Kinesiology Commons^™

Predicting Location And Training Effectiveness (Plate), Erik Rolf Bruenner

Master's Theses

Abstract Predicting Location and Training Effectiveness (PLATE)
Erik Bruenner

Physical activity and exercise have been shown to have an enormous impact on many areas of human health and can reduce the risk of many chronic diseases. In order to better understand how exercise may affect the body, current kinesiology studies are designed to track human movements over large intervals of time. Procedures used in these studies provide a way for researchers to quantify an individual’s activity level over time, along with tracking various types of activities that individuals may engage in. Movement data of research subjects is often collected through …

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The Effect Of Caffeine Supplementation On Resistance And Jumping Exercise: The Interaction With Cyp1a2 And Adora2a Genotypes, Emilia Zawieja, Agata Chmurzynska, Jacek Anioła, Bogna Zawieja, Jason Cholewa

Kinesiology

Purpose: To evaluate the association of CYP1A2 and ADORA2A gene polymorphisms, paraxanthine concentrations, and habitual caffeine (CAF) intake with respect to muscular performance after acute CAF supplementation. Methods: A total of 27 resistance-trained males participating in the study ingested either 5 mg/kg of CAF or PL 45 min before a battery of exercise tests in a cross-over design. DNA was tested for the rs5751876 and rs762551 polymorphisms. Results: CAF improved performance in jumping average power, average velocity, max velocity, bench press in the first set, and peak power in the second set. For the CYP1A2 genotype, C allele carriers improved …

Predictive Ability Of A 3d Body Scanning Mobile Application For Metabolic Health Risk, Caleb Brandner

Master's Theses

There is an increasing prevalence of obesity within the US and rising rates of metabolic syndrome among those aged 20-39 concurrent with a decrease in the reception of primary care. Limitations to healthcare including access, cost, and availability, highlighting the need for simple, efficient, and accessible cardiometabolic health risk screening. Given the surge in smartphone ownership over the last decade, this study sought to determine the predictive ability of a mobile 3D-optical (3DO) body composition assessment application in determining metabolic health risk. A total of 62 participants (female: 36) underwent traditional anthropometric measurements, 3DO body scanning using a smartphone application, …

Novel Approach For Non-Invasive Prediction Of Body Shape And Habitus, Emma Young

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

While marker-based motion capture remains the gold standard in measuring human movement, accuracy is influenced by soft-tissue artifacts, particularly for subjects with high body mass index (BMI) where markers are not placed close to the underlying bone. Obesity influences joint loads and motion patterns, and BMI may not be sufficient to capture the distribution of a subject’s weight or to differentiate differences between subjects. Subjects in need of a joint replacement are more likely to have mobility issues or pain, which prevents exercise. Obesity also increases the likelihood of needing a total joint replacement. Accurate movement data for subjects with …

Biomechanical And Psychophysical Underpinnings Of Balance Dysfunction In Individuals With Traumatic Brain Injury, Naphtaly Ehrenberg

Dissertations

Falls are a major burden on healthcare infrastructure, especially in older adults and even more so in older individuals that are living in institutions. According to data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), from 2010 to 2020, unintentional falls were the leading cause of nonfatal emergency department visits for all age groups except among individuals from 15-24 years of age, where unintentional falls ranked a very close second to being unintentionally struck by or against. Among older individuals living in the community, approximately 30-35% fall at least once in a given year, and around three times as …

Coordination Rigidity In The Gait, Posture, And Speech Of Persons With Parkinson’S Disease, Dobromir Dotov, Valérie Cochen De Cock, Valérie Driss, Benoît Brady, Simone Dalla Bella

Journal Articles

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is associated with reduced coordination abilities. These can result either in random or rigid patterns of movement. The latter, described here as coordination rigidity (CR), have been studied less often. We explored whether CR was present in gait, quiet stance, and speech—tasks involving coordination among multiple joints and muscles. Kinematic and voice recordings were used to compute measures describing the dynamics of systems with multiple degrees of freedom and nonlinear interactions. After clinical evaluation, patients with moderate stage PD were compared against matched healthy participants. In the PD group, gait dynamics was associated with decreased dynamic divergence—lower …

Ergodic Characterization Of Nonergodic Anomalous Diffusion Processes, Madhur Mangalam, Ralf Metzler, Damian G. Kelty-Stephen

