Kinesiology Commons^™

The Effects Of Isolated Hamstring Fatigue On Jump Landing In Healthy Recreational Athletes, Kristen Anne Phillips

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Theses & Dissertations

The musculature of the lower extremity provides dynamic stability during daily and athletic tasks. In landing tasks, the lower extremity absorbs forces and reduces excessive stresses and motions that are placed upon the body. Neuromuscular fatigue has been linked to an increase in injury and altered kinematics during jump landing tasks. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of hamstring fatigue on knee and hip kinematics pre and post hamstrings fatigue while landing from a box drop of 30cm height, during the stop-jump phase. The study aimed to quantify the kinematic data of the hip and knee …

Hamstring Strength Measurements In Collegiate Athletes With A History Of Hamstring Injury, Jaimie Lynn Doherty

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Theses & Dissertations

Eccentric hamstring strength (EHS) and hamstring: quadriceps ratios (H:Q) have been proposed to decrease in those who suffer hamstring injuries after return to play. The purpose of this study was to assess EHS and the three types of H:Q (conventional, functional and inverse functional) at two different velocities. Subjects reported to either the university athletic training room or clinic for a single testing session. We included a sample of convenience of 42 Division I and III collegiate athletes (age= 20.64±1.51 yrs ht= 175.93±10.94 cm; mass= 81.77±18.33 kg) with previous hamstring injury (past 24 months). The Biodex System 3 (Biodex Medical …

Development Of A Prone Bridge Test As A Measurement Of Abdominal Stability In Healthy Adults, Joel D. Reece

Theses and Dissertations

Abstract This study sought to develop an interval prone bridge fitness test to assess core stabilization in healthy adults (ages 18–39 years). Participants performed a prone bridge maneuver in alternating 15-sec work and 5-sec rest intervals with participants' RPE scores (0–10) recorded at the end of each work interval. The RPE score reported after 95 sec (RPE-95) was used to predict total interval prone bridge endurance time along with participants' self-reported level of physical activity (PA; sedentary = 0, low active = 1, active = 2, very active = 3). Multiple linear regression was employed to generate the following prediction …

A Comparison Of The Effects Of High-Resistance Cycle Training And Leg Press On The Wingate Anaerobic Test, Strength, And Time-Trial Performance, Aaron W. Stites

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to compare high-resistance cycle training (HRCT) with resistance training (RT), and their effects on Wingate anaerobic test watt max (Wmax) and watt average (Wave), strength (improvement in 1 repetition max [RM]), and time-trial performance. Twenty-five healthy college-age untrained male subjects were randomly assigned to the HRCT (n=10), RT (n=10), or control (n=5) group. All subjects completed pre and posttesting for the leg press (LP), 30 s Wingate anaerobic test, and 15-min time-trial. Subjects also completed familiarization tests prior to pretesting in the Wingate anaerobic test and 15-min time-trial. HRCT and RT subjects trained 2x/wk …

A Comparison Of The U.S. Air Force Fitness Test And Sister Services' Combat-Oriented Fitness Tests, Thomas E. Worden

Theses and Dissertations

This research explores how the United States Air Force Physical Fitness Test (AFPFT) events compare to sister-services' physical fitness test events with respect to their predictability of combat capability. Multiple regression tools, non-parametric analyses, and chi² contingency table hypothesis testing were utilized to test hypotheses about performances and determine associations between involved variables. AFPFT scores had minimal predictability (adj R² 0.2045) [but improved when raw data replaced scoring sheets, pushups have no maximum, and abdominal circumference and age are removed (adj R² 0.7703)]. Higher Body Mass Index (BMI) predicts higher combat capability (p-value 0.0208). The best two-event …

The Effect Touches, Post Touches, And Dribbles Have On Offense For Men's Division I Basketball, Kim T. Jackson

