Kinesiology Commons^™

Executive Function Relationships To Sitting Time And Physical Activity: A Pilot Study, Megan E. Mcclendon, Mark D. Faries, Jessica Thompson, Danielle Cofield

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Executive function (EF) refers to the neurocognitive perspective of supervisory abilities to self-regulate during goal-direct behavior. More specifically, the ability to attend to and inhibit dominant responses (i.e. Attention/Inhibition) has been found to moderate the intention and physical activity (PA) relationship, yet does not appear to relate to PA. However, this EF is related to other health behaviors, such as smoking and alcohol consumption (i.e. behaviors to be inhibited). The lack of relationship to PA might be due to it being a behavior that is not to be inhibited, compared to a behavior that should be inhibited (e.g. sitting time). …

Comparisons Of Physique, Body Composition, And Somatotype By Weight Division Between Male And Female Collegiate Taekwondo Athletes, Hyun-Chul Jung Ph. D., Sukho Lee Ph. D., Min Hyung Kim M.S., Myung Won Seo M.S., Jong Kook Song Ph.D.

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The aim of the study was to compare the physique, body composition and somatotype between male and female collegiate taekwondo athletes and specially focus on differences by weight division. 60 collegiate taekwondo athletes (male: 29, female: 31) voluntarily participated in the study. They were divided into four Olympic weight divisions (male for -58 kg, -68 kg, -80 kg, +80 kg, female for -49 kg, -57 kg, -67 kg, +67 kg). Anthropometric measurements included body weight, height, sitting height, body circumferences (relaxed arm, flexed arm, chest, waist, hip, thigh, and calf), bone widths (humerus and femur), and skinfold thicknesses (triceps, subscapular, …

Establishing The Learned Effect Of Repeated Wingate Anaerobic Tests, Erin F. Thompson, Jospeh R. Secrest, Eric J. Jones, Malcolm T. Whitehead

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The Wingate anaerobic test (WAnT) is a recognized and well-established measure of power output, muscular endurance, and fatigue. However, a learning effect could reduce the reliability of these measures. PURPOSE: To establish the number of WAnT trials needed to produce a learned effect. METHODS: Thirty-six apparently healthy college-aged men (n=20) and women (n=16) who had not previously performed a WAnT participated in five WAnT trials separated by a minimum of 72 hours. Peak Power (PP) and Mean Power (MP) were recorded for each trial. Resistance for trials was calculated at 7.5% of each respective participant’s weight. …

Progression Of Performance Over Four Decades In Masters’ Athletics, Amanda S. Akkari, Daniel R. Machin, Hirofumi Tanaka

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Athletic performance at the highest level of competition has improved in a variety of sports over the last 40 years, most notably in swimming and track. Although improvements in performance have also been observed among masters’ athletes (ages 35 and older), data concerning masters’ athletic performance have only been certain since the 1970’s. Whether the magnitude of improvement in athletic performance from 1970 onward is different between elite and masters’ athletes, as well as between different age groups of masters’ athletes, has yet to be determined. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate differences in progression of …

C.Elegans As A Diabetes & Ischemia Model: Identification Of Genetic And Cellular Changes That Modulate The Survival Of Hyperglycemia And Oxygen-Deprivation, Anastacia M. Garcia, Mary L. Ladage, Brian K. Mcfarlin, Rajeev K. Azad, Pamela A. Padilla

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Diet represents an exogenous influence that often yields colossal effects on an individual’s phenotype, physiology, long-term health and disease risk. The overconsumption of dietary sugars for example, has contributed to significant increases in obesity and type 2 diabetes, health issues that are costly both in terms of dollars and human life. Additionally, individuals with these conditions have compromised oxygen delivery and thus, an increased vulnerability to other oxygen-deprivation related disease states, including cardiovascular disease, ischemic strokes, vascular and coronary diseases and myocardial infarction. While human and other mammalian studies have shown that individuals with type 2 diabetes have a worse …

Consumption Of A High-Fat Meal Alters Post-Prandial Sirt Mrna Expression In Blood Leukocytes, Jill N. Sampson, Andrea L. Henning, Eric A. Prado, Adam Venable, Pamela Padilla, Brian K. Mcfarlin