Journal Articles

Anomalous diffusion in various complex systems abounds in nature and spans multiple space and time scales. Canonical characterization techniques that rely upon mean squared displacement break down for nonergodic processes, making it challenging to characterize anomalous diffusion from an individual time-series measurement. Nonergodicity reigns when the time-averaged mean square displacement differs from the ensemble-averaged mean squared displacement even in the limit of long measurement series. In these cases, the typical theoretical results for ensemble averages cannot be used to understand and interpret data acquired from time averages. The difficulty then lies in obtaining statistical descriptors of the measured diffusion process …

Comparison Of The Accuracy Of The Bodymetrixtm Ultrasound Three-Site And Seven-Site Body Fat Percentage Tests In Active Females, Paige Prestigiacomo

Master of Science in Kinesiology

The accurate assessment of body composition can be an important aspect for individuals seeking to maintain their health and optimize performance. The BodyMetrix^TM Ultrasound (BMU) is becoming increasingly popular due to its portability, however conflicting research results regarding the accuracy are present, specifically in the female population. The purpose of this study aimed to compare the three-site and seven-site BMU in active, college-aged females to air plethysmography (BOD POD). Fourteen female participants were included in the study. The average participant was 20.29±1.54 years old, 165.46±5.51 cm tall, and 63.76±8.06 kg. Participants had all three body composition tests conducted on …

The Effects Of Music Tempo On Arithmetic Cognition Testing, Heart Rate, And Perceived Stress, Katelyn Allton, Matthew Chapin

Applied Health Sciences Student Works

Thirty-one participants signed up for one 60-minute appointment. The participants took four Arithmetic Tests and rated their perceived stress for each test. The first was a pre-test which allowed the participants to practice the procedure, and no results were recorded. The second was the control test with no music played. The third and fourth tests were randomized to include the fast-tempo or the slow-tempo song. The data recorded was time (in seconds), heart rate, test score (percent correct), and Likert Scale score (number from 1-10) following each test. The data was all recorded in a secure, password-protected online excel sheet. …

Betaglycan Promoter Activity Is Differentially Regulated During Myogenesis In Zebrafish Embryo Somites, Lizbeth Ramírez-Vidal, Tonatiuh Molina-Villa, Valentín Mendoza, Carlos Alberto Peralta-Álvarez, Augusto Cesar Poot-Hernández, Dobromir Dotov, Fernado López-Casillas

Journal Articles

Background

Betaglycan, also known as the TGFβ type III receptor (Tgfbr3), is a co-receptor that modulates TGFβ family signaling. Tgfbr3 is upregulated during C2C12 myoblast differentiation and expressed in mouse embryos myocytes.

Results

To investigate tgfbr3 transcriptional regulation during zebrafish embryonic myogenesis, we cloned a 3.2 kb promoter fragment that drives reporter transcription during C2C12 myoblasts differentiation and in the Tg(tgfbr3:mCherry) transgenic zebrafish. We detect tgfbr3 protein and mCherry expression in the adaxial cells concomitantly with the onset of their radial migration to become slow-twitch muscle fibers in the Tg(tgfbr3:mCherry). Remarkably, this expression displays …

The Effectiveness Of Eye-Hand Coordination Training In Virtual Reality, Kelley Burger

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Virtual environments (VE) and virtual reality (VR) through head-mounted displays (HMD) have been used to test and train eye-hand coordination skills in a way that is more immersive than traditional 2D video training. As this technology continues to evolve, researchers have sought to determine the degree to which these new technologies can augment training. This research attempts to expand the literature on sport skill training in VE and VR to elucidate the training protocols that support learning. The first study was designed to determine how a single session of occlusion training would affect football catching skills in VR. While adding …

Comparative Analysis Between Physical Activity Affect And Discrete Emotions In College Students, Kelly L. Simonton, Timothy M. Dasinger, Alex C. Garn

International Journal of Physical Activity and Health

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate empirical distinctness and overlap between physical activity (PA) affect and emotions as well as potential unique relationships with PA beliefs and behaviors. Specifically, researchers wanted to explore the level of shared variance amongst discrete emotions and affect, which in effect tested the jingle-jangle fallacy that can be present in psychometric evaluation of related constructs.

