Pharmacology, Toxicology and Environmental Health Commons^™

Not Coming Home: The Flaws In Skilled Nursing Facilities And Their Contribution To Cyclical Hospitalizations Of Post-Acute Patients, Kate Eisenbraun

Pitzer Senior Theses

This literature review will discuss the experience of patients within the US healthcare system, focusing on skilled nursing facilities (SNFs) and their contribution to cyclical hospitalizations. SNFs differ from nursing homes and other long-term care facilities by providing short-term, post-operational rehabilitation at a cost lower than what is offered at hospitals. Despite their critical role, SNFs often face fundamental issues, such as understaffing, underfunding, and staff burn-out, which result in lower quality patient care. This thesis argues that the issues faced by SNFs are a result of inconsistencies with state and federal staffing regulations, as well as inadequate insurance reimbursements. …

Building Tools For Improved Modulation Of The Human Gabaa Receptor, A Central Nervous System Target For The Treatment Of Anxiety, Garrett Edward Zinck

Theses and Dissertations--Pharmacy

In the U.S., anxiety is recognized as an increasing range of mentally and physically debilitating psychiatric health disorders with significant economic repercussions. Over the last 20 years, several novel anti-anxiety therapies have entered the drug development pipeline, but none have made it to market.

The work in this dissertation focused on structurally modifying valerenic acid (VA), a structurally unique carboxylated sesquiterpene acid found in Valeriana officinalis. VA is putatively reported to have allosteric modulatory activity of the human GABA_A receptor, a ligand-gated ion channel responsible for attenuating neurotransmissions. Structural modeling of VA’s GABA_A receptor interaction suggests that …

Response Of Dopaminergic System To Cocaine Exposure, Recovery After Cocaine Abstinence, And Impact Of A Long-Acting Cocaine Hydrolase, Jing Deng

Theses and Dissertations--Pharmacy

Cocaine produces its physiological effects by targeting multiple proteins in the central nervous system, particularly by binding with dopamine transporter (DAT) to block the normal dopamine (DA) recycling process. This process along with the pleasure feeling would wear off shortly after the abstinence from the drug. However, chronic cocaine use is associated with neuroadaptations in the dopaminergic system, including increases in the density of DAT on plasma membrane of dopaminergic neurons. Given the critical role of DAT in neurotransmission, various studies have been carried out on animal models to learn its structure, function, and distribution. Long-standing evidence supports that DAT …

Climate Change And Environmental Sustainability Module: Activity Booklet, Fozia Parveen, Sara Hassan, Subhan Khan

Books

Dear readers (teachers, parents, and students), Thank you for accessing our activity booklet. The information booklet introduced concepts relating to climate change and environmental sustainability. In this booklet several cross cutting activities on various themes have been presented. The booklet contains ready-made activities containing but not limited to comic strips, experiments, conversations, writing, simple tag, cut and paste as well as research activities. We hope you enjoy, adapt and implement these activities in your community.

Climate Change And Environmental Sustainability Module: Information Booklet, Fozia Parveen, Sara Hassan, Subhan Khan

Books

No abstract provided.

Toxicity Of The Technology Critical Elements Germanium And Yttrium To Daphnia Magna And Hyalella Azteca And The Influence Of Toxicity Modifying Factors, Rashid Shah

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Technology critical elements (TCEs) are increasingly used in high and green technologies but there is little aquatic toxicity data for TCEs, particularly in fresh water. The objective of this study was to investigate the toxicity of two TCEs, Ge and Y, to Daphnia magna and Hyalella azteca and to understand the role of natural organic matter and cations on toxicity modification. Testing followed standard methods. The 48 h EC50 for D. magna was 11.6 (95% CI of 9.64-13.8) mg Ge/L based on measured dissolved concentrations at test end. The addition of NOM at 10 mg DOC/L resulted in a significant …

Evaluating The Effects Of Mechlorethamine On The Dermal-Epidermal Junction, Trishaal Janardhanam Raghavendra Rao

Theses and Dissertations

Sulfur Mustard (SM) is a chemical warfare agent first utilized on the battlefield more than 100 years ago. To the present time, no antidote to combat the dermatotoxicity of SM exists. Mechlorethamine (HN2) is a derivative of SM which is used in anticancer therapy. Dermal exposure of HN2 is associated with dermal-epidermal junction (DEJ) disruption (vesication) which limits its clinical usefulness. The primary purpose of the present study was to investigate the mechanisms of vesication caused by HN2 using an in vivo mouse ear vesicant model (MEVM). The ears of male or female C57BL/ 6J mice were exposed to a …

