Kinesiology Commons^™

Gender Differences And Biomechanics In The 3000m Steeplechase Water Jump, Kassi R. Andersen, Bryan K. Lindsay, Iain Hunter

Faculty Publications

Since 1996, women have been competing in the 3000m steeplechase race internationally. Whenever women and men both compete in similar events with different equipment (the barriers are lower for women) consideration should be given as to how techniques should be coached differently. This study investigated the differences in water-jump technique between men and women after accounting for differences in running speed and which techniques led to maintenance of race pace through the water-jump. Eighteen men and 18 women were filmed at two major track and field meets during the 2004 season. Peak Motus 8.2 was used to digitize all seven …

Long-Distance Interval Training Following Pre-Cooling With An Ice Vest, Ronald L. Hager, Iain Hunter, Gary W. Mack, Andrew R. Tegeder

Faculty Publications

This study evaluated how preparing for an interval workout, while wearing a cooling vest, affects core temperature (Tc), heart rate (HR), and interval time in long-distance runners. Nineteen male collegiate cross-country runners exercised under two different conditions: (a) wearing a Nike PreCool™ ice vest for one hour prior to the workout (30 minutes resting with the vest and 30 minutes while performing their warm-up); and (b) a control condition utilizing a traditional warm-up. Subjects performed 8 x 1000 m intervals. HR and Tc were measured prior to warm-up, immediately before the first interval, and after each interval. Tc measured before …

Relationship Of Vo2 Peak, Body Fat Percentage, And Power Output Measured During Repeated Bouts Of A Wingate Protocol, John R. Mclester‡, J. Matthew Green‡, P. Jason Wickwire†, Thaddeus R. Crews‡

International Journal of Exercise Science

The principle of specificity would indicate that being aerobically trained would not necessarily enhance performance in events relying principally on oxygen-independent metabolic pathways (i.e. “anaerobic” exercise). Body fatness may be associated with aerobic and anaerobic performance. VO2 Peak was determined with a graded cycle ergometry and, in a separate session 4 consecutive Wingate power tests (3 min recovery) in 31 males. Pearson correlations were calculated for VO2 Peak and Body Fat Percentage with Peak Power, Mean Power, Minimum Power, Fatigue Index, Peak Heart Rate, and Recovery Heart Rate. No significant correlations were found for VO2 Peak or Body Fat Percentage …

Motor Function Responses To Induced Pain And Cryotherapy, Blaine Cletus Long

Theses and Dissertations

Objective: Establish and validate an experimental pain model that will create pain for at least 20-minutes and then use the model to determine if: 1) cryotherapy decreases experimentally induced pain, 2) experimentally induced pain contributes to arthrogenic muscle inhibition, and 3) cold application influences pain or arthrogenic muscle inhibition. To answer these questions we conducted two experiments, the results of which are presented in two manuscripts. Methods: Seventy (n = 30 for experiment I and n = 40 for experiment II), physically active healthy male subjects participated. Interventions: Independent variables used for experiment I were condition (5% hypertonic saline infusion/cryotherapy, …

Exercise Induced Alterations In Rat Monocyte Number, Morphology, And Function, Marcia Guereschi†, Jonato Prestes‡, Felipe Donatto‡, Rodrigo Dias‡, Anelena Frollini‡, Clílton Ferreira‡, Claudia Cavaglieri‡, Adrianne Palanch‡

International Journal of Exercise Science

The purpose of this study was to verify the histophysiological alterations in monocytes and macrophages induced by short periods of exercise. Male Wistar rats (age = 2 months, body weight = 200g) were divided into seven groups (N=6 each): sedentary control (C), groups exercised (swimming) at low intensity for 5 (5L), 10 (10L), and 15 minutes (15L), and groups exercised at moderate intensity for 5 (5M), 10 (10M) or 15 minutes (15M). At moderate intensity the animals carried a load of 5% of body weight on their backs. Blood monocytes were evaluated for quantity and morphology, and peritoneal macrophages were …

