Kinesiology Commons^™

Relationships Between Anthropometry And Maximal Strength In Male Classic Powerlifters, Pierre-Marc Ferland, Antoine Laurier, Alain-Steve Comtois

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 13(4): 1512-1531, 2020. Several studies have determined the influence of physical characteristics on strength. The present quantified the relationships between anthropometry and maximal strength. Male classic powerlifters (n=59) were measured before a championship. Two-tailed Pearson correlation analysis was used. Powerlifters that presented higher relative maximal strength (RMS) in the squat and bench generally had higher body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI), torso circumference (C), waist C/height, torso C/height (r=0.26 to 0.49, p<0.05), and smaller lower leg length (L)/height and forearm L/torso C (r=-0.31 to -0.45, p<0.05) ratios. Powerlifters with a higher % of their deadlift on their total generally presented a smaller BW, BMI, body fat percentage (BF%), waist and torso C, trunk L, waist C/height, torso C/height, trunk L/height, waist C/hip C, thigh L/ lower leg L, trunk L/thigh L ratios (r=-0.26 to -0.49, p<0.05) and higher lower leg L, lower leg L/height, reach/height, and forearm L/torso C ratios (r=0.32 to 0.51, p<0.05). Stepwise regressions revealed that a bigger torso positively predicted absolute maximal strength (AMS) in the squat (β=0.41, p=0.04), the bench (β=0.77, p<0.01), the deadlift (β=0.88, p<0.01) and the total (β=0.89, p<0.01), that a higher torso C/height ratio positively predicted RMS in the squat(β=0.48, p<0.01), the bench (β=-0.87, p<0.01) and the total (β=0.66, p<0.01), and that reach/height positively predicted RMS in the deadlift (β=0.37, p<0.01) and it’s % on the total (β=0.31, p<0.01), but negatively predicted RMS in the bench (β=-0.25, p=0.02) and its % on the total (β=-0.24, p=0.04) As all of the stronger correlations came from AMS, powerlifters should focus on increasing AMS (weight lifted) instead of RMS (Wilks pts).

Effect Of Bout Length On Gait Measures In People With And Without Parkinson’S Disease During Daily Life, Vrutangkumar V. Shah, James Mcnames, Graham Harker, Martina Mancini, Patricia Carlson-Kuhta, John G. Nutt, Mahmoud El-Gohary, Carolin Curtze, Fay B. Horak

Journal Articles

Although the use of wearable technology to characterize gait disorders in daily life is increasing, there is no consensus on which specific gait bout length should be used to characterize gait. Clinical trialists using daily life gait quality as study outcomes need to understand how gait bout length affects the sensitivity and specificity of measures to discriminate pathological gait as well as the reliability of gait measures across gait bout lengths. We investigated whether Parkinson’s disease (PD) affects how gait characteristics change as bout length changes, and how gait bout length affects the reliability and discriminative ability of gait measures …

Vo2, Liking, And Relative Reinforcing Value Of Cooperative And Competitive Exergame Play In Young Children, Jonathan B. Naylor, Beth J. Patton, Jacob E. Barkley

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 13(5): 1501-1511, 2020. The purpose of the current study was to examine physiologic response, liking, and relative reinforcing value (RRV) of children playing an exergame with a friend under two goal structures: competitive and cooperative. A sample of twenty participants (8.7 ± 1.3 years old) and a self-selected friend completed three conditions: rest, competitive, and cooperative play. During the competitive condition, participants played Nintendo Wii Tennis® against their friend. During cooperative play, participants and their friend played together against a computer avatar. During each condition, oxygen consumption (VO₂, ml∙kg-1∙min-1) and liking (visual analog …

Physiological Responses To Counterweighted Single-Leg Cycling In Older Males, Phil Lascola, C. Eric Heidorn, Brandon Pollock, Keith Burns, John Mcdaniel