Theses and Dissertations

The purposes of this study were to evaluate the effects touches per play, post touches per play, and dribbles to end a play (DEP) have on points per play, field goal percentage, turnovers, and fouls. This was done to provide empirical evidence on anecdotal theories held by coaches concerning ball movement, dribbles, and post touches. The data collected were statistically analyzed using Bayesian hierarchical models. This study reports some intriguing trends. First, exceeding nine passes and three dribbles to end a play results in a decrease in points per play and field goal percentage. Second, up to three dribbles into …

Objective Evaluation Of Expert And Novice Performance During Robotic Surgical Training Tasks, Timothy N. Judkins, D. Oleynikov, Nikolaos Stergiou

Journal Articles

Background - Robotic laparoscopic surgery has revolutionized minimally invasive surgery for the treatment of abdominal pathologies. However, current training techniques rely on subjective evaluation. The authors sought to identify objective measures of robotic surgical performance by comparing novices and experts during three training tasks.

Methods - Five novices (medical students) were trained in three tasks with the da Vinci Surgical System. Five experts trained in advanced laparoscopy also performed the three tasks. Time to task completion (TTC), total distance traveled (D), speed (S), curvature (Ƙ), and relative phase (Φ) were measured.

Results - Before training, TTC, D, and …

What Do Physicians Recommend To Their Overweight And Obese Patients?, Suzanne Phelan, Mithun Nallari, Francine E. Darroch, Rena R. Wing

Kinesiology and Public Health

Background: It is recognized that physicians play an important role in responding to the nation's obesity epidemic. Little is known, however, about what physicians say to their obese patients to help them lose weight.

Objective: This cross-sectional survey examined weight loss recommendations of family physicians and internists. Surveys were mailed to 188 physicians and 54% (n = 101) responded. The survey assessed physicians’ weight loss recommendations, the basis for recommendations, and their expected weight loss outcomes for a hypothetical patient. Physicians rated the extent to which they recommended various weight control strategies to their obese patients. They also …

Movement Variability And The Use Of Nonlinear Tools: Principles To Guide Physical Therapist Practice, Regina T. Harbourne, Nikolaos Stergiou

Journal Articles

Fields studying movement generation, including robotics, psychology, cognitive science and neuroscience utilize concepts and tools related to the pervasiveness of variability in biological systems. The concepts of variability and complexity, and the nonlinear tools used to measure these concepts open new vistas for physical therapy practice and research in movement dysfunction of all types. Because mounting evidence supports the necessity of variability for health and functional movement, we argue in this perspective for changes in the way therapists view variability both in theory and in action. By providing clinical examples, as well as applying existing knowledge about complex systems, we …

Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction With A Quadrupled Hamstrings Tendon Autograft Does Not Restore Tibial Rotation To Normative Levels During Landing From A Jump And Subsequent Pivoting, Vasilis Chouliaras, Stavros Ristanis, Constantina O. Moraiti, V. Tzimas, Nicholas Stergiou, Anastasios D. Georgoulis

Journal Articles

Aim. Recent research suggested that the anterior curciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction does not restore tibial rotation to normal levels when a bone patellar tendon bone (BPTB) graft is used during high demanding activities. Our goal was to determine if the usage of an alternative graft, as the quadrupled semitendinosus-gracilis (ST/G), restore tibial rotation to normal values in a population of athletically active individuals while performing a usual for their sport activity.

Methods. Eleven subjects, all reconstructed with an ST/G graft, were assessed in vivo, 9 months postoperatively, while they jumped off a 40 cm platform, landed on the ground and …

The Effect Of Random, Blocked, And Transition Practice Schedules On Children's Performance Of A Barrier Knockdown Test, Gregory C. Snider

Master's Theses

The purpose of this research was to examine whether a transition schedule of contextual interference facilitated learning in retention and transfer equal to or better than random and blocked schedules among children. The author selected participants from the central coast of California and from youth activity leagues. The author selected children between the ages of 10 to 13 with a mean age of 11.5. There were a total of 36 subjects, half male and half female. Unfortunately, due to computer error, only data from 15 subjects were saved and available for analysis. Researchers randomly assigned participants to one of three …