Communicator, May 2008, San Jose State University, Department Of Kinesiology

Communicator (Kinesiology)

Volume 21, Issue 4

Effects Of Exercise Induced Fatigue On Postural Balance: A Comparison Of Treadmill Versus Cycle Fatiguing Protocols, Katherine Wright

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of muscle fatigue after a treadmill versus cycle ergometer incremental test on postural balance indices and recovery time recreationally trained individuals. The Bruce Treadmill Test and the Incremental Cycle Ergometer test were used to induce fatigue. Each subject (N=16) performed both exercises, but the order of the exercises was randomized. The subjects performed balance measures on a Biodex Balance System via the Dynamic Balance Test at level 5 and indices were recorded as given. Balance was measured a total of nine times (pre-exercise, immediately post, and at 3, 6, 9, …

Ground Reaction Force Profiles In Acl Reconstructed Female Athletes, Ashley Mcgavern

Kinesiology Theses - Archive

Injury to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) has become a global topic of research, as the number of injuries is staggering and continues to increase each year because the underlying elements contributing to this injury have yet to be fully grasped. It is estimated that 80,000 – 250,000 ACL injuries occur annually in female athletics.(45) As a result, an estimated number of 100,000 ACL reconstructions are performed annually.(2) The uncertainty involving the contributing causes of this injury has naturally ushered uncertainty involving the treatment of the injury, i.e. surgical repair and subsequent rehabilitation. Although considerable gains toward improving surgical procedure …

Exercise, Apoe, And Working Memory: Meg And Behavioral Evidence For Benefit Of Exercise In Epsilon4 Carriers, Sean P. Deeny, David Poeppel, Jo B. Zimmerman, Stephen M. Roth, Josef Brandauer, Sarah Witkowski, Joseph W. Hearn, Andrew T. Ludlow, José L. Contreras-Vidal, Jason Brandt, Bradley D. Hatfield

Exercise and Sport Studies: Faculty Publications

Performance on the Sternberg working memory task, and MEG cortical response on a variation of the Sternberg task were examined in middle-aged carriers and non-carriers of the APOE ε4 allele. Physical activity was also assessed to examine whether exercise level modifies the relationship between APOE genotype and neurocognitive function. Regression revealed that high physical activity was associated with faster RT in the six- and eight-letter conditions of the Sternberg in ε4 carriers, but not in the non-carriers after controlling for age, gender, and education (N = 54). Furthermore, the MEG analysis revealed that sedentary ε4 carriers exhibited lower right temporal …

Distinct Timing Mechanisms Produce Discrete And Continuous Movements, Raoul Huys, Breanna E. Studenka, Nicole L. Rheaume, Howard N. Zelaznik, Viktor K. Jirsa

Kinesiology and Health Science Faculty Publications

The differentiation of discrete and continuous movement is one of the pillars of motor behavior classification. Discrete movements have a definite beginning and end, whereas continuous movements do not have such discriminable end points. In the past decade there has been vigorous debate whether this classification implies different control processes. This debate up until the present has been empirically based. Here, we present an unambiguous non-empirical classification based on theorems in dynamical system theory that sets discrete and continuous movements apart. Through computational simulations of representative modes of each class and topological analysis of the flow in state space, we …

Changes In Emg And Finger Force With Repeated Hangs From The Hands In Rock Climbers, Phillip B. Watts‡, Randall L. Jensen‡, Sara M. Agena†, John A. Majchrzak†, Rebecca A. Schellinger†, Cory S. Wubbels†

International Journal of Exercise Science

The nature and degree of fatigue in muscles that control finger position during repeated sustained efforts in rock climbing have not been described. The purpose of this study was to identify changes in maximum hang time and forearm electromyogram (EMG) during repeated maximum duration hangs from a simulated rock feature. A second objective was to determine the effect of different recovery times between hangs upon changes in finger force. Five experienced rock climbers performed 2 test sessions on different days in a randomized order. Each session involved 8 repetitions of a maximum duration hang with either 1 min (R1) or …

