigarette Smoking-Induced Accelerated Acute Myeloid Leukemia Progression, Mary Figueroa Aug 2022

Roles Of Oxidative Stress And Dna Methylation In Cigarette Smoking-Induced Accelerated Acute Myeloid Leukemia Progression, Mary Figueroa

Dissertations & Theses (Open Access)

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a commonly diagnosed cancer in smokers. When current or former smokers have AML, they have worse survival compared to never smoking patients. This has been observed clinically for decades, but then it is unknown how smoking leads to worsened AML survival. Smoking causes oxidative stress and altered DNA methylation that persists for decades in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, but these changes from smoking have not been evaluated in the context of AML. We hypothesize that smoking-induced molecular changes, including altered DNA methylation associated with poor AML prognosis, promote AML. We developed a novel model to …

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Antioxidant Status, Antihyperlipidemic Activity, And Serum Electrolyte Levels In Dexamethasone-Induced Oxidative Stress In Wistar Rats Treated With Vitamin E, Idara Asuquo Okon, Justin Atiang Beshel, Daniel Udofia Owu Aug 2022

Antioxidant Status, Antihyperlipidemic Activity, And Serum Electrolyte Levels In Dexamethasone-Induced Oxidative Stress In Wistar Rats Treated With Vitamin E, Idara Asuquo Okon, Justin Atiang Beshel, Daniel Udofia Owu

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Objectives: Dexamethasone (Dex) is an anti-inflammatory drug with serious side effects. The aim of this study was to investigate, antioxidants status, antihyperlipidemic activity, and serum electrolyte levels of rats treated with Vitamin E in Dex-induced oxidative stress. Materials and Methods: Wistar rats of both sexes were assigned to four groups (n = 6). The control group was fed with standard rat feed and water, while Dex group received 30 μg/kg of Dex. Vitamin E group received 300 IU/kg of vitamin E, while Dex + Vitamin E group received 30 μg/kg of Dex and 300 IU/kg of vitamin E. After 14 …

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Aging, A Pathological Factor In Neurological Injury, Aruvi Vijikumar Jan 2022

Aging, A Pathological Factor In Neurological Injury, Aruvi Vijikumar

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports

One of the main reasons for CNS drugs to fail in clinical development is not considering age as a risk factor while studying chronic age-related neurological/neurodegenerative diseases in preclinical studies. We first set out to gain a comprehensive understanding of the impact of age on various aspects (anatomical, immunological, and biochemical) in rodents that play a key role in determining the onset, progression, and evolution of disease severity. With advancing age, the vascular structure and function are compromised which is hypothesized to accelerate cognitive decline. The initial step toward developing novel therapeutics is to characterize the age-related vascular modifications. Utilizing …

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Virgin Coconut Oil Ameliorates Arsenic Hepatorenal Toxicity And No-Mediated Inflammation Through Suppression Of Oxidative Stress In Rats, Ademola C. Famurewa, Ekenechukwu K. Maduagwuna, Chinyere Aloke, Sharon O. Azubuike-Osu, Arunaksharan Narayanankutty Jan 2022

Virgin Coconut Oil Ameliorates Arsenic Hepatorenal Toxicity And No-Mediated Inflammation Through Suppression Of Oxidative Stress In Rats, Ademola C. Famurewa, Ekenechukwu K. Maduagwuna, Chinyere Aloke, Sharon O. Azubuike-Osu, Arunaksharan Narayanankutty

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Background: Compelling evidence has implicated oxidative stress as a leading mechanism for arsenic (As)-induced pathologies. We evaluated antioxidant effect of virgin coconut oil (VCO) against arsenic-induced oxidative stress-mediated hepatorenal damage in rats. Methods: Rats were randomly divided into three groups: Control group, as group, and VCO + As group. VCO was orally administered before and along with arsenic (10 mg/kg body weight, orally) for 21 days. Subsequently, serum liver enzymes, albumin (ALB), creatinine, urea, antioxidant enzymes, malondialdehyde, and nitric oxide (NO) level were evaluated. The histology of the tissues was analyzed with standard procedures. Results: Arsenic caused marked increases in …