The Effects Of Alterations To Upper Limb Inertial Properties On Vertical Point-To-Point Movement, Adrian K. Hongo

Master's Theses

Purpose: Several studies have examined intralimb coordination between the shoulder and elbow joints during target-oriented movements. These studies have observed consistent patterns in coordination despite changes in movement variables such as speed, direction, and inertia. Researchers used intersegmental dynamics to quantitatively analyze these patterns between shoulder and elbow joints while systematically changing values of these movement variables. Some studies have examined central nervous system adaptations to inertial changes at the elbow and entire arm during a movement, but none have examined inertial changes to the upper limb. Methods: Five male and five female participants aged 27 to 39 years (mean …

Use Of The Timed Walk Test, Physiological Cost Index And Prosthesis Evaluation Questionnaire As Outcomes Measurements For The Validation Of The Legs M1 Knee, Katie Leatherwood, Wayne Jacobs, Karen Rispin

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

LeTourneau Empowering Global Solutions (LEGS) administered a preliminary study comparing energy cost and patient satisfaction of three different prosthetic knee configurations. The LEGS M1 knee was compared with both a locked LEGS M1 knee and the OrthoEurope 4-bar (OE4bar) knee. Energy cost was measured using the Physiological Cost Index (PCI) and Timed Walk Test (TWT). Patient satisfaction was measured using the Prosthesis Evaluation Questionnaire (PEQ). The TWT and PCI indicated that the LEGS M1 knee was more costly to walk with than the OE4Bar conformation. In the comparison between the LEGS MI knee and the locked configuration, TWT and PCI …

Integral Effects Of Systemic Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibition On Carotid Arterial Compliance, Jun Sugawara, Hidehiko Komine, Mutsuko Yoshizawa, Yoko Saito, Mariko Nakamura, Ryuichi Ajisaka, Seiji Maeda, Hirofumi Tanaka

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Decreased arterial compliance (increased arterial stiffness) is associated with cardiovascular events. Nitric oxide regulates vascular tone, which can influence arterial compliance. We previously investigated the effects of systemic nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibition on arterial compliance under the systemic α-adrenergic receptor blocking. In the present study, we investigated the effect of systemic NOS inhibition alone on central arterial compliance (via carotid arterial ultrasound imaging and applanation tonometry). Eighteen apparently healthy young adults (26±1 years) underwent intravenous infusions of NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA) or placebo (saline) on separate days. In the placebo control condition, no significant changes were observed in mean arterial pressure, …

Association Of Aerobic Fitness And Metabolic Syndrome In Male Firefighters, Christina Durcan, Jennifer M. Markos

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Association of Aerobic Fitness and Metabolic Syndrome in Male Firefighters. Durcan, C.M.*, S.E. Martin‡, B.S. Lambert†, N.P. Greene†, J.M. Markos†, A.F. Carbuhn†, J.S. Green‡, FACSM and S.F. Crouse‡, FACSM. Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX. Metabolic syndrome has been shown in numerous studies to be related to a higher incidence of coronary artery disease. A study by R. Jurca et.al., in Med. Sci. Sports Exerc 36(38), found a relationship between aerobic fitness and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in a group of men enrolled in the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study. Information on this relationship in …

Prediction Of The Total Energy Cost Of An Acute Bout Of Resistance Exercise In Young Men And Women, Brad S. Lambert, Steven E. Martin, John S. Green Facsm, Aaron F. Carbuhn, Stephen F. Crouse Facsm

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Prediction of the Total Energy Cost of an Acute Bout of Resistance Exercise in Young Men and Women

Brad S. Lambert†, Steven E. Martin‡, John S. Green‡ (FACSM), Aaron F. Carbuhn†, Stephen F. Crouse‡ (FACSM). Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX (Sponsor S.F. Crouse)

ACSM currently recommends resistance training (RT) for each major muscle group at least 2 times per week with a traditional repetition range of 8-12 per set. Because many investigators as well as fitness professionals consider kcal expenditure when creating training protocols, energy costs during both RT and aerobic training must be …