Do The Principles Of Motor Program Editing Apply To Longer Sequences Of Rapid Aiming Movements? Part Ii, Eric J. Wilson*, David E. Sherwood‡

International Journal of Exercise Science

In Part I of this study, it was shown that performing a shorter distance aiming movement prior to a longer distance aiming movement resulted in overshooting of the short movement and undershooting of the longer movement compared to control conditions. However, the finding was limited, unexpectedly, to the nondominant hand. To replicate the prior result and to determine the effect of practice organization on movement accuracy, right-handed (n =24) participants (aged 18-22) produced a sequence of three rapid lever reversals combining short (20°) and long (60°) movements with an intermovement interval of 2.5 s with the dominant hand. Greater overshooting …

Reviewing An Original Research Manuscript For The International Journal Of Exercise Science: A Guide For Students And Professionals, Kathy J. Simpson

International Journal of Exercise Science

Considerations for the review process of manuscripts submitted to the International Journal of Exercise Science are presented. Initial steps to evaluation include reading the abstract to determine your ability as a reviewer, becoming familiar with the journal requirements, and formulating an initial impression of the manuscript. At this point an assessment is made to determine how the reviewer should treat the manuscript. If it is determined that the manuscript is acceptable with minor revisions, or may be acceptable with major changes, a full review should be performed. A full review of the manuscript requires a thorough examination of the major …

Nebraska Biomechanics Core Facilty 2007 Annual Report, Issue 6, Nebraska Biomechanics Core Facility

Biomechanics Annual Report

This issue features UNO Announces the Nebraska Biomechanics Core Facility (NBCF), Exciting Growth, This Project was FUN!, Tours!, Welcome and Hello! - Open House for Two Colleges, Laboratory Updates, Latest Developments, Other Global Connections, and Other Exciting News.

Comparison Of Oxygen Consumption On Different Brands Of Elliptical Trainers In The Development Of A Metabolic Prediction Equation, Daniel Peter Swier

Kinesiology Theses - Archive

Purpose: The primary purpose of this study was to determine the effect of elliptical trainer brand on gas exchange data as well as to develop separate equations that are specific to certain brands. Methods: Twenty-three healthy volunteers participated in the study (22.3 ± 4.6 yrs, 172 ± 8.2 cm, 67.5± 9.3 kg). Subjects completed a treadmill VO2max test to determine fitness level, followed by two testing sessions on two different brands of elliptical trainers, the Precor EFX 576i® and the TRUE TS1®. Subjects exercised at the same watt level on each elliptical trainer as determined by resistance and cadence. Elliptical …

Measuring Bite Force In Small Mammals With A Piezo-Resistive Sensor, Patricia W. Freeman, Cliff A. Lemen

University of Nebraska State Museum: Mammalogy Papers

We tested the use of piezo-resistive force sensors to measure bite force in small mammals. These force sensors are thin (less than 1 mm) and can be used to measure forces up to 4,500 N. A battery-operated unit, ideal for field research, can be built easily and inexpensively. We tested this sensor in the laboratory and in the field on a variety of small mammals. Although our results indicate that the sensor is somewhat less accurate (coefficient of variation = 4%) than a conventional load cell, the small size and ease of use of the piezo-resistive detector is highly desirable. …

Motivations And Outcomes: A Benefits Based Study Of Hiking On The Appalachian Trail, Barbara Freidt

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Theses & Dissertations

The Appalachian Trail (A.T.) is a national resource that may be useful in addressing American society's current concern with increases of chronic illnesses and disabilities directly related to physical inactivity. The purpose of the current study was to examine the benefits and outcomes associated with hiking on the A.T. An internet-based survey was used to gather information from A.T. hikers. The data revealed that a relationship exists between attributes (ATTRIB), consequences (CONSEQ) and outcomes (OUTC), thus, supporting the means-end theory constructs. Internal and external validity analyses and reliability analyses showed the Benefits of Hiking Scale (BHS) to be an accurate …

Effects Of Static And Dynamic Flexibility Protocols On Lower Extremity Range Of Motion, Samar K. Mccann