Virgin Coconut Oil Ameliorates Arsenic Hepatorenal Toxicity And No-Mediated Inflammation Through Suppression Of Oxidative Stress In Rats, Ademola C. Famurewa, Ekenechukwu K. Maduagwuna, Chinyere Aloke, Sharon O. Azubuike-Osu, Arunaksharan Narayanankutty

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Background: Compelling evidence has implicated oxidative stress as a leading mechanism for arsenic (As)-induced pathologies. We evaluated antioxidant effect of virgin coconut oil (VCO) against arsenic-induced oxidative stress-mediated hepatorenal damage in rats. Methods: Rats were randomly divided into three groups: Control group, as group, and VCO + As group. VCO was orally administered before and along with arsenic (10 mg/kg body weight, orally) for 21 days. Subsequently, serum liver enzymes, albumin (ALB), creatinine, urea, antioxidant enzymes, malondialdehyde, and nitric oxide (NO) level were evaluated. The histology of the tissues was analyzed with standard procedures. Results: Arsenic caused marked increases in …

Recent Advancements On Biological Activity Of Indole And Their Derivatives: A Review, Punet Kumar, Md Iftekhar Ahma, Sangam Singh, Mohammad Rizki Fadhil Pratam, Arun K. Mishra

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Indole, a versatile outstanding heterocyclic compound, engaged in numerous pharmacological properties due to their multiple biochemical processes. The remarkable indole moiety resembles with numerous protein structures. The fascinating molecular framework of indole makes its suitable for drug development. Indole derivatives mimic the peptides structure and bind reversibly to several enzymes, which contribute enormous opportunities to develop novel drugs with distinct mechanism of action. The presence of nitrogen-based heterocycles in several compounds has been investigated enormously as the core structures comprise several biologically appropriate molecules found active in different diseases. The investigations conducted worldwide have shown outstanding impact for scientists, working …

Metabolite Profiling And Activity Study Of Ethanol Extract Of Chrysophyllum Cainito L. Leaves In Increasing Bone Density In Male Mice, Burhan Ma’Arif, Kurniawan Hidayat Perdana Putra, Miftah Saiful ‘Arifin, Rukiana, Reyhan Amiruddin, Weka Sidha Bhagawan, Arief Suryadinata, Fidia Rizkia Inayatilah, Roihatul Muti’Ah, Agnis Aditama

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Phytoestrogen is a group compound which has an estrogen-like structure or function. One of its roles was in the bone formation. Chrysophyllum cainito L. is a plant that contains phytoestrogen. The purpose of this research is to determine the metabolite profile and activity of1ethanolpextract of C. cainitoxleaves to increase trabecular femur bone density in male mice. The metabolite profiling analysis was done using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry and analyzed using Masslynx 4.1 software. Four doses of ethanol extract of C. cainito leaves were prepared for treatment. Which are 2,14,48, and 316 mg/ body weight (BW) mice/day …

Acute And Sub-Acute Toxicity Profile Of Methanol Leaf Extract Of Geophila Obvallata On Renal And Hepatic Indices In Wistar Rats, Osafanme Lucky Iserhienrhien, Paulinus Ngozi Okolie

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Introduction: Geophila obvallata (Rubiaceae) is a medicinal herb used for the treatment of diseases associated with oxidative damage. Objective: The study investigated the toxic effects of acute and sub-acute oral doses of methanol extracts of G. obvallata (GOE) in rats. Materials and Methods: In acute toxicity study, extract doses of 1600, 2900, and 5000 mg/kg were orally administered. The rats were observed for signs of toxicity for 2 weeks. In sub-acute toxicity study, the extract was administered to rats at doses of 100, 500, and 1000 mg/kg for 28 days, while control rats received only water. At the end of …

Synthesis And Cytotoxic Activity Of N-(2,4-Dichloro)Benzoyl-N’-Phenylthiourea Against Human Breast Cancer Cell Line, Dini Kesuma, Anwar Medika, Tegar Achsendo Yuniarta

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Introduction: Urea- and thiourea-based compound has shown a potency to be further developed as anticancer compound. Objective: Another novel phenylthiourea analog (N-(2,4-dichloro)benzoyl-N’-phenylthiourea) was synthesized through Schotten-Baumann reaction followed by the assessment of its cytotoxic activity. Methods: N-(2,4-dichloro)benzoyl-N’-phenylthiourea was synthesized using N-Phenylthiourea and 2,4-dichlorobenzoyl chloride as starting materials. The reaction started at low temperature for 30 min followed by reflux for 8 h to yield target compound. Cytotoxicity assay was then performed against MCF-7, T47D, and Vero normal cell line. Results: The compound has been synthesized and its structure has been verified using infrared, 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), 13C-NMR, various 2D …