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 13(2): 1487-1500, 2020. Single-leg cycling (SLC) allows for a greater muscle specific exercise capacity and therefore provides a greater stimulus for metabolic and vascular adaptations compared to double-leg cycling (DLC). The purpose of this investigation was to compare the cardiovascular, peripheral, and metabolic responses of counterweighted (10kg) SLC to DLC in a healthy older male population. Eleven males (56-86 years) performed two cycling modalities consisting of DLC and SLC. For each modality, participants performed 4-minute cycling trials (60rpm) at three work rates (25, 50, 75W). Repeated measures ANOVAs and paired samples T-test (α=0.05) were used …

Comparison Of Physical Fitness Between Sport And Non-Sport Groups Among Elementary School Children, Junjiro Kubo, Saburo Nishimura, Takayuki Ogiwara

Topics in Exercise Science and Kinesiology

• We compared physical fitness factors between sport and non-sport groups of elementary school children in all grades. The subjects of this study were 1,079 1st- to 6th-grade male elementary school children. Their parents completed a questionnaire examining whether the child attended sports lessons as a regular after-school activity. Physical fitness was evaluated by a new physical fitness test recommended by the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (4). The test consists of the following items: 1) Grip strength (kg); 2) Sit-ups (number completed in 30 sec); 4) Sitting front stretches (cm); 5) Side steps (number completed in …

Hydration Efficiency Of A Protein Beverage Consumed In A Bolus Vs. Metered Pattern During Recovery, Chris Mcbride, Tara Boy, Matt Green, Eric O'Neal, Lee Renfroe

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 13(2): 1476-1486, 2020. This study compared hydration efficiency of a carbohydrate-protein (CHO-PRO) beverage consumed in a bolus (BOL) vs. a metered (MET) drinking pattern during recovery from exercise induced hypohydration. Participants (n = 10) lost 2 - 2.5% of body mass from sweating during a morning exercise session. Participants were then assigned to either consume a carbohydrate/electrolyte/protein beverage in a bolus (BOL) or metered incremental consumption (MET) (counterbalanced) pattern post exercise. Total rehydration beverage administered during recovery equaled 125% of fluid lost during exercise. BOL was administered within the first hour of recovery, MET …

Psychosocial Climates Differentially Predict 12- To 14-Year-Old Competitive Soccer Players’ Goal Orientations, E. Whitney G. Moore, Karen Weiller-Abels

Kinesiology, Health and Sport Studies

Youth’s likelihood of participating in sport increases when they maintain a focus on enjoyment, learning, and effort (i.e., task goal orientation) rather than how they compare to others and norms (i.e., ego goal orientation). Achievement goal theory research consistently illustrates the significant influence of leader-created motivational climates on their participants’ goal orientation adoption. However, the influence of caring climate perceptions by highly competitive adolescent athletes on their goal orientation adoption has yet to be examined. Thus, this study assessed how competitive, adolescent soccer players’ perceptions of the climate as caring, task-, and ego-involving predicted their adoption of task and ego …

Training For A Marathon – Responding To A Pandemic, Mary I. Fisher

Physical Therapy Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

We Have A Bone To Pick, Madalyn Foster

Fall Showcase for Research and Creative Inquiry

Join the adventure of life to find out if you know what contributes to osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is diagnosed in 5.1% of men over 65 and in 24.5% of women over 65. Osteoporosis occurs when there has been an excess amount of bone loss or when the body does not make enough bone. Due to this, the bones become brittle and break easily. Factors that increase risk of diagnosis are sex, older age, family history, and diet. Furthermore, lifestyles that can affect the probability of the disease include a sedentary lifestyle, excessive alcohol consumption, and tobacco use. The most commonly affected …

Food Deserts, Linden Kelly

Fall Showcase for Research and Creative Inquiry

Informing about what food deserts in America are and why they are important in hopes to get the word out about them and help solve this crisis.