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Theses & Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of either a dynamic or static stretching protocol on range of motion during hip flexion, hip extension, and hip abduction, knee flexion and extension, and ankle dorsiflexion over time. Forty eight physically active participants, 18 males and 30 females (age=21.77±2.77 years, height=l66.60±1 l.70 cm, mass=75.08±16.99 kg) with no history of injury within the last month to the lower extremity, no previous surgery in the lower extremity in the past six months, and a previous experience with both types of stretching protocols volunteered for the study. Each subject performed both stretching …

An Assessment Of An Education Intervention On Youth Sports Coaches Knowledge Of Concussions, Heidi Elizabeth Brigham

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Theses & Dissertations

Research has shown that sport related concussions are occurring at high rates across the United States. Research has also shown that there are many misconceptions among youth sports coaches regarding concussions. Therefore the purpose of this study was to determine the effects of an educational intervention on the knowledge of concussion recognition, management and prevention for youth sports coaches. A secondary purpose was to compare various relationships between demographic characteristics and the concussion knowledge assessment scores. A twenty-one question multiple choice assessment and 16 option symptom recognition checklist was utilized to assess concussion knowledge prior to and following an educational …

Validation Of A New Method Of Estimating Vo2max Based On Vo2Reserve With Treadmill Exercise, Julie Lynn Ward

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Theses & Dissertations

The purpose of the current study was to establish and then validate a treadmill protocol to predict VO_2max based on VO₂Reserve.

Methods

A treadmill protocol was developed to elicit approximately 60-70% of heart rate reserve (HRR) in the fifth and sixth minutes of the final stage. The protocol involved walking on a treadmill at 3.0 mph, with grade increasing by 1 % each minute until 50% HRR was reached. Then, an additional 5 minutes of walking at the final grade was performed. A study population of 60 volunteers (30 male; 30 female), considered low risk by ACSM …

Children's Perceptions Of The Fitnessgram Fitness Test, Barbara Boone Sampson

Theses and Dissertations

FITNESSGRAM is a battery of fitness tests that assess if a child's fitness level is, according to a health standard, enough to be considered healthy. These tests include the five components of health-related fitness: aerobic endurance, muscular strength and muscular endurance, flexibility, and body composition. Students are not compared to each other, but to health fitness standards specific to their age and gender that indicate good health. The purpose of this qualitative study was to identify children's perceptions of FITNESSGRAM and determine if self-administration of this fitness test provides a positive experience for the students. Specifically, this study evaluated (a) …

Physiological Differences Between Land And Water Treadmill Running, Rachel Kemp Rife

Theses and Dissertations

Objective: To determine if water treadmill running with (WTR-S) or without water shoes (WTR-NS) could produce similar cardiorespiratory responses as land treadmill running (LTR). Design and Setting: A repeated measures design was used to assess the differences between LTR and WTR-S and WTR-NS. All testing was done in either a research laboratory or an athletic training hydro-therapy room. Subjects: Eighteen trained runners (9 men and 9 women) volunteered for this study. All 18 subjects participated in three running conditions. Measurements: Treadmill speed, HR, and SF were assessed at four exercise intensities representing 50%, 60%, 70%, and 80% of land VO2max …

Does Parenting Affect Children's Eating And Weight Status?, Alison K. Ventura, Leann L. Birch

Kinesiology and Public Health

Background: Worldwide, the prevalence of obesity among children has increased dramatically. Although the etiology of childhood obesity is multifactorial, to date, most preventive interventions have focused on school-aged children in school settings and have met with limited success. In this review, we focus on another set of influences that impact the development of children's eating and weight status: parenting and feeding styles and practices. Our review has two aims: (1) to assess the extent to which current evidence supports the hypothesis that parenting, via its effects on children's eating, is causally implicated in childhood obesity; and (2) to identify a …

Body Mass Bias In A Competition Of Muscle Strength And Aerobic Power, Paul M. Vanderburgh, Lloyd L. Laubach