Job Scheduling For Stability Testing Of Pharmaceutical Products Using Mathematical Model, Kantanat Pridaphatrakun, Nuchanad Bunkerd, Netnawee Umin, Narueporn Sutanthavibul, Wipawee Tharmmaphornphilas, Phanphen Wattanaarsakit

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

The pharmaceutical industry plays an important role in the nation’s economy and society since pharmaceutical products are one of the factors that affect people’s lives and their health. At present, the domestic pharmaceutical industry is developing and adapting to meet the needs of customers and is also very competitive. Therefore, each stage of the production process must be as efficient as possible to achieve competitive advantages without compromising the product quality. One important process in production is pharmaceutical product stability testing, which ensures that the products have the necessary quality, efficacy, and safety. Managing time in a way that maximizes …

Analysis Of Pharmaceutical Inventory Management In A State Hospital In Myanmar, Mya Pann Thazin, Rungpetch Sakulbumrungsil

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Inventory management analysis for a state-level hospital pharmacy of Myanmar was conducted using ABC-VEN matrix analysis to identify the drug categories that require stringent management control. The annual expenditure of all drug items managed by pharmacy department for the years 2016 and 2017 was analyzed and application of ABC, VEN, and ABC-VEN matrix analysis was performed. The study showed that the average annual expenditure was 288,414 USD. Of the total 297 items of medicines, 7.7% (23), 16.8% (50), and 75.4% (224) were classified as A, B, and C category items, respectively, accounting for 70.4%, 19.7%, and 9.9% of drug expenditure. …

Effects Of The Mobile Serious Game (Herbarian) With Location-Based Learning On Students’ Retention Of Botanical Terms And Their Experiences, Sornkanok Vimolmangkang, Nattanichcha Kulthanachairojana, Taksina Chuanasa, Supotchana Sitthigool, Anuchai Theeraroungchaisri

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Background: A serious game was developed from the use of learning through drill and practice principle to enhance the knowledge memorizing together with the principle of game-based learning in education application. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of using game-based and location-based learning concepts on the student knowledge score and knowledge retention score. Methods: A mobile application game named “Herbarian” was developed and used in the pharmaceutical botany course as a part of the undergraduate pharmacy curriculum. The content in the game was botanical jargon linked to plant morphology. Twenty-one and 51 undergraduate students voluntarily used …

Hemogram Results And Renal Function Before And After Administration Of Black Cumin Seed Oil In Healthy Volunteers, Titiek Hidayati, Akrom Akrom, Sagiran Sagiran, Indrayanti Indrayanti

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Black cumin seed oil (BSCO) is widely used to maintain health and strengthen the people of Indonesia’s immune system and proved to be safe for kidneys. However, the effect of BSCO usage in a healthy kidney is remaining unknown. This study was aimed to determine the impact of the 20-day administration of BCSO on kidney function in healthy volunteers. We conducted a pre- and post-control design trial in 36 healthy volunteers. The volunteers had to hold a valid health certificate from the hospital, be willing to be involved in the research as evidenced by their willingness to complete and sign …

Improved Virus Inhibition By Microencapsulated Monoclonal Antibody Against Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus, Rachatapan Junchay, Patcharapong Thangsunan, Kittipat Supchukun, Jakarwan Yostawonkul, Sasithon Temisak, Kaewta Rattnapisit, Teerapong Yata, Waranyoo Phoolcharoen

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) has been affecting the swine industry, especially in suckling pigs with a high mortality rate. Among all the strategies to overcome PEDV, boosting mucosal immunity in the pig intestines through oral administration appears to be more efficient than other routes. However, there are biological obstacles such as an acidic environment that could damage biologics, a product from organisms often used for PEDV treatment. The plant-derived 2C10 monoclonal antibody (mAb) from Nicotiana benthamiana produced by transient expression was revealed as one of the potential candidates against PEDV through oral delivery. Herein, we demonstrated the calcium-alginate microencapsulation …

The Impact Of Pharmacists’ Interventions In Female Internal Medicine Ward At University-Based Hospital On Cost Savings And Cost Avoidance, Tanatape Wanishayakorn, Orawan Sae-Lim, Onnicha Suntornlohanakul, Pastraporn Yiengkulchao, Prayut Muangming, Natayu Chuerdee

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Background: Several studies have been conducted regarding the role of clinical pharmacist in the reduction of medical costs, the impact of clinical pharmacists in internal medicine wards on cost saving had been rarely studied. Objective: The objective of this study was to define the characteristics of drug-related problem (DRPs) and evaluate the effect on cost savings and cost avoidance by clinical pharmacists in female internal medicine ward at Songklanagarind Hospital. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis of pharmacists’ interventions recorded for 6 months was conducted. DRPs were categorized based on Pharmaceutical Care Network Europe V9.00. The interventions that were accepted …

