Kinesiology Commons^™

Association Between Subjective Indicators Of Recovery Status And Heart Rate Variability Among Divison-1 Sprint-Swimmers, Andrew A. Flatt, Michael R. Esco, Fabio Y. Nakamura

Health Sciences & Kinesiology: Faculty Publications

Heart rate variability (HRV) is a physiological marker of training adaptation among athletes. However, HRV interpretation is challenging when assessed in isolation due to its sensitivity to various training and non-training-related factors. The purpose of this study was to determine the association between athlete-self report measures of recovery (ASRM) and HRV throughout a preparatory training period. Ultra-short natural logarithm of the root mean square of successive differences (LnRMSSD) and subjective ratings of sleep quality, fatigue, muscle soreness, stress and mood were acquired daily for 4 weeks among Division-1 sprint-swimmers (n = 17 males). ASRM were converted to z-scores …

Barriers And Facilitators To Compliance With A State Healthy Eating Policy In Early Care And Education Centers, Daniel A. Zaltz, Russell R. Pate, Jennifer R. O'Neill, Brian Neelon, Sara E. Benjamin-Neelon

Faculty Publications

Background: Early care and education (ECE) policies can improve childhood obesity risk factors. We evaluated barriers and facilitators to implementing mandatory nutrition standards for foods provided in South Carolina ECE centers serving lowincome children, comparing centers participating in the Child and Adult Care Food Program (CACFP) with non-CACFP centers.

Methods: We mailed 261 surveys (demographics, policies and practices, barriers and facilitators) to center directors after new state nutrition standards were implemented in South Carolina. We conducted univariate and bivariate analyses to explore relationships between barriers, facilitators, and center-level characteristics, by CACFP status.

Results: We received 163 surveys (62% response rate). …

Effect Of Exercise Volume On Hdl-Cholesterol: A 7-Year Case Study, David P. Swain

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Faculty Publications

Introduction: While exercise is known to increase HDL-cholesterol, it is not known if larger exercise volumes produce larger increases in HDL. However, the range of exercise volumes used in most training studies is limited. This report presents a case study of a middle-aged male who engaged in large variations of exercise volume over 7 years while frequently measuring HDL. The purpose was to determine if large increases in exercise volume were associated with larger increases in HDL than previously reported.

Methods: The subject maintained detailed logs of his main form of exercise, bicycling. These logs were analyzed to determine the …

Vitamin D3 Supplementation Reduces The Symptoms Of Upper Respiratory Tract Infection During Winter Training In Vitamin D-Insufficient Taekwondo Athletes: A Randomized Controlled Trial, Hyun Chul Jung, Myong-Won Seo, Sukho Lee, Sung Woo Kim, Jong Kook Song

Kinesiology Faculty Publications (Archived)

Vitamin D insufficiency may be associated with increased risk of upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) in athletes. This study examined the effects of vitamin D₃ supplementation on salivary immune functions and symptoms of URTI in vitamin D-insufficient taekwondo athletes. Twenty-five male taekwondo athletes, aged 19–22 years with vitamin D insufficiency [serum 25-hydroxyvitamin-D concentrations (25(OH)D, 31.3 ± 1.39 nmol/L)], participated in this study. They were randomized to receive 5000 IU/day of vitamin D₃ (n = 13) or placebo capsule (n = 12) during 4 weeks of winter training. Blood samples were collected two times (pre- and post-tests) …

Terrestrial Locomotion Of The Northern Elephant Seal (Mirounga Angustirostris): Limitation Of Large Aquatically Adapted Seals On Land?, Kelsey A. Tennett, Daniel P. Costa, Anthony J. Nicastro, Frank E. Fish

Biology Student Work

The aquatic specializations of phocid seals have restricted their ability to locomote on land. The amphibious northern elephant seal, Mirounga angustirostris, is the second largest phocid seal in the world, with males reaching 2700 kg. Although elephant seals are proficient swimmers and deep divers, their extreme size and aquatic specializations limit terrestrial movement. The kinematics of terrestrial locomotion in northern elephant seals were analyzed from video recordings of animals observed on the beach of Añ o Nuevo State Reserve, CA, USA. The seals moved using a series of rhythmic undulations produced by dorsoventral spinal flexion. The traveling spinal wave moved …

The Relationship Between Acute Pain And Dynamic Postural Stability Indices In Individuals With Patellar Tendinopathy, Adam B. Rosen, Jupil Ko, Cathleen N. Brown

Health and Kinesiology Faculty Publications

Background

Patellar tendinopathy is a common condition resulting in persistent pain, frequently reported during physical activity. The relationship between dynamic postural stability and pain in these individuals is unclear and how it may affect postural stability.