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Toxicity And Effects Of Tire Crumb Rubber In The Aquatic Environment, Stephanie Laplaca Dec 2021

Toxicity And Effects Of Tire Crumb Rubber In The Aquatic Environment, Stephanie Laplaca

All Dissertations

Plastic materials have provided innovative solutions to society’s evolving needs and challenges. Due to their durability and resistance to degradation, plastics remain in the environment for long periods of time and can therefore be transported to many environmental compartments such as water, sediment, and biota. Microplastics (MPs) have been defined as synthetic plastic particles that have at least one dimension less than 5 mm and are insoluble in water. Microrubber (MR), a recently acknowledged sub-group of MPs, has been documented in environmental samples more recently, frequently comprising a large portion of total MPs of various samples. In South Carolina specifically, …

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Quercetin Exhibits Potent Antioxidant Activity, Restores Motor And Non-Motor Deficits Induced By Rotenone Toxicity, Syeda Madiha, Zehra Batool, Saiqa Tabassum, Laraib Liaquat, Sadia Sadir, Sidrah Shahzad, Fizza Naqvi, Sadia Saleem, Sarwat Yousuf, Saara Ahmad Nov 2021

Quercetin Exhibits Potent Antioxidant Activity, Restores Motor And Non-Motor Deficits Induced By Rotenone Toxicity, Syeda Madiha, Zehra Batool, Saiqa Tabassum, Laraib Liaquat, Sadia Sadir, Sidrah Shahzad, Fizza Naqvi, Sadia Saleem, Sarwat Yousuf, Saara Ahmad

Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences

The rotenone-induced animal model of Parkinson's disease (PD) has been used to investigate the pathogenesis of PD. Oxidative stress is one of the main contributors of neurodegeneration in PD. Flavonoids have the potential to modulate neuronal function and combat various neurodegenerative diseases. The pre- and post-supplementation of quercetin (50 mg/kg, p.o) was done in rats injected with rotenone (1.5 mg/kg, s.c). After the treatment, behavioral activities were monitored for motor activity, depression-like behavior, and cognitive changes. Rats were decapitated after behavioral analysis and the brain samples were dissected out for neurochemical and biochemical estimation. Results showed that supplementation of quercetin …

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Characterizing The Structural, Biophysical And Functional Effects Of S-Glutathionylation On Stim1 Ca2+ Sensing, Christian Michael Sirko Aug 2021

Characterizing The Structural, Biophysical And Functional Effects Of S-Glutathionylation On Stim1 Ca2+ Sensing, Christian Michael Sirko

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) is an endo/sarcoplasmic reticulum (ER/SR) calcium (Ca2+) sensing protein that initiates cytoplasmic Ca2+ influx via store-operated calcium entry (SOCE). STIM1, in conjunction with Orai, a plasma membrane (PM) protein, function as mediators of SOCE through the formation of calcium-release activated calcium (CRAC) channels. S-Glutathionylation of STIM1 at Cys56 has been shown to evoke constitutive Ca2+ entry in DT40 cells, however no studies have carefully investigated the biophysical and structural effects of this covalent modification to the luminal domain, which are critical for understanding the molecular mechanism underlying the regulation of …

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Developmental Ethanol Exposure Causes Central Nervous System Dysfunction And May Slow The Aging Process In A Drosophila Model Of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder, Khaoula Belhorma, Nahed Darwish, Elizabeth Benn-Hirsch, Annalisa Duenas, Hillary Gates, Navneet Sanghera, Jodie Wu, Rachael L. French Jun 2021

