Kinesiology Commons^™

Approaches To Teaching In Kinesiology, Bryan L. Haddock

Q2S Enhancing Pedagogy

This is a syllabus for a new class in the semester system for the Kinesiology department. The syllabus is for KINE 4700, Clinical Exercise Physiology. This course upper division course will review common clinical diseases, disorders, and conditions. Students will review the epidemiology, physiology, and pathophysiology of these conditions. Students will participate in active learning activities, such as the development of videos, in which students will demonstrate and explain how different exercise movements will be utilized. The course will follow an outline derived from information gained in the textbook from the world’s premier sports medicine organization, The American College of …

Comparison Of A-Mode And B-Mode Ultrasound For Measurement Of Subcutaneous Fat, Dale R. Wagner, Masaru Teramoto, Trenton Judd, Joshua P. Gordon, Casey Mcpherson, Adrianna Robison

Kinesiology and Health Science Faculty Publications

With lower-cost devices and technologic advancements, ultrasound has been undergoing a resurgence as a method to measure subcutaneous adipose tissue. We aimed to determine whether a low-cost, 2.5-MHz amplitude (A-mode) ultrasound, designed specifically for body composition assessment, could produce subcutaneous fat thickness measurements comparable to an expensive, 12-MHz brightness (B-mode) device. Fat thickness was measured on 40 participants (20 female, 20 male; 29.7 ± 11.1 y of age; body mass index 24.9 ± 4.5 kg/m²) at 7 sites (chest, subscapula, mid-axilla, triceps, abdomen, suprailiac and thigh) with both devices. Intraclass correlations exceeded 0.75 at all measurement sites. Mean …

Elevator Or Stairs? A Dive Into Patron Decision Making, Lucas D. Elliott, Oliver W.A. Wilson, Melissa Bopp

Topics in Exercise Science and Kinesiology

• When put in a situation to get to higher/lower floors of a building, there are many factors that go into play for whether an individual chooses to take the stairs (active) or ride the elevator (sedentary).
• Students were approached at waiting area for the four elevators in a University Library and were asked series of questions regarding their reasoning for taking the stair or elevator to ascend, as well as their thoughts on the stairwell appearance.
• Point of application #1: Stairwell appearance and aesthetics should be considered during the design process in order to increase use and physical activity amongst …

Early-Morning And Late-Night Maximal Runs: Metabolic And Perceived Exertion Outcomes, Jenna L. Carducci, Matthew J. Garver, Whitley J. Stone, Meera Penumetcha, Dustin W. Davis, Nicolas M. Philipp, Josie N. Hair

Topics in Exercise Science and Kinesiology

• People may exercise at the ends of their day to fit activity into their schedule; the purpose of this investigation was to determine if metabolic or perceived exertion outcomes differed between maximal runs early in the morning and late at night.
• After consuming a standardized, glucose drink, thirteen recreationally active individuals completed an early-morning and a late-night run on the treadmill while researchers measured metabolic (aerobic capacity and substrate usage) and perceived exertion outcomes.
• Point of application #1: Aerobic capacity (maximal consumption of oxygen) and the usage of fat as a fuel to support energy production during exercise were …

Guidelines For Reviewers: Topics In Exercise Science And Kinesiology, James W. Navalta, Donald L. Hoover, Robert Salatto, Whitley J. Stone, Scott Lyons Phd

Topics in Exercise Science and Kinesiology

• The purpose of this document is to serve as a guide for evaluators who agree to review work submitted to Topics in Exercise Science and Kinesiology.
• To assist evaluators, a Reviewer Rubric has been created with the following sections: Title Page and Abstract, Introduction and Methods Page, Point of Application Page(s), Other Considerations, and Reviewer Decisions.
• Point of application: Reviewing the Title and Abstract page – rubric shared for title, author list, affiliations, the abstract, and key words.
• Point of application: Reviewing the Introduction and Methods page – evaluation of introductory paragraph, paragraph for methodology and/or results.
• Point of …