Exercise Attenuates Ctgf Levels, Delaying The Onset Of Fibrosis In The Aging Left Ventricle, Claire N. Canon, Jong-Hee Kim, Sean M. Courtney, Brandon Macias, John M. Lawler

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Aging is associated with a progressive increase in collagen (i.e., fibrosis) in the aging heart. Fibrosis is associated with a stiffening of the heart and a decrease in heart function. Previous data (Kwak, 2008) showed that matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity in the aging heart is decreased linked to an elevation TIMP-1 (tissue inhibitor of MMPs-1); while exercise training increased TIMP-1 and reduced MMP expression. Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is an upstream inhibitor of TIMP-1 and is implicated in diabetes and heart failure. We hypothesized that exercise would decrease CTGF levels, thus reducing fibrosis in the aged left ventricle. Young …

Short-Term Changes In Ldl Density And Lipoprotein Particle Number In Trained Men After 3 Different Modes Of Exercise, Jonathan M. Oliver

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Short-Term Changes in LDL Density and Lipoprotein Particle Number in Trained Men After 3 Different Modes of Exercise Jonathan M. Oliver, Steven E. Martin, Shawn P. Glowacki, Wade Womack, John S. Green, FACSM, and Stephen F. Crouse, FACSM, Texas A&M University, TX 77843, (Sponsor: S. F. Crouse) PURPOSE: To determine the short-term changes in LDL density and lipoprotein particle number after three different modes of exercise in trained men. METHODS: Twenty seven subjects were randomly assigned to complete either (resistance [RE], endurance [EE], or combination resistance/endurance [CE]) exercise. Fasting blood samples were obtained 24 h before (baseline) and 24 h …

The Effects Of Exercise On Caspase-Independent Mitochondrial Proteins In Regards To Age-Related Apoptosis, Sean M. Courtney, Jong Hee Kim, Brandon R. Macias, Claire N. Canon, John M. Lawler

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Exercise may have protective factors in reducing oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and mitochondrial caspase-dependent apoptosis with aging. It is presently unclear whether the caspase-independent apoptosis via EndonucleaseG (EndoG) and Apoptosis Inducing Factor (AIF) translocation from the mitochondria to the nucleosome is effected by exercise in aging skeletal muscle. It is understood that in aging skeletal muscle EndoG and AIF do translocate from the mitochondria to the nucleosome. We hypothesize that exercise will attenuate the translocation of EndoG and AIF from the mitochondria to the nucleosome in aging white gastrocnemius muscle. Twenty-four Fischer Brown Norway rats were randomly assigned to four …

T-Lymphocyte Activation Is Not Affected By The Mobilization Of Senescent T-Cells Into The Peripheral Blood Following An Acute Bout Of Exercise, David B. Bartlett, Cormac Cosgrove Dr, Guillaume Spielmann, Keith Guy Dr, Richard J. Simpson

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

It is well recognized that individuals are at an increased risk of illness following an arduous exercise regime. Exercise may affect activation status of cells and play a pivotal role in defense against pathogenic invasion. CD69 is the earliest known expressed cell surface antigen of T-cell activation and is a reliable marker of cell activation status (Green et al. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 35, 582-588: 2003). Exercise is known to alter the frequency of senescent cells in the blood expressing the cell surface glycoprotein killer cell lectin-like receptor G1 (KLRG1), and are antigen-experienced and unable to clonally expand upon further …

Does Endurance Training Modify The Decrease In Skeletal Mass And Changes In The Body Composition With Restricted Caloric Intake?, Samantha M. Manning

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The common practice among many, including athletes and military personnel, when attempting to lose weight is to limit caloric intake and also to burn off excess calories through exercise.