Developmental Ethanol Exposure Causes Central Nervous System Dysfunction And May Slow The Aging Process In A Drosophila Model Of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder, Khaoula Belhorma, Nahed Darwish, Elizabeth Benn-Hirsch, Annalisa Duenas, Hillary Gates, Navneet Sanghera, Jodie Wu, Rachael L. French

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Alcohol is a known teratogen, and developmental exposure to ethanol results in fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD). Children born with FASD can exhibit a range of symptoms including low birth weight, microcephaly, and neurobehavioral problems. Treatment of patients with FASD is estimated to cost 4 billion dollars per year in the United States alone, and 2 million dollars per affected individual's lifetime. We have established Drosophila melanogaster as a model organism for the study of FASD. Here we report that mutations in Dementin (Dmtn), the Drosophila ortholog of the Alzheimer's disease-associated protein TMCC2, convey sensitivity to developmental ethanol exposure, …

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Neuroprotective Effects Of Farnesol On Motor And Cognitive Impairment Against 3- Nitropropionic Acid-Induced Huntington’S Disease, S. Deepa, Emdormi Rymbai, T. K. Praveen, J. Saravanan Jan 2021

Neuroprotective Effects Of Farnesol On Motor And Cognitive Impairment Against 3- Nitropropionic Acid-Induced Huntington’S Disease, S. Deepa, Emdormi Rymbai, T. K. Praveen, J. Saravanan

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Objective: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the role of farnesol as a potential neuroprotective agent against 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP) acid-induced Huntington’s disease (HD) by in vitro, in vivo, and in silico models. 3-NP acid-induced Huntington’s disease in male Wistar rats was used to evaluate the neuroprotective potential of farnesol. Materials and Methods: 3-NP (10 mg/kg/day) was used for the induction of disease, followed by treatment with 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg of farnesol for 7 days. The effect of farnesol on motor symptoms was evaluated using actophotometer and rotarod apparatus and effect of farnesol on learning and …

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The Protective Effects Of Mir-210 Modified Endothelial Progenitor Cells Released Exosomes In Hypoxia/Reoxygenation Injured Neurons, Sri Meghana Yerrapragada Jan 2021

The Protective Effects Of Mir-210 Modified Endothelial Progenitor Cells Released Exosomes In Hypoxia/Reoxygenation Injured Neurons, Sri Meghana Yerrapragada

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) have been shown to provide beneficial effects on oxidative stress. Exosomes (EXs) released from these stem cells could be one of the major contributors, as they are known to convey the benefit of one cell to another cell via microRNAs (miRNA). At first, we determined that EPCs release more EXs when they are serum-starved for 48 hours., and by determining the microRNA-210 (miR-210) levels in the EXs, we found that miRNA is being transferred from cells to EXs. Meanwhile, miR-210 is gaining popularity in reducing elevated oxidative stress levels. In this study, we investigated the role …

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An Investigation Into The Adverse Effects Of Oxidative Stress From Exposure To Bisphenol A And Its Analogues, Rachel Nas Nov 2020

An Investigation Into The Adverse Effects Of Oxidative Stress From Exposure To Bisphenol A And Its Analogues, Rachel Nas

Senior Honors Theses

Oxidative stress is a physiological event caused by an overaccumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) within the body. While ROS are a natural by-product of oxygen metabolism, too many can lead to cell and tissue damage and contribute to many etiologies. Bisphenol A (BPA), a component of many plastic products, has been shown to induce oxidative stress. While the industrial usage of BPA usage has lessened, the safety of its replacements is unknown. This paper will primarily discuss ROS and mechanisms of oxidative stress, the usage of BPA and its analogues, etiologies associated with oxidative stress resulting from exposure to …

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Aluminum Reproductive Toxicity: A Summary And Interpretation Of Scientific Reports, Robert A. Yokel Sep 2020

Aluminum Reproductive Toxicity: A Summary And Interpretation Of Scientific Reports, Robert A. Yokel

Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Publications

Publications addressing aluminum (Al)-induced reproductive toxicity were reviewed. Key details were compiled in summary tables. Approximate systemic Al exposure, a measure of bioavailability, was calculated for each exposure, based on the Al percentage in the dosed Al species, Al bioavailability, and absorption time course reports for the exposure route. This was limited to laboratory animal studies because no controlled-exposure human studies were found. Intended Al exposure was compared to unintended dietary Al exposure. The considerable and variable Al content of laboratory animal diets creates uncertainty about reproductive function in the absence of Al. Aluminum-induced reproductive toxicity in female mice and …

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A Health Evaluation Of Gulf Of Mexico Golden Tilefish (Lopholatilus Chamaeleonticeps) And Red Snapper (Lutjanus Campechanus) Following The Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill, Kristina Leigh Deak Jul 2020

A Health Evaluation Of Gulf Of Mexico Golden Tilefish (Lopholatilus Chamaeleonticeps) And Red Snapper (Lutjanus Campechanus) Following The Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill, Kristina Leigh Deak

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

A lack of baseline heath indices for offshore Gulf of Mexico (GoM) teleosts complicated impact assessments of the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill. While measurement of contaminant levels in fish after a pollution event can document exposure, such data fail to provide meaningful information about how this contact affects an animal's physiology. Controlled exposure studies have highlighted the utility of biomarkers that may indicate deleterious, long-lasting effects of pollutant exposure on various life stages of fish, however, their extrapolation to wild-caught, non-model species is challenging. In an increasingly chemically-saturated environment, it can also be difficult to separate the influence of …

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Plant-Derived Natural Biomolecule Picein Attenuates Menadione Induced Oxidative Stress On Neuroblastoma Cell Mitochondria, Kavindra Kumar Kesari, Anupam Dhasmana, Shruti Shandilya, Neeraj Prabhakar, Ahmed Shaukat, Jinze Dou, Jessica M. Rosenholm, Tapani Vuorinen, Janne Ruokolainen Jun 2020

Plant-Derived Natural Biomolecule Picein Attenuates Menadione Induced Oxidative Stress On Neuroblastoma Cell Mitochondria, Kavindra Kumar Kesari, Anupam Dhasmana, Shruti Shandilya, Neeraj Prabhakar, Ahmed Shaukat, Jinze Dou, Jessica M. Rosenholm, Tapani Vuorinen, Janne Ruokolainen

School of Medicine Publications and Presentations

Several bioactive compounds are in use for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. Historically, willow (salix sp.) bark has been an important source of salisylic acid and other natural compounds with anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic properties. Among these, picein isolated from hot water extract of willow bark, has been found to act as a natural secondary metabolite antioxidant. The aim of this study was to investigate the unrevealed pharmacological action of picein. In silico studies were utilized to direct the investigation towards the neuroprotection abilities of picein. Our in vitro studies demonstrate the neuroprotective properties …

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Association Of Long-Term Consumption Of Repeatedly Heated Mix Vegetable Oils In Different Doses And Hepatic Toxicity Through Fat Accumulation, Gul Ambreen, Afshan Siddiq, Kashif Hussain Apr 2020

Association Of Long-Term Consumption Of Repeatedly Heated Mix Vegetable Oils In Different Doses And Hepatic Toxicity Through Fat Accumulation, Gul Ambreen, Afshan Siddiq, Kashif Hussain

Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences

Background: Hepatic diseases are one of the chief reasons for worldwide morbidity and mortality. The increased incidence in Asian countries is driving researchers to explore preventive ways from nature. It is more practical to go with healthy routine edibles like vegetable oils to avoid environmental and chemical hepatic injuries. With the use of thermally oxidized oils overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) with overwhelmed cellular antioxidants defense system results in oxidative stress, the known cause of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), cancers and neurodegenerative disorders. Little is investigated about the effect of daily used oxidized cooking oils on hepatic function changes with …