Effects Of Intermittent Pneumatic Compression On Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness (Doms) In Long Distance Runners, Shane Draper, Emily Kullman, Kenneth E. Sparks, Kathleen D. Little, Joan Thoman

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 13(2): 75-86, 2020. The purpose of this study was to observe the effectiveness of intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC) on reducing C-reactive protein (CRP) and DOMS after long distance running.Ten distance runners, five males and five females, ages 20-53 years performed two 20-mile runs at 70% VO₂max. Each run was followed by either no treatment (control) or IPC treatment for five consecutive days. For the IPC run, participants were treated for one hour immediately following the run and daily for five more days thereafter. On control runs, participants did not receive any treatment. …

Continued Play Following Sport-Related Concussion In United States Youth Soccer, Aaron J. Zynda, Meagan J. Sabatino, Henry B. Ellis Jr., Shane M. Miller

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 13(6): 87-100, 2020. Medical guidelines and legislation in the US call for immediate removal from play and prohibit continued play on the same day if a concussion is suspected. However, there is limited literature examining whether these guidelines and laws are being followed in youth soccer. The purpose of this study was to identify the frequency at which youth soccer players continued play on the same day following sport-related concussion and factors that may be associated with this behavior. A retrospective review of youth soccer players diagnosed at the initial clinic visit with a sport-related …

You Say “Goodbye,” And I Say, “Hello, Hello, Hello.”, Mary I. Fisher

Physical Therapy Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

In-Season Hip Thrust Vs. Back Squat Training In Female High School Soccer Players, Nicole A. Millar, Lauren M. Colenso-Semple, Robert G. Lockie, Risto H.J. Marttinen, Andrew J. Galpin

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 13(4): 49-61, 2020. The barbell back squat provides a highly effective training stimulus to improve lower body strength, speed, and power, which are considered key components of athletic performance in many sports. The barbell hip thrust exercise utilizes similar musculature, and is popular among practitioners, but has received far less scientific examination. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of an in-season resistance training program with hip thrusts or back squats on physical performance in adolescent female soccer players. Fourteen players completed identical whole-body resistance training twice per week for 6 weeks, …

Reliability And Test-Retest Agreement Of Mechanical Variables Obtained During Countermovement Jump, Alisson Alves Souza, Martim Bottaro, Valdinar Araujo Rocha Jr, Victor Lage, James J. Tufano, Amilton Vieira

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 13(4): 6-17, 2020. The countermovement jump (CMJ) is often used as performance measure and monitoring tool. Traditionally, jump height (JH) is most often studied and reported, but other variables (e.g. force, velocity, power) can also be obtained during CMJ testing on a force plate. The aim of this study was to determine the intra-rater reliability of mechanical variables obtained during CMJs. For this, 41 physically active men (24 ± 4 years) performed four CMJs on a force plate with an interval of 48 to 168 hours (test-retest design). Six variables were analyzed: 1) jump height …

Rate Of Perceived Exertion And Cardiorespiratory Fitness In Older Adults With And Without Alzheimer's Disease, Andrea Bevan, Eric Dennis Vidoni, Amber Watts

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 13(3): 18-35, 2020. Exercise has many benefits for physical and cognitive health in older adults, yet there are many barriers to exercise adherence in this population. Subjective perception of exercise difficulty, or rate of perceived exertion (RPE), may especially be a barrier to exercise in individuals with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), due to changes in initiation and motivation that accompany changes in cognition and brain function. RPE is the most commonly used measure of subjective effort in exercise research, yet the relationship between RPE and objective fitness is not fully understood in older adults. A better …

Post Exercise Hypotension Following Concurrent Exercise: Does Order Of Exercise Modality Matter?, Whitley J. Stone, Mark A. Schafer, Scott W. Arnett, Scott Lyons