Participants: College students (N=519; Mage= 20.47) enrolled in PA courses at two universities in the Southeastern United States completed questionnaires concerning their PA related emotions, affect, self-efficacy, and self-reported PA.

Methods: …

Confidence And Exercise: Is There A Link Between Exercise And Percieved Confidence?, Jocelyn I. Simpson, Tatum R. Dickison

2023 Symposium

High self-confidence is crucial in social, work, and academic settings. Previous research suggests that individuals with greater confidence tend to be healthier and happier. (ŞAHİN et al., 2016).

PURPOSE: To investigate whether exercise intervention (resistance training (RT), aerobic training (AT), no exercise (NE)) could increase perceived confidence levels before an academic test. It was hypothesized that participants who exercised before the test would have higher perceived confidence levels compared to those who did not.

METHODS: Eastern Washington University students (n=18, 12 males), between the ages of 18-40 were recruited. Participants were randomized into one of the interventions (AT, RT, NE). …

Effect Of Static Stretching On Agonists, Antagonists, And Agonist-Antagonist Combination On Total Training Volume, Diego Pessoa, Henrique Penfold, Sincler Pegado, Michel Gonçalves, Juliana Brandão Pinto De Castro, Jeffrey Willardson, Humberto Miranda

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 16(4): 665-675, 2023. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of static stretching (SS) of agonists and antagonists between sets on the total training volume (TTV) performed across multiple sets for the leg extension exercise. Twelve male subjects with experience in resistance training (RT) participated in this study. Subjects performed 10 repetition maximum (10RM) test and retest trials for the leg extension exercise. Four different protocols were randomly applied as follows: quadriceps stretching (AG); hamstrings stretching (AN); quadriceps and hamstrings stretching (AGN); and traditional control without stretching (TR). Significant differences (p≤0.05) were …

Cardiovascular Responses During Light-Intensity Aerobic Exercise With Varying Levels Of Limb Occlusion Pressures., William R. Vanwye, Alyssa M. Weatherholt, Lee J. Winchester, Johnny G. Owens, Micah Spears

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 16(2): 676-687, 2023. The study aimed to assess cardiovascular responses to low-intensity aerobic exercise with varying levels of limb occlusion pressures (LOP) in a healthy population of men and women 30 to 60 years. The study was a single-session repeated measures design. Thirty individuals completed the study. All subjects participated in a single bout of low-intensity cycling (30-39% HRR) with bilateral lower extremity (LE) BFR for four 5-minute stages [0% (No BFR), 40%, 60%, and 80% LOP] with a 2-minute active rest between stages (BFR pressure released). The subjects’ systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood …

Active Transportation, Context, And Community Participation: Engaged Citizens And Destination-Based Walking And Biking, Jessica Stroope

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Active transportation is associated with many benefits, including improved health outcomes, higher commuting satisfaction, lower pollution, reduced traffic, and social capital. One understudied area of research on active transportation and social capital is the relationship between active transportation and community participation. Although prior work has established a connection, little is known about the contexts in which this relationship may occur, or about how active transportation may affect the relationship between a context and community participation.

The purpose of Chapter 3 is to examine how active transportation may mediate the relationship between perceptions of place and community participation. Significant work has …

Validity Of Fitbit And Garmin Devices While Ascending And Descending Flights Of Stairs, Alan Garcia

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Two popular wearable fitness device brands are Fitbit and Garmin. The validity of Fitbit and Garmin’s wrist-worn devices in measuring step counts in various settings, such as walking up and down a staircase, is unclear. PURPOSE: To determine if four devices, the Fitbit Charge 2, Fitbit Versa 2, Garmin Fēnix 5 and Garmin Vívosmart HR+ record valid measures of step count when ascending and descending flights of stairs at three different speeds. METHODS: Twenty-eight participants (n=28) were tested individually. Two devices were randomly selected to be placed on each wrist. Participants climbed up and then down one, two, and three …

The Effects Of Acute Exercise Intensity On Memory: State-Dependent Learning, Lauren E. Fuglaar, Rylie S. Mangold, Sierra N. Petty