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Mechanisms Of Dopamine-Induced Methamphetamine Neurotoxicity, Melinda L. Asbury Jan 2020

Mechanisms Of Dopamine-Induced Methamphetamine Neurotoxicity, Melinda L. Asbury

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Methamphetamine (MA) neurotoxicity is particularly evident in the striatum where it causes extensive dopamine (DA) release and results in neurodegeneration. To identify specific signaling pathways and macromolecules involved in postsynaptic DA-induced striatal toxicity we used a SK-N-MC cell model that mimics postsynaptic D1 receptor-expressing striatal neurons. The cells were treated for 6-24 h with 0-50 µM DA. The concentration was chosen to impart physiological relevance to the study as it mirrors [DA] found within the striatum following MA exposure. We show that 25-50 µM DA resulted in protein changes consistent with nitro(oxidative) stress as well as enhanced cleavage of caspase …

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Toxic Trace Elements In Follicular Fluid, Oxidative Stress, And In Vitro Fertilization (Ivf) Outcomes, Celeste Danielle Butts Jan 2020

Toxic Trace Elements In Follicular Fluid, Oxidative Stress, And In Vitro Fertilization (Ivf) Outcomes, Celeste Danielle Butts

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Exposures to environmental contaminants, including non-essential toxic trace elements, may be associated with in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcomes. Follicular fluid (FF) envelops the developing oocyte, offering a “snapshot” of the oocyte microenvironment. FF may better estimate trace element concentrations associated with IVF outcomes than more commonly employed blood and urine biomarkers of exposure. Hence, FF concentrations of four widespread non-essential toxic trace elements (arsenic, mercury, cadmium, and lead) were investigated in relation to a spectrum of IVF endpoints in n=56 women undergoing IVF. Antioxidant activity was explored as an intervening variable and dietary exposure sources of non-essential toxic trace elements …

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Monodora Myristica Seed Extracts Ameliorate Crude Oil Contaminated Diet-Induced Cardiotoxicity In Rats, G. T. Esiekpe, B. O. George, O. C. Orororo, A. A. Akpede, G. E. Okevwe, E. Onotugoma, J. Oguntola Jan 2020

Monodora Myristica Seed Extracts Ameliorate Crude Oil Contaminated Diet-Induced Cardiotoxicity In Rats, G. T. Esiekpe, B. O. George, O. C. Orororo, A. A. Akpede, G. E. Okevwe, E. Onotugoma, J. Oguntola

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Aim: This study investigated the ameliorative effects of Monodora myristica seed extracts in serum and heart of rats fed crude petroleum oil-polluted diet (CPOPD). ). Materials and Methods: Thirty adult Wistar rats (180 ± 5 g) were used for the study. T..

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A Novel Fibroblast Growth Factor 1 Variant Reverses Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease In Type 2 Diabetes., Qian Lin Aug 2018

A Novel Fibroblast Growth Factor 1 Variant Reverses Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease In Type 2 Diabetes., Qian Lin

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disorder and is strongly associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Our recently engineered FGF1 partial agonist, carrying triple mutations (FGF1△HBS) exhibits greatly reduced proliferative potential, while preserving the full metabolic activity of wild-type FGF1. This study tests the preventive and therapeutic effects of FGF1△HBS on NAFLD in db/db T2D and explores potential mechanisms. The results showed that administration of FGF1△HBS to 2-month-old db/db mice for 2 months constantly lowered blood glucose levels, improved insulin sensitivity, and lowered liver weight, lipid deposition, and …

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High Circulatory Leptin Mediated Nox-2-Peroxynitrite-Mir21 Axis Activate Mesangial Cells And Promotes Renal Inflammatory Pathology In Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, Firas Alhasson, Ratanesh K. Seth, Sutapa Sarkar, Diana A. Kimono, Muayad S. Albadrani, Diptadip Dattaroy, Varun Chandrashekaran, Geoffry Scott, Samir Raychoudhury, Mitzi Nagarkatti, Prakash Nagarkatti, Anna Mae Diehl, Saurabh Chatterjee Jul 2018