Research Question

Is there a relationship between acute pain and dynamic postural stability indices in individuals with patellar tendinopathy?

Methods

Twenty-two recreationally active individuals with patellar tendinopathy participated. Participants performed a two-legged jump and landed on a single test-limb on a force platform. They completed 100 mm visual analogue scales (VAS) before and after landing trials. Anterior-posterior (APSI), medial-lateral (MLSI), vertical (VSI), and composite …

Resistance Training Does Not Induce Uniform Adaptations To Quadriceps, Gerald T. Mangine, Michael J. Redd, Adam M. Gonzalez, Jeremy R. Townsend, Adam J. Wells, Adam R. Jajtner, Kyle S. Beyer, Carleigh H. Boone, Michael B. La Monica, Jeffrey R. Stout, David H. Fukuda, Nicholas R. Ratamess, Jay R. Hoffman

Faculty Articles

Resistance training may differentially affect morphological adaptations along the length of uni-articular and bi-articular muscles. The purpose of this study was to compare changes in muscle morphology along the length of the rectus femoris (RF) and vastus lateralis (VL) in response to resistance training. Following a 2-wk preparatory phase, 15 resistance-trained men (24.0 ± 3.0 y, 90.0 ± 13.8 kg, 174.9 ± 20.7 cm) completed pre-training (PRE) assessments of muscle thickness (MT), pennation angle (PA), cross-sectional area (CSA), and echo-intensity in the RF and VL at 30, 50, and 70% of each muscle’s length; fascicle length (FL) was estimated from …

Energy Cost Associated With Moving Platforms., Carolyn A Duncan, Scott N Mackinnon, Jacques F Marais, Fabien A Basset

Michigan Tech Publications, Part 1

Background: Previous research suggests motion induced fatigue contributes to significant performance degradation and is likely related to a higher incidence of accidents and injuries. However, the exact effect of continuous multidirectional platform perturbations on energy cost (EC) with experienced personnel on boats and other seafaring vessels remains unknown.

Objective: The objective of this experiment was to measure the metabolic ECs associated with maintaining postural stability in a motion-rich environment.

Methods: Twenty volunteer participants, who were free of any musculoskeletal or balance disorders, performed three tasks while immersed in a moving environment that varied motion profiles similar to those experienced by …

Technology-Based Physical Activity Self-Monitoring Among College Students, Zack Papalia, Oliver Wilson, Melissa Bopp, Michele Duffey

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 11(7): 1096-1104, 2018. Understanding the relationship between college students’ physical activity (PA) self-monitoring and PA levels has the potential to inform initiatives to promote PA. This study’s purpose was to examine the prevalence of technology-based self-monitoring among college students the potential relationship between device usage, goal setting behaviors, PA enjoyment, and PA levels. An online survey assessed students' demographics, current PA level, technology-based PA self-monitoring, and psychosocial outcomes. Independent t-tests examined differences in PA level and psychosocial outcomes by device use. 55.5% of the final sample (N=1,154) reported technology-based self-monitoring. Mobile phone app-based PA tracking …

Can Heart Rate Variability Predict The Second Metabolic Threshold In Young Soccer Players?, Gustavo S. Ribeiro, Ubiratan R. Pereira, André L. Lopes

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 11(2): 1105-1111, 2018. Heart rate variability (HRV) is an effective method to assess the influence of the autonomic nervous system, which may be directly linked to metabolic demand. The aim of the study was to determine if the second metabolic threshold can be identified by HRV. Thirteen athletes were assessed in cardiopulmonary exercise test with concomitant gas analysis. The RR intervals (RRi) were plotted in a spreadsheet for graphics analysis and the point at which there was a shift in the RRi curve was determined as RRiT₂. The second ventilatory threshold (VT_{2 …}

Comparison Of Two Static Stretching Procedures On Hip Adductor Flexibility And Strength, Brandon Fjerstad, Roger L. Hammer Dr., Adam Hammer, Gavin Connolly, Karen Lomond, Paul O'Connor

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 11(6): 1074-1085, 2018. It has been shown that acute static stretching (SS) may increase flexibility, improve performance and reduce the risk of muscle strains, but may also result in decreased maximal force output. Literature review revealed little research had specifically been done on the most effective ways to stretch the hip adductor muscles. The purpose was to determine the effects that an acute bout of SS (active vs passive) has on hip adductor flexibility and maintenance of strength. Randomized cross-over study using a 3 X 2 (Condition X Time) repeated measures ANOVA statistical design. Forty …