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 13(2): 36-48, 2020. Cardiovascular (CV) and resistance training (RT) can moderate negative effects of aging, disease, and inactivity. Post-exercise hypotension (PEH) has been used as a non-pharmacological means to control and reduce BP. Few have evaluated PEH response following a bout of exercise combining CV and RT, whether or not there is an order effect, or if PEH continues when activities of daily living (ADLs) are resumed. Participants (N= 10) completed a non-exercise control, a graded exercise test (GXT), and two concurrent sessions (CVRT and RTCV). Each session was followed by a 60-minute …

New Author Guidelines In Statistical Reporting: Embracing An Era Beyond P < .05, Samantha Johnson, Whitley J. Stone, Jennifer Bunn, Scott Lyons, James W. Navalta

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 13(1): 1-5, 2020. Statistical reporting of quantitative research data has been plagued by potential bias and reporting suppression due to a single numerical output: the p-value. While there is great importance in its merit, creating a pass-fail system (set at point of .05) has created a culture of researchers submitting their project’s data to a filing cabinet if it does not yield “statistical significance” based on this value. The editors of the International Journal of Exercise Science are following the American Statistical Association’s call for statistical reform by adjusting our reporting guidelines to the …

Use Of Subthreshold Aerobic Activity Versus Rest Alone For Treatment In Patients Diagnosed With A Concussion, Kesenya R. Havlicek

All Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Background: Treatment of concussions has historically included rest until asymptomatic, but the latest concussion consensus statement questioned the effectiveness of this treatment. Ambiguity continues to prevail amongst sports medicine practitioners on whether rest or subthreshold aerobic activity will aid in quicker symptom resolution and shorter duration of the injury. Purpose: Do patients, who have been diagnosed with a concussion, have decreased symptoms and a quicker return-to-play when subthreshold aerobic exercise is used in their treatment versus rest alone? Results: Twenty-five scholarly articles were analyzed using a matrix format and were evaluated with the PEDro Scale, CASP Questionnaire, or a series …

Effectiveness Of Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation On Quadriceps Strength After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction, Matthew Larsen

All Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Background/Purpose:​ With anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries becoming increasingly common in individuals of all ages, it’s important to understand how to best treat the patient after surgery. The purpose of this study is to critically review and evaluate the effectiveness of Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation (NMES) on quadriceps strength after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLr). Problem:​ Many articles look to evaluate how effective the use of NMES is in increasing quadriceps strength after ACLr, but the current literature does not fully agree on the extent of effectiveness. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a critical review of the literature to see …

The Efficacy Of Non-Surgical Interventions In The Treatment And Prevention Of Ankle Sprains And Instability: A Review Of The Literature, Kyle Z. Pelzer

All Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Background: Ankle sprains are a common injury among the high school-aged athletic population. With recurrent ankle sprains leading to chronic ankle instability (CAI), additional research is needed to determine the efficacy of non-surgical interventions for the high school-aged athletic population. Purpose: The purpose of this critical review of literature is to determine the efficacy of proprioception training and/or ankle bracing in the treatment of ankle sprains and the prevention of CAI. Methods/Results: 20 research articles were selected for review. The included topics are proprioception training and the use of an ankle bracing in regard to the non-surgical treatment of ankle …

Does Active Recovery Provide Faster Reduction In Symptoms And A Faster Return To Play For Colege Athletes Compared To Conservative Rest After A Concussion?, Tyller Matthew Robert

All Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Purpose: Sports-related concussions are one of the most hotly debated topics in sports medicine today. Research surrounding concussion has experienced significant growth especially in the areas of incidence, assessment, and recovery. Previously athletes were told to rest after suffering a concussion. Athletes were told to limit physical and cognitive activities; they were instructed to avoid anything that may increase or reaggravate their symptoms. Current research is now recommending active recovery programs and stating that just resting detrimental for athletes after suffering a concussion and can prolong recovery time. Guided aerobic exercise is currently the best recommended form of active recovery. …

Comparison Of Corticosteroid Injections And Platelet-Rich Plasma (Prp) Injections In Improving Symptoms Of Osteoarthritis Of The Knee, Kassi Vold

All Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Background: With the growing prevalence of knee osteoarthritis (OA) in the United States and the rising costs of associated surgery, there has been an increase in the amount of research dedicated to alternative treatments. These treatment options may include various types of injections to the knee. Purpose: The purpose of this critical review is to consider how corticosteroid injections compare to platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections in terms of efficacy in improving symptoms of pain and effusion of the knee in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Results: A total of 17 articles were chosen from databases, including Google Scholar, CLIC, and PubMed. …

Does Imagery Help Psychological Rehabilitation, Xeing Randy Yang

All Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Background: In rehabilitation, athletic trainers should address the psychological aspect of rehabilitation as it is just as important as the physical aspect. Psychological responses an athlete can experience include anxiety, depression, frustration, tension, and a decreased level of self-esteem. These responses can lead to a decreased rate of return to the sport. Purpose: The purpose of this critical review of the research was to examine the following clinical question: Can implementing imagery in rehabilitation in collegiate football players decrease reinjury anxiety in return to play after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Repair (ACLR) compared to standard rehabilitation? Results: There were 20 articles …

Ground Contact Time Imbalances Strongly Related To Impaired Running Economy, Dustin P. Joubert, Nicholas A. Guerra, Eric J. Jones, Erica G. Knowles, Aaron D. Piper

Faculty Publications

Running economy (RE) is defined as the oxygen consumption (VO2) or caloric unit cost required to move at a specific velocity and is an important performance marker. Ground contact time (GCT) has been associated with RE; however, it has not been established how GCT imbalances between feet impact RE. Purpose: Determine the relationship between cadence, GCT, and GCT imbalances and RE. Methods: 11 NCAA Division I distance runners (7 male) completed a graded exercise test on a treadmill to determine lactate threshold (LT) and VO2max. Body composition was also assessed via DEXA. Subjects ran with a heart rate monitor capable …

Comparison Of Post-Activation Potentiating Stimuli On Jump And Sprint Performance, Aaron D. Piper, Dustin P. Joubert, Eric J. Jones, Malcom T. Whitehead

Faculty Publications

Post-activation potentiation (PAP) is a phenomenon characterized by improved muscle performance based on the previous contractile activity of the muscle. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of different potentiating stimuli on jump and sprint performance in 13 resistance trained, college-aged men and women. After determining back squat 1 repetition max, subjects returned for testing on separate days to complete one of four interventions (dynamic resistance, weighted plyometric, isometric, or control) in a randomized order. A standardized warmup was performed, followed by a baseline countermovement jump (CMJ) and 20m sprint. Following warm-up and baseline measurements, subjects performed …

A Novel Item-Allocation Procedure For The Three-Form Planned Missing Data Design, Kyle M. Lang, E. Whitney G. Moore, Elizabeth M. Grandfield

Kinesiology, Health and Sport Studies

We propose a new method of constructing questionnaire forms in the three-form planned missing data design (PMDD). The random item allocation (RIA) procedure that we propose promises to dramatically simplify the process of implementing three-form PMDDs without compromising statistical performance. Our method is a stochastic approximation to the currently recommended approach of deterministically spreading a scale's items across the X-, A-, B-, and C-blocks when allocating the items in a three-form design. Direct empirical support for the performance of our method is only available for scales containing at least 12 items, so we also propose a modified approach for use …

How Exercise Impacts The Brain And Cognition, Cody Larson

Biology and Microbiology Graduate Students Plan B Research Projects

Physical exercise has been shown to impact the brains composition and functionality. The changes that arise in the structure of brain, as result of engaging in physical exercise, give rise to cognitive changes. Structural changes are observed most notably in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. These changes are preceded by elevations in cerebral blood flow, and growth factors, resulting increased neuroplasticity and neurogenesis. Frequency, duration, intensity, and type of physical exercise can have differing effects on the brain. Moderate intensity aerobic exercise presents the most profound improvements in memory, and inhibitory control over time.

