Kinesiology Commons^™

Enhancing Fundamental Robot-Assisted Surgical Proficiency By Using A Portable Virtual Simulator, Jung Hung Chien, I. H. Suh, Shi-Huyn Park, Mukul Mukherjee, D. Oleynikov, Ka-Chun Siu

Journal Articles

Background. The development of a virtual reality (VR) training platform provides an affordable interface. The learning effect of VR and the capability of skill transfer from the VR environment to clinical tasks require more investigation.

Methods. Here, 14 medical students performed 2 fundamental surgical tasks—bimanual carrying (BC) and peg transfer (PT)—in actual and virtual environments. Participants in the VR group received VR training, whereas participants in the control group played a 3D game. The learning effect was examined by comparing kinematics between pretraining and posttraining in the da Vinci Surgical System. Differences between VR and playing the 3D game were …

Motor Control Of The Lower Extremity Musculature In Children With Cerebral Palsy, David J. Arpin, Wayne A. Stuberg, Nick Stergiou, Max J. Kurz

Journal Articles

The aim of this investigation was to quantify the differences in torque steadiness and variability of the muscular control in children with cerebral palsy (CP) and typically developing (TD) children. Fifteen children with CP (age = 14.2 ± 0.7 years) that had a Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) score of I-III and 15 age and gender matched TD children (age = 14.1 ± 0.7 years) participated in this investigation. The participants performed submaximal steady-state isometric contractions with the ankle, knee, and hip while surface electromyography (sEMG) was recorded. An isokinetic dynamometer was used to measure the steady-state isometric torques …

The Role Of Social Physique Anxiety, Social Support, And Perceived Benefits And Barrier To Exercise In All-Female Fitness Camp Intervention, Lauren Elizabeth Easton

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

Only 3.2% of Americans ages 20-59 years meet the minimum recommended volume of exercise suggestions. In addition to the substantial percentage of people who fail to meet exercise requirements, only 15% of American adults engage in exercise on a regular basis, i.e. exercising for twenty minutes at least three times per week to improve health. (Schrop, Pendleton, McCord, Gil, Stockton, McNatt, & Gilchrist, 2006). Although the small proportion of those who reach the suggested physical activity levels is a topic of concern for adults, the CDC reports that physical inactivity levels are even higher for females than those of males. …

Lower Extremity Biomechanics During Single Leg Drop Landings In Individuals With Patellofemoral Pain, Stacey L. Gaven

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Theses & Dissertations

Patellofemoral joint pain (PFP) is one of the most common afflictions of the active population. While etiological factors encompassing the entire lower extremity have been associated with PFP, participation in athletic activities while fatigued may further influence abnormal biomechanics in individuals with this condition. The aim of Project I was to investigate the lower extremity (LE) biomechanics during a single leg(SL) drop landing in individuals with and without PFP. Project II aimed to investigate the LE biomechanics of individuals with PFP during a SL drop landing pre and post an aerobic exercise protocol. Project 111 investigated the LE biomechanics of …

Changes In The Dynamics Of Postural And Locomotor Control As A Result Of Varying Task Demands, Kathleen Sherry Thomas

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Theses & Dissertations

The aim of this study was to examine changes in postural and locomotor control under varying task demands. Three experiments were designed to address the impact that fast walking had on standing posture over time, slow walking had on gait dynamics over time, and the extent to which gait speed interacts with the ability to walk randomly.

For experiment I, the aim was to identify the time course in which postural adaptation occurred while walking at faster than preferred speeds. Postural motion was assessed at specific intervals over a 35-min walking trial. Findings revealed that walking at a faster speed …

New Perspectives In Human Movement Variability, Thurmon Lockhart, Nikolaos Stergiou

Journal Articles

Movement variability is defined as the normal variations that occur in motor performance across multiple repetitions of a task.2 Bernstein1 described movement variability quite eloquently as ‘‘repetition without repetition.’’ Traditionally, movement variability has been linked to noise and error, being considered to be random and independent. This theoretical approach blends well with traditional statistical and assessment methods of movement variability that assume randomness and independence of observations. However, numerous studies have indicated that when movement is observed over time variations are closely related with each other neither being random nor independent. Practically, traditional methods can mask the temporal structure of …

The Influence Of The Initiation Of A Graded Exercise Protocol On Dynamic Postural Stability Following A Concussion, Lauryn Hunter

