Kinesiology Commons^™

The Perceptions Of High School Physical Educators On The Benefits Of Block Scheduling In The State Of Utah, Marilyn Miller

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this research was to examine the extent to which the block schedule is being used in Utah high school physical education, and determine teacher's perceptions of block scheduling in teaching physical education. Block scheduling is a new and more efficient way of organizing the school day. NASPE has found the following positive effects in block scheduling: a better learning environment, more access to stronger curriculum, detailed instruction and demonstrations, and more variety in assessment (NASPE, 2000). Although there were several different forms of the block schedule reported, it appears that a majority of physical educators have discovered …

Time Efficiency In Computer Assisted Direct Observation Of Physical Activity Using Sofit, Trisha Anderson

Theses and Dissertations

Having valid and reliable methods for assessing physical activity levels is critical to understanding physical activity patterns. Direct observation is a widely used technique for obtaining contextually rich data on physical activity levels in physical education classes. One major limitation of direct observation is that it is time intensive. The use of digital video editing software programs may lessen the amount of time needed to gather the data. The purpose of this study was to compare the amount of time needed to obtain SOFIT (System for Observing Fitness Instruction Time) physical activity data using the traditional paper and pencil method …

The Association Between Changes In Body Fat, Body Weight And Serum C-Reactive Protein: A Prospective Study, Benjamin Thomas Bikman

Theses and Dissertations

Objective- To investigate the extent to which changes in body fat percentage (BF%) and weight (BW) relate to changes in C-reactive protein (CRP) in women, while statistically controlling for possible confounders, such as age, initial body weight, and menopause status.

Methods and Results- A cohort of 150 free-living subjects was followed prospectively over a 2½-year period. BF% was measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), while BW was determined with a calibrated, electronic scale. There was no significant relationship between changes in BF% and CRP, regardless of age, initial BW, and menopause status. However, changes in BW were predictive of …

Soft Drink Consumption And Changes In Body Composition In 170 Women: A 4-Year Prospective Study, Jared Michael Tucker

Theses and Dissertations

Background: In recent history, there have been significant increases in both soft drink consumption and the prevalence of obesity throughout the developed world. To help curb the obesity epidemic, a better understanding of the behaviors contributing to weight and fat gain is vital.

Objective: To examine the extent to which soft drink consumption is predictive of changes in body composition in middle-aged women over a 4-year period, while statistically controlling for age, energy intake, physical activity, and menopause status.

Design: A prospective cohort design over 48 months with no intervention. Self-reported soft drink consumption was used to predict changes in …

The National Weight Control Registry: Is It Useful In Helping Deal With Our Obesity Epidemic?, James O. Hill, Holly Wyatt, Suzanne Phelan, Rena Wing

Kinesiology and Public Health

The National Weight Control Registry (NWCR) consists of over 4800 individuals who have been successful in long-term weight loss maintenance. The purpose of establishing the NWCR was to identify the common characteristics of those who succeed in long-term weight loss maintenance. We found very little similarity in how these individuals lost weight but some common behaviors in how they are keeping their weight off. To maintain their weight loss NWCR participants report eating a relatively low-fat diet, eating breakfast almost every day, weighing themselves regularly, and engaging in high levels (about 1 hour/day) of physical activity. Because this is not …

Comparison Of Intakes Of Us Chinese Women Based On Food Frequency And 24-Hour Recall Data, Marilyn Tseng, Teresita Hernandez

Kinesiology and Public Health

The objective of this cross-sectional study was to compare dietary reports from a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) for US Chinese women with 24-hour recall estimates. The subjects were 56 women recruited through organizations in Philadelphia’s Chinese community. Spearman correlations were used to describe FFQ estimates of food servings per month and nutrient intake per day vs estimates from three 24-hour recalls over 1 month. On average, women reported at least weekly consumption of 28 of 96 FFQ food items. The three most frequently consumed were rice (38 times/month), tea (29 times/ month), and dark green, leafy vegetables (18 times/ month). …

A Social Cognitive Perspective Of Physical-Activity-Related Behavior In Physical Education, Jeffrey J. Martin, Pamela Hodges Kulinna

Kinesiology, Health and Sport Studies

The purpose of the current study was to examine student and teacher physical-activity-related behavior using the theory of planned behavior and self-efficacy theory. Although teachers reported an overwhelmingly positive attitude toward teaching physical activity lessons to promote fitness development, they only devoted 4% of their class time to actually demonstrating and promoting fitness. Students were quite sedentary during class spending 61% of class time sitting, standing, or lying down. Using hierarchical regression analyses, teachers' attitudes toward teaching physically active physical education classes accounted for 50% of the variance in teachers' intention. Teachers who demonstrated/promoted fitness and who limited their general …