Our goal was to measure the effects of graded reductions of energy availability on bone mass and body composition in young adult female rats. Reduced energy availability was achieved by increasing exercise energy expenditure and/or reducing caloric intake. After acclimation, 72 rats (5-mo-old) were randomly assigned to one of 6 groups. ADLIB-EX and ADLIB-SED were fed AIN-93M ad lib. Energy restricted, exercised groups (ER20-EX & ER40-EX) and sedentary energy-restricted groups (ER20-SED …

The Effects Of A Nad(P)H Oxidase Inhibition On Matrix Metalloproteinases And Timp-1 In The Mdx Diaphragm, Jong-Hee Kim, Hyo-Bum Kwak, John M. Lawler

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is characterized by devastating muscle degeneration that includes oxidative stress, loss of contractile tissue, muscle weakness and increased fibrosis in respiratory muscles (e.g., diaphragm). The mdx mice diaphragm undergoes a progressive degeneration similar to that occurring in patients with DMD. We showed that apocynin, a NAD(P)H oxidase inhibitor, protects against reduction in diaphragm mass, oxidative capacity, and apoptosis. We hypothesized that apocynin (1.5mmol/L per day) would attenuate extramyocyte space and collagen content by ameliorating matrix metalloproteinases (e.g., MMP-2, MMP-9), tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (e.g., TIMP-1) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in the mdx diaphragm. Eight to …

Comparison Of Retrofit Facemask To Mouthpiece For Metabolic Measures And Flow Rates, Abhishek Kelkar, Kevin Kendrick, Daniel Chilek

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Comparison of Retrofit Facemask to Mouthpiece for Metabolic Measures and Flow Rates Kelkar, A., Kendrick, K., and Chilek, D. R. Department of Health and Kinesiology, Lamar University, Beaumont TX PURPOSE: To compare metabolic measures (VO2, VCO2) and flow rates (VE) between use of a retrofit preVent™ neoprene mask (MA) and mouthpiece (MP) with nose clip. METHODS: Thirty healthy subjects [males (n = 18, 22.0 ± 2.5 years) and females (n = 12, 25.0 ± 6.3 years)] underwent four different intensity stages; rest (R), low (L), moderate (M) and high (H). Each stage had two, six minute sub stages, one with …

Effect Of Unstable Base Of Support On Energy Expenditure Of Resistance Training Exercise, Jason P. Campbell, Kevin Kendrick, Daniel Chilek

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Effect of Unstable Base of Support on Energy Expenditure of Resistance Training Exercise

Campbell, J., Kendrick, K. and Chilek, D. R.

Department of Health and Kinesiology, Lamar University, Beaumont TX

PURPOSE: To determine the effect of an unstable base of support on energy expenditure of a short duration, moderate intensity circuit resistance exercise. METHODS: Participants were 1 female and 8 males (27.0±6.7 yrs.). Data collection included 2 conditions: 1) standing on inflatable balance discs (unstable) and 2) standing on the floor (stable). The order of each condition was counterbalanced and separated by at least one day. Duration of …

Long-Term Weight Gain In Response To High-Fat Feeding In Cd-1 Mice, Whitney Breslin, Kelley Strohacker, Katie C. Carpenter, Lisa Esposito, Brian K. Mcfarlin

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Background. Excessive weight gain is known to cause numerous health related consequences in humans and rodents. Due to ethical issues, it is not appropriate to cause weight gain in humans. From an experimental design prospective, murine models are often used to measure the effect of weight gain. Despite the validity of murine models, there is little published information concerning long-term weight gain when mice consume a high-fat (60% of calories from fat) diet. The purpose of this study was to examine weight gain during high-fat feeding in wild type CD-1 male mice. Methods. This study utilized data collected during the …

Effect Of Hatha Yoga On Stress And Recovery Of Female Collegiate Athletes, Pritha Sharma, Kevin Kendrick, Daniel R. Chilek Jr

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Effect of Hatha Yoga on Stress and Recovery of Female Collegiate Athletes

Sharma, P., Kendrick, K., and Chilek, D.