Long Term Gait, Mobility, And Daily Living Outcomes After Orthopedic Surgery For Youth With Cerebral Palsy: Influence Of Rehabilitation Dose And Setting, Christina Bourantas, Nancy Lennon, Tim Niller, Jason Beaman, M Wade Shrader

Annual Student Research Poster Session

Background/Purpose: Cerebral palsy (CP) is a broad diagnostic description of early brain insult causing motor impairment. To help correct gait abnormalities, many children with CP undergo an orthopedic single event multi-level surgery (SEMLS). After surgery and most importantly SEMLS, rehabilitation is important to recovery. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of post-op therapy setting and dose on functional mobility outcomes for youth with CP.

Methods: Outcome measures included gait deviation index (GDI), walking speed, Pediatrics Outcomes Data Collection Instrument (PODCI), Gross Motor Function Mobility-D (GMFM-D). Data on post-op rehab therapy were retrieved from electronic medical records. …

Moments The Adventure Of Life, Adrienne Fletcher

Fall Showcase for Research and Creative Inquiry

The purpose of the adventure is to educate the public on how decision may impact different health issues. For example, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a chronic lung disease in which the lungs cannot intake as much oxygen and cause obstructed airflow. Symptoms include breathing difficulty, cough, mucus build up and wheezing. Some risk factors are tobacco smoking, secondhand smoking or living in a polluted area.

Strength Of Plantar- And Dorsiflexors Mediates Step Regularity During A High Cognitive Load Situation In A Cross-Sectional Cohort Of Older And Younger Adults, Farahnaz Fallah Tafti, Kristen Watson, Julie Blaskewicz Boron, Sara A. Myers, Kendra K. Schmid, Jennifer M. Yentes

Journal Articles

Background and Purpose:

Completing simultaneous tasks while standing or walking (ie, a high cognitive load situation [HCLS]) is inevitable in daily activities and can lead to interference in task performances. Age-related physical and cognitive changes may confound performance variability during HCLS in older and younger adults. Identification of these confounding effects may reveal therapy targets to maintain optimal physical function later in life. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of increasing the difficulty levels of an additional motor task and restricting visual information, on gait parameters in younger and older adults while considering the effect of …

Effect Of Additional Weight On Human Squat Exercise Stability: Ground Reaction Forces And Centers Of Pressure, Jose Galarza, Dumitru Carantu

Mechanical Engineering Faculty Publications

The main focus of this work is to investigate the effect of weight on the stability of human squat exercise. The squat exercise is a common daily activity. Experiments are conducted using one human subject. A VICON motion analysis system integrated with Force Plates is utilized for these experiments. An experimental protocol is developed and followed. This work analyzes the time series of the normal component of the ground reaction forces and each coordinate of the center of pressure. These time series are used to estimate the Lyapunov Exponents using Rosenstein method. MATLAB software package is used for this investigation. …

Physical And Metabolic Changes After Ileal Pouch-Anal Anastomosis: A Case Study, Jacob Erickson, Patrick Harty, Paul Molling, Richie Stecker, Chad Kerksick, Andrew Jagim

Faculty Scholarship

This case study examined changes in body composition, resting metabolic rate (RMR), aerobic capacity, and daily physical activity in a patient who had ulcerative colitis and underwent ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) surgery. Body composition, RMR, and peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) were assessed prior to surgery and four, eight, and 16 weeks after IPAA surgery. Daily physical activity data were extracted from a wrist-worn activity tracker preoperatively and 16 months postoperatively. At baseline, total body mass was 95.3 kg; body fat, 11.6%; lean body mass, 81.1 kg; RMR, 2416 kcal/d; and VO2peak, 42.7 mL/kg/min. All values decreased from baseline at four …

The Influence Of Thermal Alterations On Prefrontal Cortex Activation And Neuromuscular Function During A Fatiguing Task, Kevin Phillips, Derek Verbrigghe, Alex Gabe, Brittany Jauquet, Claire Eischer, Tejin Yoon