Lower Extremity Motion Analysis Patterns During Various Foot-Landing Styles, Nelson Cortes

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Theses & Dissertations

Walking, running, and jumping are considered essential human movement activities that occur on a daily basis. In every landing task, the lower extremity needs to dissipate and absorb the energy that is created by the landing height. In addition, more dissipation is normally needed when landing from higher jumps, which increases the work that needs to be done by joints, muscles, and bones in order to prevent injury. Great amounts of load during a landing have the potential to induce injuries, particularly in the ankle and knee complex. In many sports, such as soccer, basketball, football, and volleyball, there is …

Effects Of Gender And Hypovolemia On Sympathetic Neural Responses To Orthostatic Stress, Qi Fu, Sarah Witkowski, Kazunobu Okazaki, Benjamin D. Levine

Exercise and Sport Studies: Faculty Publications

We tested the hypothesis that women have blunted sympathetic neural responses to orthostatic stress compared with men, which may be elicited under hypovolemic conditions. Muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) and hemodynamics were measured in eight healthy young women and seven men in supine position and during 6 min of 60° head-up tilt (HUT) under normovolemic and hypovolemic conditions (randomly), with ∼4-wk interval. Acute hypovolemia was produced by diuretic (furosemide) administration ∼2 h before testing. Orthostatic tolerance was determined by progressive lower body negative pressure to presyncope. We found that furosemide produced an ∼13% reduction in plasma volume, causing a similar …

Optimal Ankle Axis Position For Articulated Footwear, Dustin A. Bruening, James G. Richards

Faculty Publications

An articulated boot design is commonly used in skiing and skating sports because it allows sagittal plane ankle mobility while still providing critical frontal plane stability. Although articulated boots have been in use for several decades, current manufacturers of these boots differ in their articulation placement. In this study we determined an optimal position of the ankle articulation axis. We also calculated the amount of anterior skin movement that a boot tongue must account for during a full range of ankle motion. Three‐dimensional kinematic data were collected and analyzed from 40 participants moving their right foot through a full range …

Wright State University College Of Education And Human Services Annual Report, July 1, 2004-June 30, 2005, College Of Education And Human Services, Wright State University

College of Education and Human Services Annual Reports

This Wright State University College of Education and Human Services annual report is from July 1, 2004 through June 30, 2005.

Whole-Body Vibration And Its Effects On Electromechanical Delay And Vertical Jump Performance, Deja Lee Stevenson

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of whole-body vibration on electromechanical delay and vertical jump performance. Twenty college aged subjects participated in 10 intervals of whole-body vibration (WBV) at a frequency of 26 Hz and amplitude of 5 mm. Each interval consisted of 60 s of WBV in a half-squat followed by 60 s of rest. After 5 intervals, subjects had 6 min of rest before the final 5 intervals. Each subject also participated in the control which included the same 10 intervals in a half-squat without the WBV. Tests were conducted to assess electromechanical delay …

Physiological Profile Of Olympic Style Tae Kwon Do Match, Georgios C. Korellis

Student Work

Olympic style Tae Kwon Do training may achieve accepted training intensity threshold for effective aerobic capacity training, energy expenditure thresholds and elevation in excess post-exercise oxygen consumption. Little work regarding the acute metabolic demands during Olympic style Tae Kwon Do competition has been done before. The purpose of this study was to examine the physiological demands of a match in Olympic style Tae Kwon Do. Physiological assessment included measurement of oxygen uptake (V 02), heart rate (HR), blood lactate concentration (BL), rate of perceived exertion (RPE) and body temperature (BT).

A total of 7 subjects between the ages of 19 …

Amount Of Food Group Variety Consumed In The Diet And Long-Term Weight Loss Maintenance, Hollie A. Raynor, Robert W. Jeffery, Suzanne Phelan, James O. Hill, Rena R. Wing

Kinesiology and Public Health

Objective: Decreases in variety of foods consumed within high-fat-dense food groups and increases in variety of foods consumed within low-fat-dense food groups are associated with lower energy intake and greater weight loss during obesity treatment and may assist with weight loss maintenance. This study examined food group variety in 2237 weight loss maintainers in the National Weight Control Registry, who had lost 32.2 ± 18.0 kg (70.9 ± 39.5 lbs) and maintained a weight loss of at least 13.6 kg (30 lbs) for 6.1 ± 7.7 years.
Research Methods and Procedures: At entry into the registry, registry members completed a …

Effects Of Type Of Instruction On Ground Reaction Forces In Jump Landing, Janet Leu

Honors Capstones

No abstract provided.

