Pharmacology, Toxicology and Environmental Health Commons^™

Stabilization/Solidification Of Organic Containing Wastes Using Organophilic Clay And Coal Fly Ash, Edith Lagoutte

Theses

The relative merits of eight different coal fly ashes for use in the stabilization/Solidification of a waste containing both heavy metals and pentachlorophenol were investigated. Also studied, was the possible use of either untreated or treated (with hexade-cyl ammonium bromide) clay to enhance the stabilization of the organic. The sample composition was : 62% foundry baghouse dust (or 60% if 2% clay as added to the sample), 4.5% cement, 14% coal fly ash, 19.5% water. Pentachlorophenol was chosen as represen¬tative of the organic contamination. All tests were performed after curing the samples at 22°C, 98% Rh for 28 days. The …

Pharmacokinetics And Effects On Blood Chemistry Of Cyclosporine In Human Infants And Kid Goats, Floyd A. Beierle

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Kid goats (newborn) have been used in transplantation protocols to study the techniques and problems of infant human cardiac transplantation. Immunosuppression has been by cyclosporine in both species. However, the pharmacokinetics of cyclosporine (CSA) in both the kid goat and human infant were unknown. Therefore, the pharmacokinetics of CSA were investigated. A single dose study and a long term chronic administration study were undertaken in the goat. Six Nubian goats, ages 60-90 days, were given a single IV dose of CSA, 0.25 mg/kg, over a 10 minute period and 72 hr later an oral cyclosporine dose of 20 mg/kg. The …

Effects Of Applied Soil Repellent Finish On Pesticide Residues In Work Clothing, Sandra L. Prior

Community & Environmental Health Theses & Dissertations

This study explores the feasibility of using an applied soil repellent finish, Scotchgard, on 100% cotton denim fabric in order to enhance the removal of atrazine and alachlor residue during the laundering process. The experimental findings provided no statistically significant evidence that Scotchgard fabric protector reduced pesticide residuals on the 100% cotton denim fabric either before or after laundering. A significant finding secondary to the study involved the possible interaction of Scotchgard with the pesticide alachlor, leaving greater amounts of residual on the fabric after laundering than those found with no fabric treatment. This suggests that agricultural workers be cautioned …

Molecular Mechanisms Of Physalia Physalis Venom Modulation Of Cardiac And Vascular Functions, Eva Luo

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Portuguese man-of-war (Physalia physalis)venom has profound effects on the cardiovascular system of man and animals. The venom produces vascular relaxation in norepinephrine precontracted, intact rabbit femoral arterial rings by stimulating vasodilatory prostaglandin synthesis in the endothelium. This action does not depend on endotheliumderived relaxing factor (EDRF). P. physalis venom produces a vascular constriction on KC1 depolarized, intact rings. This is completely inhibited by dibenzyline and yohimbine. Increased membrane permeability to calcium may be involved in direct vascular smooth muscle stimulation. The venom has a positive inotropic effect on rat atrial preparations, which is intensified by increased extracellular calcium concentration. …

Trace Element Studies On Karachi Populations Part V: Blood Lead Levels In Normal Healthy Adults And Grammar School Children, W W. Manser, R Lalani, S Haider, M A. Khan

Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences

Blood lead levels of healthy Karachi population were estimated. Mean levels for males, females, soldiers and school children were 34.4, 31.8, 29.9 and 38.2 micrograms/dl respectively. About 93% cases of either sex had elevated lead levels, of whom 30% males and 10% females had levels above the safety limits (40 micrograms/dl). Soldiers living in relatively pollution free area though had levels lower than the rest of the population but 91% had levels over 25 micrograms/dl and only two had acceptable levels. Ninety-two percent children showed levels above 25 micrograms/dl with a large number having levels over 40 micrograms/dl. A very …

Dopamine Agonists Modify The Development Of Brain D1 And D2 Receptor Responsiveness, Anwar A. Hamdi

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Dopamine (DA) agonist-induced behavioral supersensitivity in the adult rat has served as the standard model for certain of the motor and behavioral side effects associated with long-term exposure to DA agonists in humans. The mechanisms relating receptor events with behavior mediation, however, remain unclear. The striatum of rats progresses through a prolonged and varied postnatal developmental period. In order to examine the relative contribution of D1 and D2 receptor-mediated mechanisms to behavioral changes which follow chronic dopamine agonist exposure, developing rats were treated daily from birth with a D1 agonist, SKF 38393 hydrochloride (3.0 mg/kg $\times$ 32d, i.p.), or a …