Michigan Tech Publications, Part 1

The purpose of this study was to examine prefrontal cortex (PFC) activation, neuromuscular function, and perceptual measures in response to a fatiguing task, following thermal alterations of an exercising arm. Nineteen healthy adults completed three experimental sessions. At baseline, participants performed maximum voluntary isometric contractions (MVIC) of the elbow flexors. Next, participants submerged their right arm in a water bath for 15 min. Cold (C), neutral (N), and hot (H) water temperatures were maintained at 8, 33, and 44◦C, respectively. Following water immersion, participants performed an isometric elbow flexion contraction, at 20% of their MVIC, for 5 min. Ratings of …

Positive Parenting Approaches And Their Association With Child Eating And Weight: A Narrative Review From Infancy To Adolescence, Katherine N. Balantekin, Stephanie Anzman-Frasca, Lori A. Francis, Alison K. Ventura, Jennifer O. Fisher, Susan L. Johnson

Kinesiology and Public Health

Parents play a critical role in the development of children's eating behaviours and weight status, serving as providers, models and regulators of the food environment. Many research reviews have focused on the robust body of evidence on coercive control in feeding: how parenting practices such as restriction and pressure to eat increase children's risk for developing undesirable eating behaviours and unhealthy weight outcomes. Fewer reviews adopt a strengths-based perspective focusing on the ways that parents can actively support the development of healthy eating behaviours and weight trajectories. Emerging research on such positive parenting styles and practices offers solutions beyond the …

Sex-Based Differences In Concussion Outcomes Among Adolescents And Young Adults, Jacob James Michael Kay

Theses and Dissertations

Concussive injuries among youth are a serious public health concern in the United States, with increasing incidence leading the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to classify these injuries a “silent epidemic.” Though most concussions in youth resolve within a few weeks, a significant proportion (~15-20%) of individuals will experience persisting symptoms that can negatively affect important aspects of social life, as well as academic and vocational performance. Furthermore, guidelines from the most recent Consensus Statement on Concussion in Sport highlight the importance of considering individual characteristics that may modify the nature and outcomes of concussion. Biological sex is one …

Characterizing Patterns Of Adherence To Physical Activity Goals In Behavioral Weight Control, Melissa Lee Stansbury

Theses and Dissertations

Introduction: Many individuals fall short of the physical activity (PA) goals provided during lifestyle programs, and there is considerable variability in weight loss response and adherence to recommendations for behavior change. Weight loss response within the early weeks of program initiation predicts future weight loss success; however, little is known about what distinguishes those who respond well to treatment from those who fail to respond. Exposing the behavioral patterns which underlie weight loss response may point towards targets for treatment optimization. The purpose of this study was to (1) characterize individuals with distinct patterns of adherence to PA goals during …

Measures Of Pediatric Function And Physical Activity In Arthritis, Anna E. Greer, Maura D. Iversen

Exercise Science Faculty Publications

Physical function can be assessed through physical examination with the use of performance-based measures and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs). Each form of assessment provides a unique contribution to the understanding of the impact of rheumatologic conditions on the patient. PROMs of physical function (PF) are an important component of the assessment of children with arthritis and have been included in the recommended core set of measures for childhood arthritis and musculoskeletal conditions. These measures provide the child’s or parent’s perspective of function within the context of daily living. Measures of PF include both generic measures, which are designed for use …

Psychosocial Factors And The Effects Of A Structured Injury Prevention Workshop On Coaches’ Self-Efficacy To Implement The 11+ Exercise Program, Oluwatoyosi Owoeye, Carly Mckay, Anu Räisänen, Tate Hubkarao, Luz Palacios-Derflingher, Carolyn Emery

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 13(5): 1459-1475, 2020. Psychosocial factors have both direct and indirect influence on behavior change. Self-efficacy is a key psychosocial factor driving behavior change. It is an individual’s perceived capability of performing a desired action. Structured injury prevention workshops targeting improvements in psychosocial factors in coaches may enhance the dissemination and implementation of the 11+ program in community settings. This study describes baseline psychosocial factors in youth soccer coaches and the effects of a structured 11+ injury prevention workshop on coaches’ self-efficacy to implement the 11+. An adapted questionnaire based on the Health Action Process Approach …