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Introduction. Sirtuins (SIRT) are protein deacetylases, hypothesized to regulate the transcription of various genes involved in the prevention of atherogenesis and diet induced obesity. Previous research from our laboratory has demonstrated that consumption of a single, high-fat meal increases various CVD risk factors for up to 5-h post-prandial. Given the importance of SIRT to metabolic disorders, it is reasonable to speculate that a single, high-fat meal also disrupts SIRT. Methods. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a high-fat meal (75% of daily kcals & 80% of daily fat needs), on SIRT mRNA expression in blood …

The Freshman 15: Comparing Change In Weight Of Male And Female Student Athletes During The First Year Of College, Nolan E. Klein, Jimmy Smith

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Introduction: Before entering college many students are warned about the “Freshman 15” or the notion that students gain 15 lbs of body weight during their first year of college. Previous studies have shown that though students do gain weight during their first year in college, the gain is less than the fabled 15 lbs. However, less is known about first year weight gain in college athletes. Purpose: This study was done to determine whether male and female student athletes at a small private university gained weight during their first year of college and how much body weight changed during that …

Effects Of Regular Exercise On Blood Components And Serum Lipids In Elderly With Low Cognitive Function, Nan Hee Lee, Chung Moo Lee, Sukho Lee

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Exercise is known as an effective method to reduce morbidity related to the cognitive impairment in the elderly. It has been reported that combined exercise including aerobic exercise and resistance training promotes cardiovascular function to facilitate volumetric oxygen transfer into brain and body tissues. The purpose of the present study was to determine the changes of blood components (RBC, WBC, HCT, Hb, MCV, MCH, Platelet) and serum lipids (TC, TG, HDL-c, LDL-c) by regular combined exercise in elderly with low cognitive function. 18 elderly women out of 23 completed all study requirements in this study. Following a baseline screening session …

Exercise And Quality Of Life Outcomes In A Patient With Stage 4 Copd, Magan N. Johnson Ms, Jennifer Blevins-Mcnaughton

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

A 56-year-old female diagnosed with end stage COPD was referred to a rural based cardiac and pulmonary rehabilitation program. Medical history and initial baseline physical assessments were measured including resting vitals, height, weight, 6-minute walk test, and the HSQ-SF36® quality of life questionnaire. She was given a basic orientation to exercise equipment including Nu-Step® and five different band and dumbbell resistance exercises prescribed at 2 sets of 12 (RPE rating = 12 to 14). An exercise prescription for the exercise program three days per week was developed for approximately one hour at 2 to 3 METs with intermittent exercise on …

Academic Achievement And Health Related Fitness Outcomes Among Kinesiology Majors, Bryan P. Garcia, Jennifer Blevins-Mcnaughton

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Academic achievement has been shown to be related to health related fitness (HRF) performance among grade school and middle school children. However, very little is known about this relationship in college age students. The authors are not aware of any data available concerning HRF performance and those students seeking degrees in kinesiology. The purpose of this study was to determine if a relationship exists between academic achievement and HRF outcomes among kinesiology majors. METHODS: Health related fitness measurements were taken on 104 undergraduate Tarleton kinesiology majors. Students overall GPA was obtained by the supervising faculty member through …

Effects Of Acute Cold Exposure On Plasma Biomarkers Associated With Cardiovascular Disease Risk, Michael A. Levi, Jeremy Garcia, Steven Stelly, Donovan Fogt

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Background and Aims: The underlying cause of the majority of the cases of CVD is atherosclerosis, which is a condition initiated and progressed by chronic inflammation and hyperlipidemia. We are interested in evaluating the efficacy of cold-exposure to increase shivering- and non-shivering thermogenesis energy expenditure (RMR) as a non-pharmaceutical weight loss tool analogous to low intensity exercise. Naturally, we are concurrently evaluating the possible effects of cold exposure on risk factors associated with CVD risk. Inflammatory cytokines and lipid mediators are used as biomarkers for CVD risk. This proposed study aims to measure cardiovascular inflammatory and lipid biomarkers to expand …

Gender & Sport Related Differences In Electrocardiogram & Pre-Participation Exams (Ppe) In College Age Athletes, Jacob B. Harp, Bradley Kade, Bryan P. Garcia, Magan Johnson, Jamie M. Cvikel, Jennifer Blevins-Mcnaughton

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Background and Purpose: The NCAA requires all college level athletes receive a pre-participation physical exam. However, the pre-participation exams occasionally do not require electrocardiogram screening to help detect cardiac abnormalities. Though electrocardiograms may not be available at all testing’s, using specific markers and finding differences between gender and sport abnormalities could help detect cardiac abnormalities. The purpose of this study was to determine if there were significant differences in resting 12-Lead ECG markers in a group NCAA Div. II collegiate level athletes.