The Effect Of Active Ankle T1tm Ankle Braces On The Timing Of Muscular Activation In The Leg In Female Varsity Volleyball Players: A Pilot Study, Kylee Kuchta, Sara Potter, Heather Brousseau, Ian Newhouse

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 11(1): 1086-1095, 2018. The objective was to examine the effect of Active Ankle T1^TM ankle braces on the timing of muscular activation of the upper leg in female volleyball athletes during a one-legged landing task. Fourteen healthy female varsity volleyball athletes participated in this study. Each signed a participant recruitment form, consent form, a Physical Activities Readiness Questionnaire (PAR-Q) and completed the injury screening form. A warm up was completed followed by two practice jumps. Each participant was randomly assigned and counterbalanced to a condition to begin with (no brace or brace). Once the …

Normative Values For Self-Reported Benchmark Workout Scores In Crossfit® Practitioners, Gerald T. Mangine, Brant Cebulla, Yuri Feito

Faculty Articles

Background: CrossFit® practitioners commonly track progress by monitoring their ability to complete a variety of standardized benchmark workouts within a typical class setting. However, objective assessment of progress is challenging because normative data does not currently exist for any of these benchmark workouts. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to develop normative values for five common benchmark workouts (i.e., Fran, Grace, Helen, Filthy-50 [F50], and Fight-Gone-Bad [FGB]). Methods: Performance data from 133,857 male (M) and female (F) profiles located on a publicly available website were collected and sorted by sex (i.e., male [M] and female [F]) and competitive age …

Relationships Between Assessments In A Physical Ability Test For Law Enforcement: Is There Redundancy In Certain Assessments?, Karly Cesario, Joe Dulla, Ashley Blood Good, Matthew R. Moreno, J. Jay Dawes, Robert G. Lockie

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 11(4): 1063-1073, 2018. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between tests incorporated into a physical assessment battery (PAT) for a law enforcement (LEA) to determine if there were redundancies (i.e. tests measuring the same qualities). A retrospective analysis of 226 recruits (196 males, 30 females) was conducted. The PAT consisted of: maximal push-ups and sit-ups completed in 60 s; a 75-yard pursuit run (75PR); maximal revolutions completed on an arm ergometer in 60 s; and a 2.4 km run. A one-way ANOVA (p<0.05) determined if there were significant differences in the PAT data between the sexes. Pearson’s correlations (p<0.05) calculated relationships between each of the tests within the PAT, and males and females were analyzed separately. Further, tests that could potentially measure similar qualities, including upper-body endurance (push-ups/arm ergometer), abdominal endurance (push-ups/sit-ups), and aerobic fitness (arm ergometer/2.4 km run) were investigated further with one-sample t-tests to determine agreement. Males performed better than the females in all tests (p≤0.017). There were significant correlations …

Fitness Profiles In Elite Tactical Units: A Critical Review, Daniel Maupin, Thomas Wills, Robin M. Orr, Benjamin Schram

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 11(3): 1041-1062, 2018. Elite tactical units complete a variety of demanding tasks and a high level of fitness is required by this population to perform their occupational tasks optimally. The aim of this critical review was to identify and synthesize key findings of studies that have investigated the fitness profiles of elite tactical units. Included studies were critically appraised, using the Downs and Black checklist, and a level of evidence was determined. Relevant data were extracted, tabulated, and synthesized. Fourteen studies were included for review and ranged in percentage quality scores from 46% to 66% …

Guest Editors' Introduction To The Special Issue, Diversity In Aquatics, Angela K. Beale-Tawfeeq, Steven N. Waller Ph.D., Austin Anderson

International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education

This is the introductory editorial leading off the special issue, "Diversity in Aquatics."

Developing And Implementing A Community-Level Para-Swimming Program, Mariett Teixeira Matias, Milena M. Parent

International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education

The purpose of this study was to examine the basic conditions required to implement a para-swimming program at the community level. This was undertaken using a qualitative benchmarking approach based on documents/literature and semi-structured interviews with representatives from 13 countries as well as from the International Paralympic Committee’s Agitos Foundation. Results indicate that successful community-level para-swimming programs should focus on promoting the inclusion of para-swimmers in swimming clubs, with integration being a step towards inclusion. The basic conditions needed to do so include facilities and logistics, financial, and human resource needs. Findings also highlight the importance of the local context …

Effects Of Resistance Exercise On Postprandial Metabolism In Obese Men With Prediabetes, Adam Bittel