High Circulatory Leptin Mediated Nox-2-Peroxynitrite-Mir21 Axis Activate Mesangial Cells And Promotes Renal Inflammatory Pathology In Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, Firas Alhasson, Ratanesh K. Seth, Sutapa Sarkar, Diana A. Kimono, Muayad S. Albadrani, Diptadip Dattaroy, Varun Chandrashekaran, Geoffry Scott, Samir Raychoudhury, Mitzi Nagarkatti, Prakash Nagarkatti, Anna Mae Diehl, Saurabh Chatterjee

Faculty Publications

High circulatory insulin and leptin followed by underlying inflammation are often ascribed to the ectopic manifestations in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) but the exact molecular pathways remain unclear. We have shown previously that CYP2E1-mediated oxidative stress and circulating leptin in NAFLD is associated with renal disease severity. Extending the studies, we hypothesized that high circulatory leptin in NAFLD causes renal mesangial cell activation and tubular inflammation via a NOX2 dependent pathway that upregulates proinflammatory miR21. High-fat diet (60% kcal) was used to induce fatty liver phenotype with parallel insulin and leptin resistance. The kidneys were probed for mesangial cell …

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Discovery Of Piperlongumine Derivatives As Anti-Leukemic And Anti-Prostate Cancer Agents, Yi Liao Jan 2018

Discovery Of Piperlongumine Derivatives As Anti-Leukemic And Anti-Prostate Cancer Agents, Yi Liao

Wayne State University Dissertations

Piperlongumine (PL) is an electrophilic anti-cancer natural product. Through non-covalent or covalent interactions with cellular targets, PL inactivates multiple oncogenic pathways and suppresses key components of cellular anti-oxidant/anti-electrophile defense systems. These actions result in pleiotropic anticancer effects and are expected to be effective to heterogeneous acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and prostate cancer (PCa). We applied two approaches to enhance the anticancer potency of PL: 1) To design PL-histone deacetylase inhibitor hybrid drugs (PL-HDACis; e.g., 1-58), and 2) To dimerize PL pharmacophore to generate a dimeric PL (DiPL) warhead that is suitable for further conjugation (e.g., 5-17). Both 1-58 and 5-17 …

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Enhanced Physical Endurance And Improved Memory Performance Following Taurine Administration In Rats, Irfan Sajid, Saara Muddasir, Shaista Emad, Zehra Batool, Saima Khaliq, Lubna Anis, Saiqa Tabassum, Syeda Madiha, Laraib Liaquat, Sadia Sadir, Tahira Perveen, Saida Haider Sep 2017

Enhanced Physical Endurance And Improved Memory Performance Following Taurine Administration In Rats, Irfan Sajid, Saara Muddasir, Shaista Emad, Zehra Batool, Saima Khaliq, Lubna Anis, Saiqa Tabassum, Syeda Madiha, Laraib Liaquat, Sadia Sadir, Tahira Perveen, Saida Haider

Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences

Energy drinks enhance physical endurance and cognitive ability. The ingredients present in these drinks are considered as ergogenic and have memory boosting effects. In the present study effects of taurine administration for one week was monitored on physical exercise and memory performance in rats. Animals were divided into two groups namely control and test. Taurine was injected intraperitoneally to the test group at the dose of 100mg/kg. After one week of treatment rats were subjected to physical exercise and memory task. Results of this study revealed that rats injected with taurine for one week exhibited improved muscular strength as well …

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Therapeutic Modulation Of Cancer Metabolism With Dichloroacetate And Metformin, Nathan Patrick Ward Apr 2017

Therapeutic Modulation Of Cancer Metabolism With Dichloroacetate And Metformin, Nathan Patrick Ward