Health and Sport Science Faculty Publications

Recently, a fitness competition called the Pump and Run (PR) has been popularized. Composed of 2 events, a 5-km road race time (RT) in seconds and a maximal-repetition bench press (BPR) with resistance based on a percentage of body mass (M), the final score (RTadj) equals RT - 30(BPR). From published findings, the authors hypothesized that the PR would impose a bias against heavier competitors. Furthermore, the potential for age bias in this event has not been evaluated. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate M and age bias in the PR for men and women. For 74 …

Effects Of Short-Term Exercise And Energy Surplus On Hormones Related To Regulation Of Energy Balance, Todd A. Hagobian, Carrie G. Sharoff, Barry Braun

Kinesiology and Public Health

Energy surplus raises circulating concentrations of leptin and insulin while lowering plasma ghrelin. Exercise has the opposite effects. The purpose of this study was to determine whether exercise counters the hormonal effects of energy surplus independent of changes in energy balance. To do that, we assessed plasma concentrations of leptin, insulin, and ghrelin at baseline, after overfeeding, and after overfeeding plus exercise. Baseline (B) leptin and insulin concentrations and ghrelin area under the curve were measured during an oral glucose challenge in 9 healthy, active subjects (6 male, 3 female) after 2 days in energy balance without exercise. Measurements were …

Claudication Distances And The Walking Impairment Questionnaire Best Describe The Ambulatory Limitations In Patients With Symptomatic Peripheral Arterial Disease, Sara A. Myers, Jason Johanning, Nikolaos Stergiou, Thomas G. Lynch, G. Matthew Longo, Iraklis Pipinos

Journal Articles

Background

Claudication secondary to peripheral arterial disease leads to reduced mobility, limited physical functioning, and poor health outcomes. Disease severity can be assessed with quantitative clinical methods and qualitative self-perceived measures of quality of life. Limited data exist to document the degree to which quantitative and qualitative measures correlate. The current study provides data on the relationship between quantitative and qualitative measures of symptomatic peripheral arterial disease.

Method

This descriptive case series was set in an academic vascular surgery unit and biomechanics laboratory. The subjects were symptomatic patients with peripheral arterial disease patients presenting with claudication. The quantitative evaluation outcome …

Enhanced Robotic Surgical Training Using Augmented Visual Feedback, Timothy N. Judkins, D. Oleynikov, Nikolaos Stergiou

Journal Articles

The goal of this study was to enhance robotic surgical training via real-time augmented visual feedback. Thirty novices (medical students) were divided into 5 feedback groups (speed, relative phase, grip force, video, and control) and trained during 1 session in 3 inanimate surgical tasks with the da Vinci Surgical System. Task completion time, distance traveled, speed, curvature, relative phase, and grip force were measured immediately before and after training and during a retention test 2 weeks after training. All performance measures except relative phase improved after training and were retained after 2 weeks. Feedback-specific effects showed that the speed group …

Nirsa Members' Perceptions Of Organizational Effectiveness, Corinne M. Daprano, Donna Pastore, Carla Costa

Health and Sport Science Faculty Publications

This study assessed National Intramural-Recreational Sports Association (NIRSA) members’ perceptions of effectiveness in a sport association. Specifically, this study investigated the extent to which professional members of NIRSA perceive it to be effective in achieving its stated and operative goals. A stratified systematic sample of professional NIRSA members (N = 600) was selected to complete the survey.

Statistical Approach To The Characterization And Recognition Of Human Gaits, Derrick M. Chelliah

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis addresses the final portion of a complete process for human gait recognition. The thesis takes as input information that has been generated from videotaping walking individuals and converting their gaits into numerical data that measures the locations of various points on the body through time. Beginning with this data, this thesis uses a variety of mathematical and statistical methods to create identifying signatures for each individual and identify them on the basis of that signature. The end goal is to achieve under controlled laboratory conditions human gait recognition, an identification method which does not require contact or cooperation …

Communicator, Feb. 2008, San Jose State University, Department Of Kinesiology

Communicator (Kinesiology)

Volume 20, Issue 3