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

Current post-concussion assessment tools may lack sensitivity in identifying recovery. Athletes demonstrating decreased postural control may have an increased likelihood of suffering sports-related injury. Exercise has been shown to briefly alter static postural control and the visual contribution to static postural stability deteriorates with moderate intensity exercise. Gait variability, defined as the fluctuation in gait characteristic between steps, is a sensitive measure of postural stability in populations with higher level gait disorders. Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of a progressive exertional return-to-play program on dynamic postural stability following a concussion. Design: Prospective longitudinal. Setting: …

Attraction To Physical Activity Of Generation Z - A Mixed Methodological Approach, David Biber

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

The prevalence of obesity in Generation Z, which includes individuals born after the year 2000, has tripled that of Generation Xers of 1980 (Ogden et al., 2010). Rising levels of obesity have been associated with increased physical inactivity (WHO, 2013). Attraction to physical activity can be grounded in the Self-Determination Theory (SDT; Deci & Ryan, 1985), which defines intrinsic and extrinsic motivation and the roles each type of motivation plays in social and cognitive development. The purpose of the current research was to use a mixed-methodological approach to understand attraction to physical activity of a Generation Z sample via semi-structured …

Ncaa Division I Head Coaches' Experiences With Eating Disorders And Disordered Eating In Female Athletes: A Qualitative Analysis, Caitlyn Pecinovsky

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

In today's sport, NCAA Division I female athletes are under a constant pressure to reach an elite level of perfection in athletic performance, frequently adhering to the assumption that there is an inverse relationship between body size and performance level (Petrie & Sherman, 2007). Additionally, coaches have unrealistic expectations about weight and body image, which adds pressure on athletes to conform to certain weight or image driven standards. Perceptions that coaches hold about eating disorders and disordered eating present a set of risk factors that may increase the likelihood of female athletes developing maladaptive eating patterns (Scoffier, Maiano, & d'Arripe-Longueville, …

Concussion Knowledge And Attitudes In English Football (Soccer), Joshua Williams

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

While concussions are prevalent in soccer, outside the US there has been limited investigation into soccer players' knowledge and attitudes regarding concussions. The purpose of the study was to access English soccer player' concussion knowledge and attitudes. This study used a cross sectional mixed methodology design. Participants included 26 respondents (Age: 23.4 ± 4.5 years, playing experience 16.4 ± 4.4 years) playing for a Championship team in England (Response rate: 89.6%). Fifty percent of respondents had a diagnosed concussion history. Participants were administered the valid and reliable ROCKAS-ST survey divided into 5 sections and includes 3 constructs: concussion knowledge (CKI), …

An Informational Algorithm As The Basis For Perception-Action Control Of The Instantaneous Axes Of The Knee, Wangdo Kim, Margarida M. Espanha, António P. Veloso, Duarte Araújo, Filipa João, Luis Carrão, Sean S. Kohles

Mechanical and Materials Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

Traditional locomotion studies emphasize an optimization of the desired movement trajectories while ignoring sensory feedback. We propose an information based theory that locomotion is neither triggered nor commanded but controlled. The basis for this control is the information derived from perceiving oneself in the world. Control therefore lies in the human-environment system. In order to test this hypothesis, we derived a mathematical foundation characterizing the energy that is required to perform a rotational twist, with small amplitude, of the instantaneous axes of the knee (IAK). We have found that the joint’s perception of the ground reaction force may be replaced …

Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness And Proprioception, J. Rupp, E. Payton, S.O. Henry

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

J. Rupp, E. Payton, & S. O. Henry

Pacific University, Forest Grove, OR

Although some effects of delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) are well documented, the impact of DOMS on proprioception – awareness of body and limb position in space and time has not yet been investigated. Delayed onset muscle soreness may affect neuromuscular sensory receptors and neural pathways due to microtears in the muscle, which could reduce proprioceptive abilities. PURPOSE: Investigate effects of DOMS on three selected measures of proprioception. METHODS: Using digital inclinometers, and data acquisition system; proprioception was assessed by participants’ (n = 19) ability to …

Heat Penetration Into Soft Tissue With 3 Mhz Ultrasound, Jared M. Franson

Theses and Dissertations

Therapeutic ultrasound is a deep heating modality often used to produce vigorous heating (≥4°C Δ) in tissues. The vigorous heating effects of 3 MHz therapeutic ultrasound have only been tested to a 2.5 cm depth, but its maximal depth of producing vigorous heating has yet to be established. Objective: To investigate the tissue temperature change produced by a 3 MHz ultrasound treatment at depths of 3 and 3.5 cm in the human triceps surae muscle group. Design: Randomized control design. Setting: Therapeutic modalities research laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: Twenty healthy college-aged participants (male = 13, female = 7; age …