Department of Health & Kinesiology

Lamar University, Beaumont, TX

PURPOSE: To determine the acute effect of Hatha yoga participation on stress and recovery of collegiate female athletes (cross country, soccer and volleyball). METHOD: Twenty five healthy female athletes were randomly divided into two groups, experimental (Yoga, Y; n=14, age=19.3±1.3 years) and control (No Yoga, C; n=11, age=19.7±3.6 years). Hatha yoga was performed on four consecutive days, at 30-40 minutes per session, and consisted of breathing exercise, meditation, asanas/postures, sun salute, and …

A Descriptive And Comparative Study Of Physical And Performance Characteristics Of Ncaa Division Ii And Division Iii Softball Players., Nicole L. Dickson, Chuck Ruot, Melissa Madeson, Lindsay Edwards

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Abstract. Dickson, N., Ruot, C., Madeson, M., and Edwards, L. A descriptive and comparative study of physical and performance characteristics of NCAA Division II and Division III softball players.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe and compare the physical and performance characteristics of Division II and III softball players. This research also aimed to collect physical and performance measurements to begin the establishment of normative data on college softball players

Methods: Participants included two teams of female varsity National College Athletic Association Division (NCAA) II (N=19) and III (N=16) student-athletes. Athletes were evaluated prior to the softball …

Frequency Influences The Regularity Of The Structural Variations Present In The Leg Swing Kinematics, Vladimir Ivkovic, Max J. Kurz

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The regularity of human motor patterns has been linked to age and disease states [1]. For example, the structural variations that are found in a rhythmical finger force task are less regular in the aged and individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PD) [1]. These observed changes represent an inability of the nervous system to integrate the motor-sensory information for the maintenance of a regular motor pattern [1,2]. Currently, it is unknown if the changes in regularity of the structural variations persist while performing a rhythmical motor task with the lower extremity, and if the frequency of the rhythmical pattern influences the …

The Effects Of Abdominal Strength On Firefighting Ability, Marcos A. Michaelides, Koulla M. Parpa, Barry Brown

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The purpose of this project was to identify the relationships between various fitness parameters such as: upper body muscular endurance, upper and lower body strength, flexibility, anaerobic power, abdominal strength, body composition and the performance on an “Ability Test” (AT) that includes a set of six simulated firefighting tasks. Ninety firefighters participated in this study (age 33.54 ± 6.95 years). Firefighting ability was determined based on the time of completion of the AT. Abdominal strength was determined on an isometric device (AbMed). Abdominal strength was significantly inversely correlated (r = -.54, p < .01) with the overall performance on the AT test indicating that higher the abdominal strength was associated with shorter time of completion of the AT. Abdominal strength was also related with high performance (shorter times) on all six individual simulated firefighting tasks. In addition, the results of the multiple regression demonstrated that abdominal strength had a significant effect on the overall time to complete the AT. Abdominal strength contributed significantly [t(53) = -2.94, p < .01] to the predictive power of firefighter’s time to complete the set of firefighting tasks as described in the AT test. The most common test to evaluated core fitness among firefighters was based on the performance on the sit-up test which measures muscular endurance rather than muscular strength. The results of this study demonstrated that abdominal strength might be a better contributor to firefighting ability than abdominal muscular endurance, as determined by the sit-up test. The results presented in this study are unique since the method used to assess abdominal strength was not previously implemented on firefighters.

Interval Training And Heart Rate Variability (Hrv) In Type 2 Diabetic Patients., Koulla M. Parpa, Marcos A. Michaelides, Barry Brown

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The purpose of the study was to examine the effect of high intensity interval training (HIIT) on cardiovascular autonomic function as determined by HRV, in type 2 diabetic patients. Fourteen type 2 diabetic individuals (Mean age ± SD = 57± 6.71 years) participated in the study. Resting electrocardiogram (ECG) was recorded at baseline and 12-weeks after training. HRV was assessed from calculation of the mean R-R interval and its standard deviation measured on a 5-min ECG. Type 2 diabetic participants followed a 12-week HIIT on a treadmill consisting of four 30- min sessions per week. A HIIT session involved a …