Dopamine Agonists Modify The Development Of Brain D1 And D2 Receptor Responsiveness, Anwar A. Hamdi

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Dopamine (DA) agonist-induced behavioral supersensitivity in the adult rat has served as the standard model for certain of the motor and behavioral side effects associated with long-term exposure to DA agonists in humans. The mechanisms relating receptor events with behavior mediation, however, remain unclear. The striatum of rats progresses through a prolonged and varied postnatal developmental period. In order to examine the relative contribution of D1 and D2 receptor-mediated mechanisms to behavioral changes which follow chronic dopamine agonist exposure, developing rats were treated daily from birth with a D1 agonist, SKF 38393 hydrochloride (3.0 mg/kg $\times$ 32d, i.p.), or a …

Immunosuppression By Aflatoxin B1 In C57bl/6 Mice And Its Relationship With Neuroendocrine Mechanisms, Yasuhiko Hatori

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁), a secondary metabolite of Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus, is known for its potent carcinogenicity and immunosuppressive effects. It is also known that AFB₁ toxicity appears in different degrees in different animal species and strains.

The present study was performed to reveal the involvement of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal gland (HPA) axis in the immunosuppressive effects of AFB₁ on C57BL/6 mice. Splenic lymphocytes were assayed to investigate their phenotyping using flow cytometry, proliferative response against mitogen and allogenic lymphocytes, cytolytic cell activity, and IL-2 production. In addition, antibody-mediated immunocompetence was checked using sheep …

Pathophysiology Of Hemorrhagic Shock And The Protective Effects Of Antioxidants, Annette Elizabeth Fleckenstein

Masters Theses

Considerable attention has focused on the role of free radicals in the pathophysiology of hemorrhagic shock. In this study, four pharmacological mechanisms for antagonizing free radical generation or reactions were compared in terms of their efficacy in attenuating post-hemorrhage (post-reinfusion) cardiovascular collapse. These included blocking arachidonic acid oxidation by cyclooxygenase (eg; ibuprofen), inhibiting superoxide radical production by xanthine oxidase (eg; oxypurinol), chelating iron (eg; desferal), and inhibiting lipid peroxidation (eg; U74006F and U78517G, Upjohn Company, Kalamazoo, Michigan).

Cardiovascular function, cerebral blood flow, arterial blood gases, serum glucose, and plasma vitamin E were examined in a hemorrhage/reperfusion model using urethane-anesthetized rats. …

Book Reviews, Risk Editorial Board

RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)

Reviews of the following books prepared by the editors of Risk on the topic of toxic tort litigation and/or public regulation of toxic substances:

Frank B. Cross, Environmentally Induced Cancer and the Law: Risks, Regulation and Victim Compensation, (1989).

Chemical Contamination and Its Victims: Medical Remedies, Legal Redress, and Public Policy (David W. Schnare & Martin T. Katzman, eds., 1989.

The Role of Science in Toxic Tort Litigation: Evaluating Causation and Risk: Drawn from Papers Presented at the TIPS Annual Meeting, August 1988, Toronto, Canada. Chicago, Ill: Tort and Insurance Practice Section, American Bar Association.

Benzo(A)Pyrene Ingested From Composite Meals : Analysis And Method Development Related To Total Human Exposure, Che-Han Hsu

Theses

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons including benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) have been known for many years to be environmental carcinogen. Moreover, B(a)P has often been used as an indi¬cator for the carcinogenic potency of environmental matter. One of its exposure pathways, ingestion, may possibly be more important than other routes, conventionally studied such as inhalation. The purposes of this thesis are 1) to analyze the B(a)P concentrations in weekly composite and some daily meals obtained in the Total Human Exposure to Environmental Substances (THEES) study, 2) to develop techniques which can measure the levels of B(a)P in foods accurately and effici¬ently, 3) to compare …

Degradation Of Refractory Organic Pollutants In Tar, Water And Soil Matrices By Ozone Or Hydrogen Peroxide With Ultraviolet Light, Liang-Jiun Uang

Theses

The objective of this research is to develop a method to degrade refractory Tar materials, higher molecular weight 3-5 ring Poly Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH's) or degrading these highly refractory PAH structures so that they are amenable to further treatment by biological or chemical methods. The process utilized to achieve this is to treat contaminated soils or tar materials with hydrogen peroxide or ozone plus ultraviolet light. Analysis of 27 specific PAH's was done by gas chromatograph (Flame Ionization Detection) for the reactants and products. The contaminated soil showed significantly lower levels of these PAH's after treatment.