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

Prediabetes is a metabolic condition defined by elevated fasting (impaired fasting glucose (IFG)) and/or postprandial (impaired glucose tolerance (IGT)) glucose. Prediabetes affects nearly 86 million adults in the United States, with most (up to 70%) progressing to type 2 diabetes within as little as one year. Recent studies have indicated that elevated post-prandial glycemia and hypertriglyceridemia are early indicators of prediabetes, and are major risk factors for complications of prediabetes, including cardiovascular disease (CVD), stroke, elevated blood pressure, and obesity. Resistance exercise is a central component of exercise recommendations for individuals with type 2 diabetes and prediabetes, but the effect …

Functional And Skeletal Muscle Impairments In Progressive Diabetic Ckd, Daniel Bittel

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

1-in-3 persons with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) develop chronic kidney disease (CKD), which is characterized by progressive renal dysfunction leading to end-stage renal disease. In response to elevated blood glucose and systemic inflammation of diabetes, a process of active thickening of the renal glomerular basement membrane ensues with concomitant damage to the structural supports (podocytes) of the kidneyճ filtration barrier. This results in impaired renal filtration. The metabolic sequelea of T2DM and CKD also, synergistically, alter skeletal muscleճ degradative pathways, satellite cell function (muscle reparative cells), and mitochondrial health (muscle energetic machinery) -- resulting in muscle breakdown, poor muscle quality, …

Reestablishing A Culture Of Water Competency At An Hbcu, Knolan C. Rawlins

International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education

African American children ages 5 – 19 years drown in swimming pools at rates of 5.5 times higher than those of whites (Gilchrist & Parker, 2014). Literature suggested culture is the culprit for this disparity. A fear of water dates to slavery (Pitts, 2007). After slavery was abolished, the memory of drowning remained part of the African American culture. In the twentieth century, the popularity of swimming grew with the increase in public pools. The era of the Jim Crow laws kept African Americans out of public pools (Pitts, 2007). Although the political landscape has shifted since the Jim Crow …

Comparison Of Motor Skill Learning, Grip Strength And Memory Recall On Land And In Chest-Deep Water, Eadric Bressel, Michiel N. Vakula, Youngwook Kim, David A.E. Bolton, Chris J. Dakin

Kinesiology and Health Science Faculty Publications

Immersion in chest-deep water may augment explicit memory in healthy adults however, there is limited information on how this environment might affect implicit memory or motor learning. The purpose of this study was to compare the speed and accuracy for learning a motor skill on land and in chest-deep water. Verbal word recall and grip strength were included to gain a more complete understanding of the intervention. Sixty-two younger adults (age = 23.3 ± 3.59 yrs.) were randomly assigned to either a water group immersed to the xiphoid or a land group. Participants in both groups completed the same eight …

Running Economy While Running In Shoes Categorized As Maximal Cushioning, Miles A. Mercer, Tori M. Stone, John C. Young, John A. Mercer

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 11(2): 1031-1040, 2018. The purpose of the study was to determine if running economy was influenced by wearing maximal cushioning shoes vs. control (neutral cushioning) shoes. Participants (n=10, age=28.2±6.1yrs; mass=68.1±10.2 kg; height=170±6.1 cm) completed two experiments. Each experiment included running conditions wearing control and maximal cushioning shoes. In Experiment 1, participants ran on a treadmill at three speeds in each shoe condition (6 total conditions). The speeds were: 1) preferred speed, 2) preferred speed + 0.447 m·s^-1, and 3) preferred speed - 0.447 m·s^-1. In Experiment 2, participants ran on a …

Quantification Of Daily Physical Activity And Sedentary Behavior Of Claudicating Patients, Hernan Hernandez, Sara A. Myers, Molly Schieber, Duy M. Ha, Sarah Baker, Panagiotis Koutakis, Kyung-Soo Kim, Constance Mietus, George P. Casale, Iraklis Pipinos

Journal Articles

Background

Methods

A Novel And Safe Approach To Simulate Cutting Movements Using Ground Reaction Forces, Amelia Lanier, Brian Knarr, Nicholas Stergiou, Thomas S. Buchanan

Journal Articles

Control of shear ground reaction forces (sGRF) is important in performing running and cutting tasks as poor sGRF control has implications for those with knee injuries, such as anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) ruptures. The goal of this study was to develop a novel and safe task to evaluate control or accurate modulation of shear ground reaction forces related to those generated during cutting. Our approach utilized a force control task using real-time visual feedback of a subject’s force production and evaluated control capabilities through accuracy and divergence measurements. Ten healthy recreational athletes completed the force control task while force control …

Exoskeleton Assistance Symmetry Matters: Unilateral Assistance Reduces Metabolic Cost, But Relatively Less Than Bilateral Assistance, Philippe Malcolm, Samuel Galle, Pieter Van Den Berghe, Dirk De Clercq

Journal Articles

Background: Many gait impairments are characterized by asymmetry and result in reduced mobility. Exoskeletons could be useful for restoring gait symmetry by assisting only one leg. However, we still have limited understanding of the effects of unilateral exoskeleton assistance. Our aim was to compare the effects of unilateral and bilateral assistance using a within-subject study design.