Plaque Reduction Neutralization Test As A Method For Detecting Functional Neutralizing Antibodies Against Live Sars-Cov-2 Virus, Supaporn Phumiamorn, Skalin Trisiriwanich, Kornnika Kulabutar, Asmah Usoo, Thitiporn Somporn, Wipawee Wongchana, Sompong Sapsutthipas

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Introduction and objective: Since 2020, little is known about neutralizing antibody (NAb) responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a novel coronavirus emerging and causing COVID-19 in humans. Here, we established a plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) to use as a method for detecting functional NAbs to SARS-CoV-2. Materials and Method: Vero cells were used as target cells for infection with the new coronavirus and cytopathic effects were obviously exhibited. Results: The development of plaque reduction after neutralization of virus with diluted specific antiserum was assessed according to a dose-response effect and consistency of test results with pooled …

The Successful Treatment Of Brevundimonas Diminuta Using Ceftriaxone, In A Patient On Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis: A Case Report And Literature Review, Sukrit Kanchanasurakit, Natnicha Woranithipokin, Piyakamol Teeranaew, Natthawee Kaewrattanapatthama, Chotirat Nakaranurack

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Brevundimonas diminuta (B. diminuta) is found in the healthcare environment and in the community. At present, there are few reports of infections caused by this microorganism, especially in patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). A 44-year-old woman undergoing CAPD was diagnosed with a B. diminuta infection. Ceftriaxone was given both intravenously and intraperitoneally. After treatment with ceftriaxone, the peritoneal dialysis fluid white cell count, neutrophil count, and symptoms improved. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of a B. diminuta infection in a patient had undergoing CAPD in Thailand.

Study On Post Approval Source Change Of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient In The Finished Product And Its Regulatory Requirements In Eu And Us, Kalpana Kamnoore, M. P. Venkatesh, T.M. Pramod Kumar

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Post approval changes are changes to any characteristic of pharmaceutical product after approval. Certificate of suitability of European pharmacopoeia (CEP) and drug master file (DMF) are two mechanisms for active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) registration. Regulatory requirements vary for each mechanism. This study focused on regulatory requirements for post approval API source change in the European Union (EU) and USA; and to delve on the mechanism of post approval API source changes in the USA and EU. To improve quality of the API, the most of the pharmaceutical industries concentrate on CEP certified source instead of DMF as CEP assures compliance …

Impaired Β-Cell Neogenesis In A Mouse Model Of Metabolic Syndrome, Modhi Abdullah Alshammari

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

Pancreatic islet β-cell plays an essential role in insulin release and hence glucose homeostasis. The maintenance of glucose homeostasis depends on β-cell ability to cope with enough insulin to fulfill metabolic and physiological demands. Adequate insulin release is the result of highly complex and dynamic interplays between acute changes in β- cell electrical activity, exocytosis and chronic adaptations in cellular function, volume, mass and proliferation. All of this appears modulated, to some extent, by the functional presence of Slc12a2 symporters, also known as Na+K+2Cl– cotransporter-1 (Nkcc1), which accumulates intracellular Cl– above its electrochemical equilibrium. Recent studies from our laboratory showed …

Exploiting Modulation Of The Blood-Brain And Blood-Tumor Barrier Permeability By Translational Focused Ultrasound For Therapeutic Delivery To Cns Metastases, Tasneem A. Arsiwala

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Transcranial low-intensity focused ultrasound is a unique technology to modulate the integrity of tight endothelial junctions and transiently increase BBB/BTB permeability to enhance therapeutic delivery. Despite promising early studies, present literature lacks agreement on key experimental conditions, which restricts our knowledge and the technique's widespread translation. This dissertation first provides a critical review of the current gaps in knowledge regarding the universal use of LiFUS in preclinical and clinical use. We then identify key parameters for translational and predictable opening of the BBB using a 3T MRI coupled with a clinical device. Our investigation highlights that passive permeability of the …

Understanding The Environmental Implications Of The Microbiome Of Canals In Bangkok, Thailand, Emma Tao

Scripps Senior Theses

The canals of Bangkok, Thailand hold significant economic and social value, yet the increasing urbanization of the city has resulted in increased water pollution. Agricultural runoff and urban waste contribute to the degradation of the water quality, which has impaired its safe usage by the people of the city. This study focused on analyzing the microbiome of the water in the canals in correlation with the surrounding environment, both in and out of the water. Ten sites along the Bangkok canals were analyzed. DNA was isolated for the sequencing of the 16s rRNA gene to determine the microbial diversity of …