Methods: Four hundred fifty-one college level athlete’s ages 18 to 25 participated in this study. Age, gender, height, …

Effects Of Nutrition Education On Dietary Intake Quality And Nutrition Knowledge In Professional Soccer Players – A Pilot Study, Brittany Wise, Randahl Capurro, Donovan Fogt

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Background and Aims: Nutrition is an important factor for optimal performance of professional athletes. Several studies have demonstrated that elite athletes, especially soccer players, don’t eat enough or a high quality diet. Research shows that a diet with 65-70% of calories from carbohydrates, 20-35% calories from fat and approximately 12% of calories from protein out of an approximate 5,000 kcal diet will show improvements in performance of athletes training at high intensities. This pilot study aimed to test the impact of a targeted nutrition education program on dietary intake quality and nutrition knowledge in professional soccer players.

Methods: We initially …

Doms After Acute Strenuous Exercise And Massage, Cathleen Holub, John D. Smtih

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The art of massage therapy has been around for centuries and investigation of its effects on the human body continues. Purpose: This study is designed to determine if Swedish massage therapy reduces DOMS at 24- and 48-hours after a single bout of resistance exercise to fatigue. Methods: Twenty one volunteers completed a bout of body squats to exhaustion holding a 3.63 kg (8 lb.) weight for men and a 2.27 kg (5 lb.) for women, and after a one-minute rest did the same again but without the weight. This was immediately followed by a 20-minute Swedish massage on …

Relationships Between Leg Power, Leg Strength, Knee Valgus And Trunk Endurance With Hip Pain In Dancers, Elizabeth M. Agre, Heather Rasmussen, Jason Miller

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The hip is a common site of pain and injury in dancers. The purpose of this study is to explore the relationships between leg power, leg strength, knee valgus and trunk endurance with anteriolateral hip pain. Nine collegiate-aged dancers currently in a university dance program (age = 20±1 yrs, height = 64.8±4.5 in, weight = 131.2±12.8 lbs) reported, on a Visual Analog Scale, their level of pain at rest and while dancing. The dancers’ countermovement jump (CMJ), squat jump (SJ) and anterior, posterior and bi-lateral trunk endurance were then assessed. The CMJ and SJ assessments, as measures of lower body …

Abnormal Myofiber Morphology And Limb Dysfunction In Claudication, Panagiotis Koutakis, Sara A. Myers, Kim Cluff, Duy M. Ha, Gleb Haynatzki, Rodney D. Mccomb, Koji Uchida, Dimitrios Miserlis, Evlampia Papoutsi, Jason M. Johanning, George P. Casale, Iraklis Pipinos

Journal Articles

Background

Methods

Association Of Physical Activity To The Risk Of Obesity In Adults With Physical Disabilities, Masaru Teramoto, Timothy J. Bungum, Gerald E. Landwer, Dale R. Wagner

Kinesiology and Health Science Faculty Publications

Adults with physical disabilities have an increased risk of obesity. Physical activity is essential to maintaining healthy weight; meanwhile, it is not fully understood how much physical activity is needed in order to decrease the risk of obesity for this population. This paper discusses the association of physical activity to the risk of obesity in adults with physical disabilities. Body Mass Index (BMI) and percent Body Fat (%BF; measure of body composition) are commonly used for determining the prevalence of obesity. Physical activity can help to achieve and maintain optimal BMI and %BF regardless of the presence of physical disabilities. …

Walking Before And During A Sea Voyage, Chih-Hui Chang, Nicholas Stergiou, Jeffrey P. Kaipust, Eric Haaland, Yi Wang, Fu-Chen Chen, Thomas A. Stoffregen

Journal Articles

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Abstract

Stationary and moving surfaces impose different constraints on walking. In this study we investigated within-participants differences between walking on a ship before (at the dock) and during (at sea) a sea voyage. Four individuals participated in the study. While on the ship they wore a tri-axial accelerometer (ActiGraph GT3X+; ActiGraph LLC, Pensacola, FL) on their waists. Activity data were sampled at 30 Hz. Data were collected on the day before the voyage began and on several days at sea. The number of steps per day was greater at the dock than at sea. …

Cognitive And Psychomotor Responses To High-Altitude Exposure In Sea Level And High-Altitude Residents Of Ecuador, John E. Davis, Dale R. Wagner, Nathan Garvin, David Moilanen, Jessica Thorington, Cory Schall