Validity And Reliability Of Three-Dimensional Imaging To Measure Limb Volume: A Systematic Review, Rachel Kremer, Madison Elizabeth Wolfe, Noah James Brueckner, Michaela Claire Viola, Mary Insana Fisher

Physical Therapy Faculty Publications

Introduction: Approximately 30% of women treated for breast cancer will develop lymphedema, yet early identification can prevent this occurrence. It is important to accurately and efficiently measure limb volume to identify pre-clinical lymphedema. Three-dimensional (3 D) imaging is emerging as a potential method to meet the need for accuracy and efficiency. The purpose of this review was to evaluate the psychometrics of 3 D imaging to measure limb volume.

Methods: A systematic search of 4 databases was conducted for articles using 3 D imaging to measure limb volume. Articles were included that compared 3 D imaging to water displacement using …

Heart Rate And Rating Of Perceived Exertion During High-Intensity Interval Training: Implications For Prescribing Intensity, Emily R. Dunston, Alan Coelho, Katie Taylor

2020 Symposium Posters

High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is a popular and effective time-efficient alternative to moderate-intensity continuous training for improving cardiorespiratory fitness. However, there is limited research investigating the most effective and practical way to prescribe training intensities for HIIT. PURPOSE: To determine heart rate (HR) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) responses across a bout of HIIT. Additionally, the relationship between HR and RPE was examined. METHODS: Young adults (n=16; age 21.8±1.4 years; 10 females) visited the lab on two separate occasions. At the first visit, participants completed an incremental exercise test on a cycle ergometer to determine peak power output (PPO). …

Affective Response To Upper Body And Lower Body Exercise, Shanelle J. Osorio

Honors Undergraduate Theses

More than one-half of university students in the United States and Canada are not active enough to gain health benefits. Enjoyment of exercise proposes a feasible solution to the absence of motivation surrounding physical activity. The purpose of this study is to compare the differences in reported enjoyment between upper and lower body cycling graded exercise to exhaustion (GXT). Seven university students (23 ± 3 years old; 26 ± 4 kg/m2) performed two randomized graded exercise tests on different days: one for upper body, one for lower body. Feeling Scale (FS) measured the affective response during exercise. Post-exercise enjoyment values …

Determining Risk Factors For Neck Pain Development Due To Smartphone Use Using The Pain Pressure Threshold Test, Sally Barnes

2020 Honors Symposium

BACKGROUND
• Smartphone use has become increasingly popular recently, especially in the young adult population.
• Neck flexion, the most common position when using a smartphone, has previously been linked to neck pain development.

RESEARCH QUESTION:
• Is thirty minutes of smartphone use linked to neck pain development?

Determining Muscle Fatigue From Reading A Smartphone With The Cervical Extensor Fatigue Test, Sarah Davis

2020 Honors Symposium

Background
• Smartphone use has led to pain and injuries associated with neck flexion while looking down.
• It is important to identify exactly how neck flexion during smartphone use leads to neck pain and muscle fatigue.

Purpose
• To measure the effects of neck flexion on neck endurance during smartphone use.

Effects Of Asthma On Lung Function, Aerobic Fitness, And Physical Activity In Young Adults, Trey Deal

2020 Honors Symposium

INTRODUCTION
• Asthma is one of the most commonly diagnosed conditions in the United States, affecting 25 million individuals
• 90% of individuals with asthma will experience exercise-induced bronchoconstriction while performing physical activity (AAFA, 2015)
• In one study, 70% of the participants in the asthma group were classified as “predominantly sedentary” (Hul et al., 2016)
• In one survey, 20% of parents of children with asthma stated they believed exercise is dangerous for their child (Lang, Butz, Duggan, and Serwint, 2004)

OBJECTIVES
• To determine if physical activity differs between those with or without asthma
• To determine if …

The Relationship Between Glucose Levels And Physical Activity, Rebecca Eberle

2020 Honors Symposium

INTRODUCTION
• Elevated glucose levels can increase the risk for disease
• Physical activity behaviors are associated with glucose levels
• Limited research on young adults and their glucose levels compared to activity

OBJECTIVES
• To complete a cross sectional study and determine associations between fasting glucose with physical activity, and fitness