The Effect Of Acute And Chronic Arsenic Exposure On Malignant Transformation Of The Human Bronchial Epithelial Cell (Beas-2b), Bandar Almutairy

Wayne State University Dissertations

Arsenic (As3+), a metalloid abundant in the environment, is classified as a group I carcinogen associated with several common human cancers, including cancers in the lung, skin, bladder, liver, and prostate (Wei, Zhang & Tao, 2019b). The mechanisms of As3+-induced carcinogenesis had been extensively studied, and different mechanisms might be involved in various types of cancer (Wei, Zhang & Tao, 2019b). Recent studies showed that exposure to a high dose of arsenic is able to induce lung cancer. Moreover, arsenic activates oncogenic signaling pathways such as MAPKs, EGFR/RAS/RAF, PI3K/AKT, and JNK/STAT3 pathways as well as epigenetic alterations such as miRNAs …

Ammonia Cycling And Emerging Particulate Matter Pollutants Under Arable Land-Use Management: A Modelling Approach, Vivien Pohl

Doctoral

Air quality monitoring in Ireland is under the jurisdiction of the Environmental Protection Agency in compliance with the Gothenburg Protocol, EU/national legislation, and the National Clean Air Strategy. Particulate Matter (PM) has been acknowledged as a key atmospheric pollutant, with serious public health impacts and no safe threshold of exposure in place to-date. Ammonia (NH3) emissions are linked to the secondary production of PM through atmospheric reactions occurring with acidic atmospheric components such as sulfuric acid, nitric acid, and hydrochloric acid. These reactions result in the formation of ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate and ammonium chloride, among others. More than 95% …

The Effect Of Pioglitazone On Phosphoproteome And Interactome Of Protein Phosphatase 2a In Primary Human Skeletal Muscle Cells, Lana Alghanem

Wayne State University Dissertations

Skeletal muscle insulin resistance is one of the main contributors to Type 2 Diabetes (T2D), which is a chronic disease affecting 37.3 million people in United States (US), with an estimated annual cost exceeding $300 billion in the US. T2D is being treated with a variety of medications, including Pioglitazone (PIO), a potent insulin sensitizer for skeletal muscle. PIO is a synthetic ligand for the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR-γ), nuclear receptors regulating the expression of many genes involved in lipid and glucose metabolism. To date, the molecular action of PIO that sensitizes muscle to insulin is incompletely understood. Protein phosphorylation …

Unleaded: Montana’S Silent Epidemic, Erica Zurek

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Lead is a cumulative toxin that can affect multiple systems in the human body. Exposure occurs through various sources, such as outdated and deteriorating infrastructure, paint, soil and drinking water. This project, a three-part audio series on lead exposure in Montana highlights various paths of exposure and how young children under age six years of age are particularly vulnerable. Part one is a story about a new state requirement to test all k-12 schools for lead in water fixtures. Part two: A house remodel exposes a family’s children to lead. Getting a diagnosis wasn’t easy. Part three: A look at …

Toxic Effects Of Silver Ions On Early Developing Zebrafish Embryos Distinguished From Silver Nanoparticles, Martha S. Johnson, Preeyaporn Songkiatisak, Pavan Kumar Cherukuri, Xiao-Hong Nancy Xu

Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Publications

Currently, effects of nanomaterials and their ions, such as silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) and silver ions (Ag⁺), on living organisms are not yet fully understood. One of the vital questions is whether nanomaterials have distinctive effects on living organisms from any other conventional chemicals (e.g., their ions), owing to their unique physicochemical properties. Due to various experimental protocols, studies of this crucial question have been inconclusive, which hinders rational design of effective regulatory guidelines for safely handling NPs. In this study, we chronically exposed early developing zebrafish embryos (cleavage-stage, 2 hours post-fertilization, hpf) to a dilution series of …

Fair Resource Allocation To Reduce Inequalities In Criminal Justice & Healthcare, Alex Liu, Alexia Rodrigues

Discovery Undergraduate Interdisciplinary Research Internship

Together, we are working to identify discrepancies in the criminal justice system that put substance users at an unfair advantage for possible treatment and success in the future. This is done by modeling regressions involving the arrest-rates, developing charts to show the patterns of past arrests, and tracking the resources available for substance users. By doing this, we provide models to the local sheriff office that forecasts incoming inmates which allows the office to prepare accordingly. On the flip side, we are working to create a prediction model that exemplifies the risk of relapse for substance users. Ultimately, our goal …