Quantitative Determination Of Formaldehyde In Ambient Air, Wen-Shao Chou

Theses

Formaldehyde has been shown in the laboratory to play a critical role in the chemistry of polluted air. The method which we discuss in this paper was evaluated under practical field conditions in the Northern New Jersey Staten Island Urban Air Toxics Project. Formaldehyde in ambient air is concentrated and derived by passing a known quantity of air through a silica column impregnated with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH). The silica is eluted with acetonitrile and the concentration of formaldehyde is determined by High Performance Liquid Chromatograph (HPLC) with UV detection. A description of procedural details for coating silica cartridges with 2,4-DNPH acidified …

Criminalizing Conduct Related To Hiv Transmission., Donald Hermann

College of Law Faculty

No abstract provided.

The Accumulation And Run-Down Of Dieldrin In Wethers Grazed On Paddocks Previously Treated With Dieldrin, Tony Albertsen, Roy Casey, Keith Croker

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

In mid 1987, the organochlorines (O/Cs) DDT, dieldrin, heptachlor and chlordane were deregistered for agricultural and horticultural use in Australia. These chemicals had been used widely, and land on several hundred Western Australian farms, particularly where potatoes had been grown, was contaminated with chemical residues. Livestock grazing pastures on such land was also contaminated, and our beef exports were threatened. In 1988, the Western Australian Department of Agriculture started a two-year project to collect information from sheep which were grazed on land that had previously been treated with O/Cs, particularly dieldrin. The levels of O/Cs in body and wool fats …

Copper Accumulation By Gizzard Shad (Dorosoma Cepedianum) In The Charleston Side Channel Reservoir, Mark T. Christ

Masters Theses

Exposure to trace heavy metals is being extensively studied in relation to their adverse and toxic effects on organisms. Processes affecting compartmentalization, biogeochemical cycling, and transport of trace metals in ecological systems must be elucidated if the impact of trace metal releases on biota are to be understood. Because elemental cycles are often closely linked to hydrologic processes, freshwater and marine systems serve as both vectors and sinks for trace metals in the environment. The regular addition of a heavy metal into an aquatic ecosystem will undoubtedly increase its persistance for availability to the existing biota. Once in the environment, …

ยาทำแท้ง Ru 486 กับความปลอดภัยของหญิงไทย, สุนทรี วิทยานารถไพศาล, สำลี ใจดี

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

No abstract provided.

การเลือกใช้เซฟาโลสปอริน, สุกัญญา เจษฎานนท์

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

เป็นบทความเกี่ยวกับการเลือกใช้ยาในกลุ่มเซฟาโลสปอริน ฤทธิ์การต้านเชื้อที่เป็นสาเหตุของ...

Proteins And Antinutritional Factors Of Laeucaena Leucocephala And Cucurbita Maxima Seed.(โปรตีนและสารต้านคุณค่าทางโภชนาการ ในกระถินและเมล็ดฟักทอ..., อรอนงค์ กังสดาลอำไพ, สุธี สุนทรธรรม, ธิติรัตน์ ปานม่วง, แก้ว กังสดาลอำไพ

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Protein-Calorie malnutrition is one of the important nutritional problems in Thailand. Attempts to isolated protein of Laeucaena leucocephala leaf and seed as well as of Cucurbita maxima seed were performed by heating, adjusting pH and adding calcium sul...

พระราชบัญญัติวิชาชีพเภสัชกรรม: ความหวังของเภสัชกร, จอมจิน จันทรสกุล

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

No abstract provided.

Activity Of Betel Leaf Ointment On Skin Diseases(ฤทธิ์ของขี้ผึ้งพลูต่อโรคผิวหนัง), ลัดดาวัลย์ บุญวัตนกรกิจ, สารี วิรุฬหผล, ประนอม โพธิยานนท์, วิไลลักษณ์ อิ่มอุดม, นภดล นพคุณ, อิงอร มันทรานนท์, พาลาภ สิงหเสนี, สุรพงท์ เก็งทอง, อารีวัตน์ ลออปักษา, โสกณ เมฆธน

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

4% Betel Leaf Ointment, prepared from ether extract of Piper betle leaves in modified polyethylene glycolointment base, is found to be very effective in inhibiting the growth of seven microorganisms that can cause skin diseases in man. Five of them are d...