Mtor Pathway Activation Following Resistance Exercise With Vibration In Human Subjects, Michael G. Leavitt

Theses and Dissertations

Functional adaptations in human skeletal muscle following a period of resistance exercise are the result of regular activation of cellular signaling pathways that elevate muscle protein synthesis. It has been reported that the addition of whole body vibration (WBV) to a resistance exercise program enhances performance. Such improvements in muscle function may be the result of increased activation of cellular signaling pathways associated with muscle growth. Purpose: We have investigated whether an acute bout of resistance exercise in combination with WBV results in a greater activation of the mTOR signaling pathway compared to resistance exercise alone. Methods: Eight untrained college-age …

Lateralized Difference In Tympanic Membrane Temperature: Emotion And Hemispheric Activity, Ruth E. Propper, Tad T. Brunyé

Department of Psychology Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

We review literature examining relationships between tympanic membrane temperature (TMT), affective/motivational orientation, and hemispheric activity. Lateralized differences in TMT might enable real-time monitoring of hemispheric activity in real-world conditions, and could serve as a corroborating marker of mental illnesses associated with specific affective dysregulation. We support the proposal that TMT holds potential for broadly indexing lateralized brain physiology during tasks demanding the processing and representation of emotional and/or motivational states, and for predicting trait-related affective/motivational orientations. The precise nature of the relationship between TMT and brain physiology, however, remains elusive. Indeed the limited extant research has sampled different participant populations …

Lifestyle Interventions To Reduce Obesity And Diabetes, Todd Alan Hagobian, Suzanne Phelan

Kinesiology and Public Health

The majority of US adults are overweight or obese, which is a primary risk factor for type 2 diabetes and other chronic diseases. Recent advances in behavioral treatment of obesity have produced significant short- and longterm weight losses that reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. This article reviews key components of effective behavioral treatment interventions, including diet, exercise, and behavioral and psychosocial strategies. The authors review newer treatment modalities that may enhance dissemination (Internet, smartphone) and discuss applications to clinical practice. Practitioners face multiple barriers to effectively delivering lifestyle interventions in today’s health care setting but, …

Leg Dominance And Its Affect On Variables Related To Leap Performance, Daniella N. Rodriguez, Scott P. Mclean, Ph.D., Jimmy C. Smith, Ph.D.

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

INTRODUCTION: To achieve the desired aesthetics of leaping in dance it is necessary that these movements are performed equally well from either leg. However, these leaps may naturally be better performed from the dominant leg than the non-dominant leg. A lack of relevant experimental evidence precludes an assessment of this idea. PURPOSE: To determine whether a dancer executes a leap from her dominant leg better than from her non-dominant leg. METHODS: Ten experienced college aged dancers, (20 ± 1.0 yr, 62.3 ± 8.3 kg, 1.67 ± 0.1 m), performed six trials of a stationary leap off of a force plate. …

The Effect Of Cardiovascular Drift On The Efficacy Of Exercise Prescription, Katherine G. Forester, Jimmy Smith, Scott P. Mclean

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

TACSM Abstract –

The Effect of Cardiovascular Drift on the Efficacy of Exercise Prescription

KATHERINE FORESTER, JIMMY SMITH, Ph.D., and SCOTT MCLEAN, Ph.D.

Kinesiology; Southwestern University; Georgetown, TX

Category: Undergraduate

ABSTRACT

Due to the difficulty in measuring metabolic cost in the field, heart rate (HR) is often used to prescribe exercise intensity. Purpose: To examine the effect of cardiovascular drift (CV_drift) on the efficacy of exercise prescription (ExRx). Methods: Eight women with a mean (sd) age 21.6(2.0) years, body mass 70.9(11.0) kg, height 163.7(6.0) cm, and VO₂max of 33.7(4.2) mL/kg/min, each performed two cycling trials for …

Use Of Non-Surgical Mechanical Splinting For Patients With Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, Abi Ramirez, Buck Willis, Howard Hoffberg