Kinesiology and Health Science Faculty Publications

Background High-altitude inhabitants have cardiovascular and respiratory adaptations that are advantageous for high-altitude living, but they may have impaired cognitive function. This study evaluated the influence of altitude of residence on cognitive and psychomotor function upon acute exposure to very high altitude. Findings Ecuadorians (31 residing at 0–1,500 m [LOW], 78 from 1,501–3,000 m [MOD], and 23 living >3,000 m [HIGH]) were tested upon their arrival to a hut at 4,860 m on Mount Chimborazo. Cognitive/psychomotor measurements included a go-no-go test (responding to a non-visual stimulus), a verbal fluency test (verbalizing a series of words specific to a particular category), …

A Pilot Study Comparing Opaque, Weighted Bottles With Conventional, Clear Bottles For Infant Feeding, Alison K. Ventura, Rebecca Pollack Green

Kinesiology and Public Health

It is hypothesized that the visual and weight cues afforded by bottle-feeding may lead mothers to overfeed in response to the amount of liquid in the bottle. The aim of the present pilot study was to test this hypothesis by comparing mothers' sensitivity and responsiveness to infant cues and infants' intakes when mothers use opaque, weighted bottles (that remove visual and weight cues) compared to conventional, clear bottles to feed their infants. We also tested the hypothesis that mothers' pressuring feeding style would moderate the effect of bottle type. Formula-feeding dyads (N = 25) visited our laboratory on two …

Gait Mechanics In Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Jenna M. Yentes, Kendra K. Schmid, Daniel Blanke, Debra J. Romberger, Stephen I. Rennard, Nikolaos Stergiou

Journal Articles

Background

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by the frequent association of disease outside the lung. The objective of this study was to determine the presence of biomechanical gait abnormalities in COPD patients compared to healthy controls while well rested and without rest.

Methods

Patients with COPD (N = 17) and aged-matched, healthy controls (N = 21) walked at their self-selected pace down a 10-meter walkway while biomechanical gait variables were collected. A one-minute rest was given between each of the five collected trials to prevent tiredness (REST condition). Patients with COPD then walked at a self-selected pace on …

Estimation Of Outer-Middle Ear Transmission Using Dpoaes And Fractional-Order Modeling Of Human Middle Ear, Maryam Naghibolhosseini

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Our ability to hear depends primarily on sound waves traveling through the outer and middle ear toward the inner ear. Hence, the characteristics of the outer and middle ear affect sound transmission to/from the inner ear. The role of the middle and outer ear in sound transmission is particularly important for otoacoustic emissions (OAEs), which are sound signals generated in a healthy cochlea, and recorded by a sensitive microphone placed in the ear canal. OAEs are used to evaluate the health and function of the cochlea; however, they are also affected by outer and middle ear characteristics. To …

Development Of Functional Interactions Among Cortical And Trabecular Traits During Growth Of The Lumbar Vertebral Body, Melissa Ramcharan

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Variation in bone traits that contribute to increased fracture risk in the elderly is mainly established in adulthood. Previous studies have shown that in adults, cortical and trabecular traits are functionally related. How variations in traits develop to establish mechanical function in adult bone is not well understood. In this study, we examined temporal changes in the development of cortical and trabecular traits during growth in mouse lumbar vertebral body structures that have a wide range of genetic variants. We determined a sequence of events among traits that would suggest how functional bone structures developed. Examining bones in A/J, C57/BL6 …

How Joint Torques Affect Hamstring Injury Risk In Sprinting Swing-Stance Transition, Yuliang Sun, Shutao Wei, Yunjian Zhong, Li Li, Yu Liu

Health Sciences & Kinesiology: Faculty Publications

Purpose: The potential mechanisms of hamstring strain injuries in athletes are not well understood. The study, therefore, was aimed at understanding hamstring mechanics by studying loading conditions during maximum-effort overground sprinting.

Methods: Three-dimensional kinematics and ground reaction force data were collected from eight elite male sprinters sprinting at their maximum effort. Maximal isometric torques of the hip and knee were also collected. Data from the sprinting gait cycle were analyzed via an intersegmental dynamics approach, and the different joint torque components were calculated.