Acute Physiological Responses And Psychological Perceptions Of Various Resistance Training Regimens, William J. Vincent

Student Work

The purpose of the current study was to examine the effects of four different resistance training protocols associated with periodization of resistance training on the biological signals that are associated with exercise regimens to increase muscle hypertrophy. A secondary purpose was to compare the ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) in the four weight training regimens.

A total of eight male resistance trainers within the ages of 23-35 served as subjects for this study. On the first visit all had a baseline blood assay drawn to measure human growth hormone (hGH) and testosterone (T) and their 5 repetition maximum (RM) strength …

The Effect Of Teaching With Acoustical Guidance (Tag) On The Mastery Of A Grand Rond De Jambe (En Dehors) And A Ballotte, Heidi Dutch Schneider

Theses and Dissertations

This study examined the effect of Teaching with Acoustical Guidance (TAG) on the mastery of two ballet skills, the Grand Rond de Jambe (en dehors) and a Ballotte'. Dance technique classes still follow traditional methods of teaching and mastering skills without much integration of motor learning concepts. TAG Teach is a method that uses positive reinforcement, shaping, and a hand held device that produces an acoustic sound to mark correct behaviors at the moment they occur. The purpose of this study was to determine if TAG was a faster and more effective technique to aid in the mastery of two …

The Effects Physical Activity Has On The Menstrual Cycle Characteristics Between Two Groups Of High School Athletes And One Group Of High School Non-Athletes, Yolanda D. Robinson

Theses and Dissertations - UTB/UTPA

The purpose of this study was to assess and compare the menstrual cycle characteristics between two groups of high school athletes and one group of high school non-athletes. The study consisted of 30 high school females from Donna High School. The participants consisted of ten female basketball athletes from the Donna High School Basketball Team (14.5 ± 4.5 years), ten female volleyball athletes from the Donna High School Volleyball Team (14.5 ± 4.5 years) and ten females (14.5 ± 4.5 years) that were randomly picked out of the general female population of the Donna High School that do not participate …

Physical Activity Context And University Students Propensity To Meet The Centers For Disease Control And Prevention/American College Of Sports Medicine Guidelines, Shauna M. Burke, Albert V. Carron, Mark Eys

Kinesiology and Physical Education Faculty Publications

Background: Previous research shows that exercise context is important for exercise adherence – exercising alone is associated with reduced adherence whereas exercising with others is associated with increased adherence. The purpose of the study was to examine whether exercising in one or a combination of four contexts for physical activity (in a structured class, with others outside of a structured class, alone but in an exercise setting, and completely alone) is related to the degree to which university students meet prescribed (i.e., CDC/ACSM) guidelines for aerobic activity.

Material/Methods: Males (n=196) and females (n=398) completed a self-reported physical activity questionnaire pertaining …

The Effects Of Different Warm-Up Strategies In Olympic Weightlifting, Joshua Redden

McNair Scholars Research Journal

This study investigated the effects of two types of warm up routines utilizing the clean pull movement on maximal ground reaction force and barbell velocity during the second pull phase of the full clean movement. Five male and female national caliber weightlifters randomly completed a control condition (C) or one of two treatment conditions (T1, T2) in a crossover design. The control condition served to establish baseline data against which the kinematic and kinetic parameters of the two treatment conditions were compared. A repeated measures ANOVA was used to compare means between conditions. No significant differences were found between C, …

Involving Support Partners In Obesity Treatment, Amy Gorin, Suzanne Phelan, Deborah Tate, Nancy Sherwood, Robert Jeffery, Rena R. Wing

Kinesiology and Public Health

In this study, the authors examined whether the number or success of weight loss partners influences participants' outcomes in behavioral weight loss treatment. Overweight participants (n = 109) assigned to an exercise intensive group in a larger trial were encouraged to invite up to 3 partners to attend treatment. Weight losses at 6, 12, and 18 months were not associated with the number of partners (0-3) but were associated with the weight loss success of the partners. Participants with at least 1 successful partner (weight loss ≥10% at 6 months) lost significantly (p = .004) more weight at 6, 12, …

A Comparison Of The Clinical And Cost-Effectiveness Of 3 Intervention Strategies For Aids Wasting, Abby H. Shevitz, Ira B. Wilson, Ann Y. Mcdermott, Donna Spiegelman, Sarah C. Skinner, Kristina Antonsson, Jennifer E. Layne, Aaron Beaston-Blaakman, Donald S. Shepard, Sherwood L. Gorbach

Kinesiology and Public Health

To compare oxandrolone (OX) or strength training with nutrition alone (NA) for AIDS wasting.