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Compress of the median nerve causes severe pain and paresthesia in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS). Over 2,000,000 Americans suffer from Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, making it the most common peripheral neuropathology affecting the U.S. Continual compression over time degrades the median nerve that brings sensation of movement and feeling for the wrist. The purpose of this study was to compare change in symptoms of CTS after use of a non-surgical dynamic splinting device. Methods: A retrospective analysis was accomplished for patients diagnosed with CTS who were treated with prolonged passive stretching in dynamic splinting for this pathology (N=304). The Levine Katz …

Preliminary Data Regarding How Wheelchair Axle Position Effects The Energy Cost Of Assistants Pushing Wheelchairs Designed For Low-Resource Settings., Matthew K. Sturm, Josh Vanleer, Nathan Lowe, Karen Rispin

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

A study at Letourneau University was performed to compare the energy cost of pushing wheelchairs with differing axle positions in relation to the occupant’s center of gravity (COG). In less-resourced areas of the world, powered wheelchairs are rarely feasible, requiring an assistant to push the chair. Often these assistants themselves are disabled, making any means of minimizing energy cost imperative. Research has indicated that as the rear axle comes closer to the COG, the energy cost of self-propelling the chair decreases. We hypothesized that able-bodied assistants pushing wheelchairs could provide valuable insight into the effect of axle position on energy …

Resistance Exercise During Hindlimb Unloading In Rats Mitigates Disuse-Induced Bone Loss, Michael M. Hedges

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Disuse-related bone loss affects various populations of individuals including astronauts, bedridden patients, those with spinal cord injuries, and, to not as drastic a degree, the increasing population living sedentary lifestyles. The lack of mechanical stimulation on bones can lead to bone loss and an increased risk of low bone mass, osteoporosis, and fractures. Therefore, the goal of this study was to determine the effects of resistance exercise on bone during a period of disuse in skeletally mature rodents.

Male rats were placed into three different groups, hindlimb unloading, (HU), hindlimb unloading with resistance training (HU+RE), and cage control (CC), for …

Predicting Rowing Performance In Male And Female Collegiate Rowers Using Selected Measures Of Lower Body Power And Lower Leg Passive Stiffness, Laura L. Castleberry

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Lower body power (LBP) is an important variable in rowing performance. Possible indices of LBP in rowing are squat jump (SJ), vertical jump (VJ), and passive ankle dorsiflexion (PAD). This study examines the relationship of selected indices of LBPfor male and female rowers with the athlete’s respective coaches’ rating (CR) of rowing performance. Six male and female collegiate rowers(age=20±2yrs, height=73.9±2.3in, weight=182±23lbs; and age=20±1yrs, height=67±3in, weight=152±25lbs, respectively) volunteered for the study. Proceedingthe assessment session, a standardized warm up on a cycle-ergometer and low volume/intensity battery of jumps were performed. Order of assessment: SJ, VJ, and right (RDF) and left (LDF) PAD. …

The Acute Effects Of Hatha Yoga On Psychological And Physiological Measures Associated With Stress, Lyndsey Resnik

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The Acute Effects of Hatha Yoga on Psychological and Physiological Measures Associated with Stress

LYNDSEY RESNIK, SCOTT P MCLEAN, Ph.D., JIMMY SMITH, Ph.D.

Kinesiology Department; Southwestern University; Georgetown, TX

Category: Undergraduate

ABSTRACT

Objectives: Hatha yoga practices induce relaxation and have been used to alleviate stress-induced disorders such as insomnia, anxiety, and depression. The purpose of the present study is to measure the acute effects of Hatha yoga on psychological and physiological measures associated with stress. Methods: Twenty healthy male and female volunteers (20.8±1.0 yrs, 171.8±6.9 cm, 67.2±15.9 kg) participated in this study. Each participant completed a 43-minute session of Hatha …

The Effect Of Skill Level On The Mechanics Of A Golf Chip Shot, James Charles, Dr. Jimmy Smith, Dr. Scott Mclean

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

INTRODUCTION: It is popularly believed that maintaining more weight on the front foot and reducing wrist action on the downswing are characteristics of a successful golf chip shot. Therefore, experienced golfers should utilize these strategies more than inexperienced golfers when performing this shot. PURPOSE: To analyze the effect of skill level on weight shift and wrist action in a golf chip shot. METHODS: Fourteen golfers (23.4 ± 5.81 yr, 1.77 ± .073 m, 72.1 ± 10.4 kg), seven inexperienced (little to no training in chipping) and seven experienced (at least 8 years of training), completed three chip shots each. Trials …

Effects Of A Triphasic Block Method On Power In Collegiate Basketball Players, Jason L. Russell, Kelly A. Brooks