Methods: Eleven participants walked in different exoskeleton conditions. In the Unilateral conditions, only one leg was assisted. In Bilateral Matched Total Work, half of the assistance from the Unilateral conditions was applied to both legs such that the bilateral sum was equal …

Not Only Static: Stabilization Manoeuvres In Dynamic Exercises – A Pilot Study, Giedrė Vaičienė, Kristina BersˇKienė, Agne Slapsinskaite, Vilma Mauricienė, Selen Razon

Kinesiology Faculty Publications

This study examined characteristics of trunk muscles electrical activity in young adults performed in the course of static and dynamic trunk muscles strengthening exercises using different lumbar spine stabilization manoeuvres. Twenty young adults (Mage = 25.5 SD = 2.91) participated in this study. Of the 20, 11 subjects (5 males and 6 females) reported no history of pain, 9 subjects (5 males and 4 females) reported lower back pain (LBP) within the last three months. Subjects performed lumbar spine stabilization manoeuvres (abdominal bracing (AB) and abdominal hollowing (AH)) with static and dynamic abdominal muscles strengthening exercises (i.e., plank, side-bridges, and …

High-Intensity Functional Training (Hift): Definition And Research Implications For Improved Fitness, Yuri Feito, Katie M. Heinrich, Scotty J. Butcher, Walker S. Carlos Poston

Faculty Articles

High-intensity functional training (HIFT) is an exercise modality that emphasizes functional,multi-joint movements that can be modified to any fitness level and elicit greater muscle recruitmentthan more traditional exercise. As a relatively new training modality, HIFT is often compared tohigh-intensity interval training (HIIT), yet the two are distinct. HIIT exercise is characterized byrelatively short bursts of repeated vigorous activity, interspersed by periods of rest or low-intensityexercise for recovery, while HIFT utilizes constantly varied functional exercises and various activitydurations that may or may not incorporate rest. Over the last decade, studies evaluating theeffectiveness of HIIT programs have documented improvements in metabolic and …

Comparison Of Physical Activity During Zumba With A Human Or Video Game Instructor, Bridgette Schneekloth, Gregory A. Brown

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 11(4): 1019-1030, 2018. Using a physically active video game presents an opportunity for a person to engage in exercise in the privacy of their own home, yet still receive some feedback on the quality of their exercise performance. The purpose of this project was to compare the physical activity between participating in a Zumba exercise class led by a human and using a Zumba video game. Eight women (33.0 ± 3.0 y, 34.8 ± 8.1 % body fat) who regularly participated in a Zumba exercise class were measured for heart rate, number of steps taken, …

Aerobic Fitness Is Of Greater Importance Than Strength And Power In The Load Carriage Performance Of Specialist Police, Jeremy Robinson, Adam Roberts, Shane Irving, Robin M. Orr

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 11(4): 987-998, 2018.Police officers are required to carry external loads as part of their occupation. One means of preparing officers to carry loads is through physical conditioning. The aim of this study was to investigate whether strength, power or aerobic endurance had the greatest association with load carriage performance. Retrospective data from 42 male specialist tactical police officers (mean body weight = 88.8±8.25 kg) informed this study. Baseline data were provided for strength (1 Repetition Maximum [RM] bench press, deadlift, squat and pull-up), lower body power (vertical jump, 10m sprint) and aerobic (‘beep’ test) …

Effect Of A Flying Versus Stationary Start On Wingate Test Outcomes Using An Electromagnetically-Braked Cycle Ergometer In Advanced Resistance-Trained Males, Nicolas W. Clark, Dale R. Wagner, Edward M. Heath

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 11(4): 980-986, 2018.The purpose of this study was to compare power outputs of the flying start to the stationary start method on an electromagnetically–braked cycle ergometer. Twenty advanced resistance-trained men (age 24.6 ± 4.5 years; 25.4 ± 2.5 kg/m²) volunteered to participate in this study. A counter-balanced, repeated-measures design was utilized to randomly assign participants to either the flying start or the stationary start for their first Wingate test. Paired ttests were used to evaluate mean differences between start methods. Peak power (PP), mean power (MP), total work (TW), peak cadence (PC), …