Emg Analysis Of Core And Thigh Musculature Contribution During Double And Single Leg Squats On Both Stable And Unstable Surfaces, Julie M. Whitehead

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Theses & Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to determine EMG activity of the hip stabilizers, thigh, and core muscles during various squatting exercises in order to better appreciate the contribution of the core and thigh during weight bearing functional activity. Surface EMG electrodes were placed over the rectus abdominis (RA), internal oblique (IO), external oblique (EO), erector spinae (ES), vastus medialis (VM), biceps femoris (BF), and gluteus medius (GM). The right leg was used for any single leg exercises perforn1ed. Each subject performed three double leg and three single leg un-weighted squats to 60 degrees of knee flexion on a stable …

The Immediate Effect Of Cryotherapy At The Ankle Joint On Postural Control, Bradley W. Sage

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Theses & Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to determine the immediate effect of cryotherapy at the ankle joint on measures of static and dynamic postural control. Scores for the chronically unstable ankle were analyzed during a static and dynamic stability test through the use of video analysis. The static test consisted of each subject performing a single leg stance on a multi-axial progressive balance board for one minute. The dynamic test consisted of each subject performing an agility hop test, in which they "hopped" to each of six squares marked on the floor in sequential order. The dependent measure for each …

The Difference In Hr Response Between Track And Treadmill Running At A Pre-Determined, Self-Selected Pace, Marisha Corey

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not differences exist in heart rate (HR) between jogging on the track and jogging on the treadmill at the same speed. Twenty-four college-age (19-31 years old) male (n = 12) and female (n = 12) recreational runners volunteered to participate in this study. Each participant performed a maximal graded exercise test (GXT) and four exercise sessions. During the first exercise session, participants completed a 1-mile steady-state jog on either the track or treadmill at a self-selected submaximal pace that could be maintained for 30 minutes. The following three exercise sessions …

Differences In Maximal Speed Running Between Baseball Players And Sprinters, Erin Kathleen Robinson

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to examine the differences in technique between sprinters and baseball players while running at maximal speeds. 20 male NCAA Division I athletes participated; ten members of the track and field team specializing in the 100 m or 200 m sprint or the 100 m hurdles and ten members of the baseball team. Each subject performed a maximal effort 80 m sprint while their sprint times were recorded every 10 m starting at the 20 m mark. Each subject was filmed at they ran through a set10 m marking that included where they reached their …

Effects Of Same-Day Strength Training On Serve Performance In Female Collegiate Tennis Players, Staci Kayleen Reynolds

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of same-day strength training on velocity and accuracy of a tennis serve among five female Division I intercollegiate athletes at the second and sixth week of a strength training program. Velocity and accuracy of 20 tennis serves were measured approximately four hours after a morning split-body (lower legs and trunk) strength training session termed the lift-day (LD) and were compared to measures taken on days that no lifting took place, termed the non-lift day (NLD). For each test day, velocity was multiplied by accuracy to provide an overall serve performance …

The Effects Of Choice On Student Motivation And Physical Activity Behavior In Physical Education, Jillian Ward

Theses and Dissertations

Public school physical educators have the opportunity to help students understand the importance of engaging in regular physical activity in order to combat America's obesity problem. However, students are often unmotivated to participate in their physical education classes. Providing students with an autonomy supportive environment increases intrinsic motivation. Self-determination theory states that higher levels of intrinsic motivation should lead to an increase in behavior, or higher activity levels in a physical education class. This study examined (a) the effects of increased autonomy on self-determination, and (b) the effects of increased autonomy on physical activity levels. Seventh and eighth grade girls …

Effects Of Neuromuscular Training On The Dynamic Restraint Characteristics Of The Ankle, Christena Linford

Theses and Dissertations

Objective: To examine the influence of a 6-week training program on the electromechanical delay (EMD) and reaction time of the peroneus longus muscle.

Design and Setting: The study was guided by a 2 x 2 factorial design with repeated measures on the time factor. The independent variables for this study were group (training and control) and time (pre- and post-training). Dependent variables for this study were muscle reaction time and electromechanical delay of the peroneus longus muscle.

Subjects: Thirty-six healthy, physically active, college-age (21.8 ± 2.3 yr) male and female (M = 14, F = 28, height = 173.7 ± …

The Impact Of A University Wellness Requirement On Student Nutrition And Physical Activity Behavior, Lisa Marie Blaser

Theses and Dissertations

Purpose: The Brigham Young University General Education Wellness Program has three options available to students to fulfill the programs requirement. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of these three wellness options. Specifically we wanted to know; does the university wellness requirement affect student nutrition and physical activity behaviors and do the various options available differ in their abilities to impact student nutrition and physical activity behaviors?

Methods: A three-group pretest/posttest design was used and a survey was administered, at both the beginning and end of the semester, to all students enrolled in HEPE 129, live and …