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Implementing a non-traditional method for a training cycle may serve as an alternative means of developing maximal strength and power. Seven male Division I intercollegiate basketball players (age=21.0±0.63 yrs, ht=191.86±7.24cm, wt=94.8±14.9kg, training experience = 2.2 ± 1.3 yrs) who recently completed a 5-month competitive season were recruited for this study. The testing took place during the off-season, when the players were not involved in NCAA competition. Subjects underwent a three-week preparation phase, followed by a pre-test vertical jump (CMJ), standing broad jump (SBJ), and back squat 1-repetition max (1RM). Prior to all testing sessions, the participants participated in a dynamic …

The Effects Of Gender And Health Related Fitness Components On Body Mass Index, Body Fat And Blood Pressure In Kinesiology Students, Jamie M. Cvikel

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Many Americans do not meet the minimum standards of physical activity required to maintain a healthy lifestyle. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of poor health related fitness outcomes among college age kinesiology majors.

METHODS: Health related fitness (HRF) measurements were taken on 93 undergraduate Tarleton kinesiology majors. These measures included body composition, blood pressure, cardiorespiratory endurance (1.5 mile time), flexibility (sit-n-reach), and muscular strength and endurance. One and half mile run, sit ups, bench press, leg press, and the sit and reach were administered and ranked according to ACSM Guidelines (8^{th …}

Relationship Between One Repetition Maximum Strength And Peak Power Output For The Free-Weight Bench Press Exercise, Ibrahim K. Munayer, Matt S. Stock, Micheal J. Luera, Jocarol E. Shields

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Strength and conditioning coaches are often interested in improving power output in their athletes. As many coaches are aware that power is the product of force and velocity, an emphasis is often placed on training with loads that correspond to peak mechanical power output (e.g., 30-50% of the one repetition maximum [1RM]). The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between 1RM strength and peak power output during the free-weight bench press exercise. Twenty-one healthy, recreationally resistance-trained men (mean ± SD age = 24 ± 3 years; body mass = 90.5 ± 14.6 kg; 1RM bench press = …

Effects Of Diverting Activities On Recovery From Repeated Maximum Voluntary Contractions, Micheal J. Luera, Matt S. Stock, Jocarol E. Shields, Ibrahim K. Munayer

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Previous investigations have demonstrated that diverting activities (e.g., contralateral exercise and pinching one’s fingers together) can minimize the severity of muscle fatigue that occurs during exercise. In addition to their ability to resist fatigue during exercise, diverting activities may help subjects recover between work bouts. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of mental and physical diverting activities on recovery from fatiguing isometric muscle actions. On three separate occasions, twelve men (mean ± SD age = 22 ± 1 years) and nine women (age = 22 ± 2 years) performed ten repeated, ten-second isometric maximum voluntary contractions …

Creatine Kinase, Lactate Dehydrogenase, And Myoglobin Responses Following Repeated Wingate Anaerobic Tests Versus Barbell Back Squats: A Pilot Study, Jocarol E. Shields, Matt S. Stock, Micheal J. Luera, Ibrahim K. Munayer, John C. Young

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The results from many previous studies have demonstrated that muscle damage and delayed onset muscle soreness are due primarily to high force, eccentric muscle actions. However, the majority of investigators have examined these responses following single-joint, isokinetic assessments. The purpose of this study was to examine creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and myoglobin responses following repeated Wingate anaerobic tests versus multiple sets of the barbell back squat exercise. Six recreationally resistance-trained men (mean ± SD age = 23 ± 2 years, body mass = 88.0 ± 17.8 kg, one repetition-maximum [1RM] back squat = 150.0 ± 28.3 kg) volunteered …

Functional Movement Screentm Scores In Collegiate Track And Field Athletes In Relation To Injury Risk And Performance, Ronald G. Budnar Jr, Robert Birdwell, Christopher Moody, David W. Hill, Anthony A. Duplanty, Allen W. Jackson, Jakob L. Vingren

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between Functional Movement Screen^tm (FMS) scores, injury rate, and performance in collegiate track and field athletes. Methods: Forty seven male (n=17) and female (n=30) competitive track and field athletes at an NCAA Division I university volunteered for this study. As part of their regular team assessment, the athletes were evaluated on three separate occasions using the FMS tool: in August, one week prior to the start of university organized practice for the fall (T1); in December, one week prior to the end of the fall academic semester (T2); …