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The robust glycolytic metabolism of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) has proven them susceptible to increases in oxidative metabolism induced by the pyruvate mimetic dichloroacetate (DCA). Recent reports demonstrate that the anti-diabetic drug metformin enhances the damaging oxidative stress associated with DCA treatment in cancer cells. We sought to elucidate the role of metformin’s reported activity as a mitochondrial complex I inhibitor in the enhancement of DCA cytotoxicity in the VM-M3 model of GBM. We demonstrated that metformin potentiated DCA-induced superoxide production and that this was required for enhanced cytotoxicity towards VM-M3 cells with the combination. Similarly, rotenone enhanced oxidative stress resultant …

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The Role Of Line-1 Transposable Element In Methamphetamine Neurotoxicity In The Neurogenic Zones, Dongyue Yu Jan 2017

The Role Of Line-1 Transposable Element In Methamphetamine Neurotoxicity In The Neurogenic Zones, Dongyue Yu

Wayne State University Theses

Methamphetamine (METH) is a widely abused psychostimulant, which can cause neurotoxicity in the striatum and hippocampus. Several epigenetic changes were identified after binge METH exposure, including histone modification, DNA methylation, and changes in miRNA levels. We have shown that binge METH increases expression and activity of Long INterspersed Element (LINE-1), a transposable element, in doublecortin-positive neurons within rat neurogenic zones [1]. The goal of the present study was to identify which type(s) of cells show increases in LINE-1 following binge METH exposure, and determine whether binge METH-induced increases in LINE-1 are associated with cell death. To achieve this goal, male …

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Tenofovir Induced Nephrotoxicity: A Mechanistic Study, Rachel A. Murphy Jan 2017

Tenofovir Induced Nephrotoxicity: A Mechanistic Study, Rachel A. Murphy

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Tenofovir (TFV) is a reverse transcriptase inhibitor that is approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat HIV and chronic Hepatitis B. It has a long half-life, allowing for once a day dosing and is effective in treatment of both naive and experienced patients. It is administered orally as tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) and is deesterified in plasma to the active drug TFV. However, renal impairment is associated with its use; TFV can induce decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and free calcitriol, renal failure, and Fanconi Syndrome. The exact mechanism of toxicity currently remains unknown, largely …

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Cellular And Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Alcohol-Induced Aggressiveness Of Breast Cancer, Yongchao Wang, Mei Xu, Zun-Ji Ke, Jia Luo Jan 2017

Cellular And Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Alcohol-Induced Aggressiveness Of Breast Cancer, Yongchao Wang, Mei Xu, Zun-Ji Ke, Jia Luo

Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences Faculty Publications

Breast cancer is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in women. Both Epidemiological and experimental studies indicate a positive correlation between alcohol consumption and the risk of breast cancer. While alcohol exposure may promote the carcinogenesis or onset of breast cancer, it may as well enhance the progression and aggressiveness of existing mammary tumors. Recent progress in this line of research suggests that alcohol exposure is associated with invasive breast cancer and promotes the growth and metastasis of mammary tumors. There are multiple potential mechanisms involved in alcohol-stimulated progression and aggressiveness of breast cancer. Alcohol may increase the mobility …

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Molecular Mechanisms Involved In Neurotoxicity Mediated By Hiv Proteins And Drug Abuse, Yu Cai Aug 2016

Molecular Mechanisms Involved In Neurotoxicity Mediated By Hiv Proteins And Drug Abuse, Yu Cai

Theses & Dissertations

While the advancement of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has transformed the course of HIV/AIDS from a death sentence to a manageable chronic condition, the prevalence of a constellation of neurological disorders collectively termed as HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) continues to persist in these patients. HAND is characterized by cognitive dysfunction, depression, impaired memory and/or deficits in motor skills. The underlying factors leading to HAND have been the subject of extensive research and are thought to be associated with HIV infection in the CNS combined with robust immune activation of resident cells of the CNS. In addition, there is a …

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