Age Induced Modifications In The Persistency Of Voluntary Sway When Actively Tracking The Complex Motion Of A Visual Target, Haralampos Sotirakis, Nick Stergiou, Dimitrios A. Patikas, Vassilia Hatzitaki

Journal Articles

Movement persistency, reflected in systematic cycle to cycle fluctuations of a rhythmical task such as walking or voluntary sway, is compromised with increasing age, making older adults more susceptible to falls. In the present study, we tested whether it is possible to improve rhythmic voluntary sway persistency in old age by actively tracking the complex (i.e. persistent) motion of a visual target. Twenty healthy young and 20 older adults performed 132 cycles of anterior-posterior sway under two conditions: a) self-paced sway and b) sway while tracking the vertical motion of a complex visual target. The persistency of sway cycle amplitude …

Musculoskeletal Injury In Reserve Officers' Training Corps: A Report From The Athletic Trainers' Practice-Based Research Network, Kara N. Radzak, Joellen M. Sefton, Mark K. Timmons, Rachel Lopp, Christopher D. Stickley, Kenneth C. Lam

Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences Faculty Research

Background: Reserve Officers’ Training Corps (ROTC) cadets must meet the same physical standards as active duty military servicemembers and undergo organized physical training (PT). ROTC participation, like all physical activity, can result in trainingrelated musculoskeletal injury (MSKI), and of course, cadets could sustain MSKI outside of ROTC. However, MSKI incidence in ROTC programs is largely unknown. Purpose: To describe patient and injury demographics of MSKI in 5 universities’ Army ROTC programs. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: A retrospective chart review of electronic medical records was performed using the Athletic Training Practice-Based Research Network (AT-PBRN). Athletic trainers at 5 clinical …

Functional, Proteomic And Bioinformatic Analyses Of Nrf2- And Keap1- Null Skeletal Muscle, Lie Gao, Vikas Kumar, Neetha Nanoth Vellichirammal, Song-Young Park, Tara L. Rudebush, Li Yu, Won-Mok Son, Elizabeth J. Pekas, Ahmed M. Wafi, Juan Hong, Peng Xiao, Chittibabu Guda, Han-Jun Wang, Harold D. Scultz, Irving H. Zucker

Health and Kinesiology Faculty Publications

Key points

• Nrf2 is a master regulator of endogenous cellular defences, governing the expression of more than 200 cytoprotective proteins, including a panel of antioxidant enzymes.
• Nrf2 plays an important role in redox haemostasis of skeletal muscle in response to the increased generation of reactive oxygen species during contraction.
• Employing skeletal muscle-specific transgenic mouse models with unbiased-omic approaches, we uncovered new target proteins, downstream pathways and molecular networks of Nrf2 in skeletal muscle following Nrf2 or Keap1 deletion.
• Based on the findings, we proposed a two-way model to understand Nrf2 function: a tonic effect through a Keap1-independent mechanism under basal …

Physiological And Perceptual Response To A Live Collegiate Esports Tournament, Thomas Andre, Shana Walsh, Silvio Valladao, Damon Cox

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 13(6): 1418-1429, 2020. Competitive esports has grown rapidly across the globe justifying a need to quantify the physiological stress response to this environment. The purpose of this study was to describe the physiological and perceptual responses in a live collegiate esports tournament. Male members of the University of Mississippi Esports team (n = 14; age = 19.8 ± 1.0 years; BMI = 24.1 ± 5.5) completed the study during the esports Egg Bowl. Heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HrV) were collected pre-, during, and post-competition. Rating of perceived exertion for the session …