Interferon สำหรับ Chronic Viral Hepatitis, สุกัญญา เจษฎานนท์

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

เป็นบทความเกี่ยวกับกลไกการออกฤทธิ์ของ recombinant alpha interferon, การทดลองใช้ยาในผู้ป่วย hepatitis C และ hepatitis B, อาก...

ยาสำหรับโรคหอบหืด, สุกัญญา เจษฎานนท์

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

เป็นบทความเกี่ยวกับยาและการใช้ยาสำหร้บลดหรือควบคุมอาการหอบหืด ซึ่งผู้ป่วยยังอาการไม่ห...

The Studies Of Durian Rind Extracts As An Aqueous Binder I : Evaluation Of Granule Properties(ศึกษาการใช้สารสกัดจากเปลือกทุเรียน เพื่อเป็นสารยึดเกาะ..., Kaisri Umprayn, Kavee Chanpaparp, Sunanta Pongsamart

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Durian rind extracts, D1 and D1 were evaluated for their binding properties as comparing with commonly used binders such as PVPK 30, corn starch, starch 1500(R), gelatin and Methocel E15 LV(R). They were employed at 1.2 and 4% based on dry basis for both...

Bioavail Ability Of Sulfamethoxazole-Trimethoprim From Tablets: Comparison Of In Vitro And In Vivo Results(การศึกษาชีวประสิทธิผลของยาเม็ด Sulfamethoxazole-Trimethoprim: เปรียบเท..., Thomayant Prueksaritanont, Somjit Prueksaritanont, Nantana Sittichai, Anchalee Tantiwaterungdate

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Ten single lots of 400-mg sulfamethoxazole and 80-mg trimethoprim tablets, manufactured by various companies, were evaluated for their in vitro quality according to the specifications of the United States Pharmacopoeia and the British Pharmacopoeia. All ...

A Phase Ii Trial Of Murine Monoclonal Antibody 17-1a And Interferon-Γ: Clinical And Immunological Data, Mansoor Saleh, Albert Lobuglio, Richard Wheeler, Kimberly Rogers, Amy Haynes, Jeannette Lee, M B. Khazaeli

Haematology and Oncology, East Africa

A group of 15 patients with metastatic colorectal adenocarcinoma received a combination of interferon γ (0.1 mg/m², days 1–15) and the murine monoclonal antibody 17-1A (400 mg, days 5, 7, 9 and 12). The treatment was tolerated with minimal toxicity. Of the 14 evaluable patients, 13 developed human antibody to murine 17-1A, with 11 patients demonstrating antibody to the variable region of 17-1A (anti-idiotype). Antibody to the variable region was inhibited by 17-1A but not by mouse immunoglobulin. Sera from patients with substantial anti-idiotype reactivity were capable of inhibiting the binding of murine 17-1A to antigen expressing LS174-T …

Quantitative Determination Of Weak Acidic Drugs By Gran's Method(การหาปริมาณตัวยาที่เป็นกรดอ่อนโดยวิธีของแกรน), M. Pathipvanich, S. Rujirawat, S. Arttamangkul

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

End point volume determinations by Gran's method were shown to be as accurate and reproducible as that of the reference nonaqueous titration methods which are described in the USP XXI. Gran's method gave satisfactory results even in cases which the union...

Quantitative Determination Of Weak Acidic Drugs In Mixed Solvents Using Gran's Method(การหาปริมาณตัวยาที่เป็นกรดอ่อนด้วยวิธีของแกรน ในตัวทำละล..., M. Pathipvanich, S. Rujirawat, J. Sukbuntherng

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Gran's method for determination of end point of potentiometric titration was extended to mixed organic/ aqueous solvent systems. In general, the calculated percentage purities of the acidic drugs were statistically indifferent from that obtained with the...

อาการแพ้-Allergy, สุกัญญา เจษฏานนท์

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

บทความนี้กล่าวถึงกลไกและรูปแบบต่างๆ ของการเกิดอาการแพ้ อาการสารที่หลั่งและองค์ประกอบทา...

เทคโนโลยีชีวภาพในประเทศไทยกับ การประยุกต์ในทางเภสัชกรรม, วันชัย ดีเอกนามกูล

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

No abstract provided.