Results: During the initial stance phase, the ground reaction force passed anteriorly to the …

Sex Differences In Whole Body Gait Kinematics At Preferred Speeds, Dustin A. Bruening, R. Frimenko, C. Goodyear, A. Fullenkamp

Faculty Publications

Studies on human perception have identified pelvis and torso motion as key discriminators between male and female gaits. However, while most observers would advocate that men and women walk differently, consistent findings and explanations of sex differences in gait kinematics across modern empirical studies are rare. In the present study we evaluated sex differences in whole body gait kinematics from a large sample of subjects (55 men, 36 women) walking at self selected speeds. We analyzed the data through comparisons of discrete metrics and whole curve analyses. Results showed that in the frontal plane, women walked with greater pelvic obliquity …

Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamical Description Of Rhythmic Motion Patterns Of Active Systems: A Canonical-Dissipative Approach, Dobromir Dotov, S. Kim, T. D. Frank

Journal Articles

We derive explicit expressions for the non-equilibrium thermodynamical variables of a canonical-dissipative limit cycle oscillator describing rhythmic motion patterns of active systems. These variables are statistical entropy, non-equilibrium internal energy, and non-equilibrium free energy. In particular, the expression for the non-equilibrium free energy is derived as a function of a suitable control parameter. The control parameter determines the Hopf bifurcation point of the deterministic active system and describes the effective pumping of the oscillator. In analogy to the equilibrium free energy of the Landau theory, it is shown that the non-equilibrium free energy decays as a function of the …

Cyborg Beast: A Low-Cost 3d-Printed Prosthetic Hand For Children With Upper-Limb Differences, Jorge Zuniga, Dimitrios Kastavelis, Jean Peck, John Stollberg, Marc Petrykowski, Adam Carson, Cristina Fernandez

Journal Articles

Background

There is an increasing number of children with traumatic and congenital hand amputations or reductions. Children's prosthetic needs are complex due to their small size, constant growth, and psychosocial development. Families’ financial resources play a crucial role in the prescription of prostheses for their children, especially when private insurance and public funding are insufficient. Electric-powered (i.e., myoelectric) and body-powered (i.e., mechanical) devices have been developed to accommodate children’s needs, but the cost of maintenance and replacement represents an obstacle for many families. Due to the complexity and high cost of these prosthetic hands, they are not accessible to children …

Understanding Hunting Constraints And Negotiation Strategies: A Typology Of Female Hunters, Elizabeth Covelli Metcalf, Alan R. Graefe, Nate E. Trauntvein, Robert C. Burns

Kinesiology and Health Science Faculty Publications

This article examined a typology of female hunters, factors constraining participation, and negotiation strategies females used to overcome constraints. A survey of Oregon hunters was conducted in the summer of 2010 to understand hunting characteristics using the 2008 big game license database (n = 392). We created a typology of female hunters using a cluster analysis of Recreation Experience Preference items. Four clusters were identified: less-engaged, family oriented, nature-sport, and all around enthusiast. Analysis of variance revealed differences among female hunter segments. Differences existed among the four groups on both constraints and negotiation strategies. One of the notable groups was …

Reflective Blankets Do Not Effect Cooling Rates After Running In Hot, Humid Conditions, Kory A. Reynolds, John Jacob Evanich, Lindsey E. Eberman

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 8(1) : 97-103, 2015. Reflective blankets (RB) are often provided at the conclusion of endurance events, even in extreme environments. The implications could be dangerous if increased core body temperature (CBT) is exacerbated by RB. To evaluate the effect of RB on cooling rate for individuals walking or sitting after intense running. Pilot, randomized control trial experimental design. Environmental chamber. Recreational runners (age=25±5y; mass=76.8±16.7kg; height=177±9cm) completed an 8km (actual mean distance=7.5±1.1km). We randomly assigned participants into one of four groups: walking with blanket (WB=5), walking without blanket (WNB=5), sitting with blanket (SB=5), or sitting without …

Resistance Training Recovery: Considerations For Single Vs. Multi-Joint Movements And Upper Vs. Lower Body Muscles, John A. Korak, James M. Green, Eric K. O'Neal

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 8(1) : 85-96, 2015. This study examined muscle recovery patterns between single-joint (SJ) versus multi-joint (MJ), and upper-body (UB) versus lower-body (LB) exercises and the utility of perceptual measures (ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) and perceived recovery scale (PRS)) to assess recovery status. A 10 rep max (10-RM) was determined for 6 SJ and 4 MJ exercises (5 UB and 5 LB) for male recreational weightlifters (n = 10). Participants completed a baseline protocol including 8 repetitions at 85% of 10-RM followed by a set to failure with 100% of 10-RM. In a counter-balanced crossover …