Regulatory Fit: Impact On Anxiety, Arousal, And Performance In College-Level Soccer Players, Brianna N. Leitzelar, Lindsey C. Blom, Justin Guilkey, Jocelyn Bolin, Anthony Mahon

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 13(5): 1430-1447, 2020. Sport performance may be facilitated using regulatory fit, which is a match between individuals’ situational strategy and their chronic self-regulatory strategy. However, researchers have not examined the impact of regulatory fit on psychological and physiological components of sport performance, such as anxiety and arousal. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the psychophysiological reactions to regulatory fit by examining anxiety, arousal, and sport performance. Female college-level soccer players (n = 25) were randomly assigned to the regulatory match or regulatory mismatch conditions and completed anxiety (Competitive Sport Anxiety Inventory- 2R, …

Verification Testing To Confirm Vo2max Attainment In Inactive Women With Obesity, Todd A. Astorino, Annie Bryers De La Rosa, Amy S. Clark, Jamie L. De Revere

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 13(4): 1448-1458, 2020. Incidence of obesity is increasing worldwide which is deleterious to health due to its association with increased risk of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and some cancers. Completion of regular physical activity in individuals with obesity increases maximal oxygen uptake (VO₂max). However, whether individuals with obesity can exhibit ‘true’ VO₂max is unresolved. This study examined efficacy of verification testing (VER) to identify ‘true’ VO₂max in 17 inactive women with obesity (age, body fat, and VO₂max = 37 ± 10 yr, 48.7 ± 3.5 %, and 19.4 …

Elementary Classroom Teachers’ Self-Reported Use Of Movement Integration Products And Perceived Facilitators And Barriers Related To Product Use, Roddrick Dugger, Aaron Rafferty, Ethan Hunt, Michael W. Beets, Collin Andrew Webster, Brian Chen, Jeffrey Michael Rehling, Robert Glenn Weaver

Faculty Publications

Movement integration (MI) products are designed to provide children with physical activity during general education classroom time. The purpose of this study was to examine elementary classroom teachers’ self-reported use of MI products and subsequent perceptions of the facilitators of and barriers to MI product use. This study utilized a mixed-methods design. Elementary classroom teachers (n = 40) at four schools each tested four of six common MI products in their classroom for one week. Teachers completed a daily diary, documenting duration and frequency of product use. Following each product test, focus groups were conducted with teachers to assess facilitators …

Sequential Order Of Swing Phase Initiation In Baseball, Ethan Stewart, Megan Stewart, Jeffrey Simpson, Adam Knight, Harish Chander, Robert Shapiro

Kinesiology and Health Promotion Faculty Publications

In order to successfully hit a baseball, hitters must utilize a series of preparatory movements (swing phases) which include shifting their body weight, stepping, landing, and swinging. The purpose of this study was to examine the differences between start times for swing phases (shifting, stepping, landing, and swinging)for currently active baseball players. Participants (n = 12) were all current collegiate baseball athletes. Retroreflective markers, surface electromyography (EMG) and two force platforms were utilized to complete a swing analysis. Each participant completed five swinging trials off a tee. All dependent variables were compared using a repeated measures 1×4 ANOVA with …

Ischemic Preconditioning Does Not Improve Time Trial Performance In Recreational Runners, Alexander Hk Montoye, Clara J. Mitchinson, Olivia R. Townsend, Conner H. Nemmers, Caroline N. Serkaian, Brian C. Rider

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 13(6): 1402-1417, 2020. Some evidence indicates that ischemic preconditioning (IPC) may positively affect endurance exercise performance, but IPC’s effect on running performance is unclear. This study’s purpose was to examine the effect of IPC on running performance in recreational runners. Participants (n=12) completed IPC, a sham (SH) condition, and a leg elevation without blood restriction (LE) control condition on separate days (order randomized). For IPC, blood was restricted using blood pressure cuffs inflated to 220 mmHg at the thigh. For SH, the cuffs were inflated to only 20 mmHg. For LE, participants positioned their legs …