Honors Theses

The Encoding-Specificity Paradigm states that memory recall will be enhanced when contextual factors are congruent between memory encoding and memory retrieval (i.e., state-dependent learning). However, minimal research has evaluated this paradigm in the exercise domain. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of acute exercise intensity on memory while considering these potential state-dependent effects. Forty-eight university students completed a within-subject experiment involving seven laboratory visits, during which they encoded a list of 15 words and were subsequently asked to free-recall as many of these words as possible. The encoding and retrieval phases were matched or mismatched by …

Barriers To Exercise In A Medical Unit Of Us Army Reservists: An Exploratory Study, Madelyn B. Huhn, Elizabeth A. Kleitz, Namuna Sunar

Undergraduate Research Journal for the Human Sciences

Military Reservist healthcare workers must meet physical fitness standards similar to those on active duty. They, however, experience a unique occupational environment as citizen Soldiers. Their civilian careers as healthcare workers and their positions in the military both demand shift work, long hours, and critical response to high stress events. For a small group of Reservists working in civilian healthcare occupations who also serve in medical roles in the military, this exploratory study aimed to describe any perceived barriers to exercise. Although over 60% of respondents to an exercise barriers scale perceived physical and social health as the top benefits …

Eco-Interoception: What Plants, Fungi And Protista Have Taught My Body, Sara Riley Dotterer

Art Theses and Dissertations

To me, ecology is the relational, full-body awareness that I am made up of and deeply connected to everything around me; and for better or worse, this is reciprocal. I form ecotones, an ecological transitional zone between two ecosystems, with the world around me. I use this ecotonal lens to blur binaries and dissolve boundaries between me and the world “outside my body.” During my Masters of Fine Arts at Southern Methodist University, I have continuously explored and represented the lives of various more-than-human species outside of my body, including plants, fungi and protista through an ecotonal lens. Although these …

The Effect Of Sleep Chronotype On Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Kimberly C. Bennett

Senior Honors Projects, 2020-current

Purpose: To examine the effect of sleep chronotype and sleep quality on one’s ability to perform a maximal treadmill test in the morning and evening.

Methods: 13 individuals [age = 20.08 ± 1.04 yr] completed three graded exercise tests (GXT) on a treadmill. The familiarization test was done first at any time of day. The experimental trials were labeled as the “morning GXT” and the “evening GXT”. Experimental tests, completed in random order, were performed 7-14 days following the familiarization test between 7:00 and 9:00 am for the morning GXT and between 6:00 and 8:00 pm for the …

Isokinetic Dynamometer Leg Extensor Peak Torque Measurement: A Time-Delayed Reliability And Score Selection Analysis Study, Brennan J. Thompson, Jennifer Xu

Kinesiology and Health Science Faculty Publications

The reliability of isokinetic peak torque (PT) has been reported mostly using a short-term ( < ~10 day) inter-trial testing time frame. However, many studies and programs utilize a long-term (several weeks to months) inter-trial testing period. Additionally, the methods by which the PT value is selected and reported from a multiple rep testing scheme have not been well investigated for both reliability and PT absolute performance comparisons. The purpose of this study was to investigate the long-term reliability of isokinetic and isometric PT of the leg extensors with an emphasis on the differences among several PT score selection methods. Thirteen men and women (age = 19.5 years) underwent two testing trials separated by 28.8 (±1.8) days. Testing included maximal voluntary contractions of three sets of three reps for two isokinetic contraction conditions of 60 (Isok60) and 240 (Isok240) deg/s velocities, and three sets of one rep of isometric contractions for the leg extensors. The PT score was derived from seven different methods (see text for descriptions). Reliability as assessed from intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) varied widely across contraction conditions and PT score selection parameters. The Isok60 velocity overall had lower reliability (ICCs = 0.48–0.81) than Isok240 (0.77–0.87) across the conditions whereas the isometric PT variables showed moderate reliability (0.71–0.73). Overall the set 1 PT score selection parameters were generally lower (p ≤ 0.05) than those that involved sets two and three. Systematic error (p ≤ 0.05) was shown for 6 out of the 17 PT selection variables. On a subjective interpretation basis, when taking everything into account the best overall combination of time/trial efficiency, reliability, best/highest PT score parameter, and reduced risk of systematic bias appears to be the PT variable that uses the average of the highest two reps of the first two sets of three reps—i.e., averaging the highest two values of the six total reps from the first two sets.

The Consequences Of Low Energy Availability Related To Relative Energy Deficiency In Male Athletes: A Systematic Review, Lauryn Bailey

Theses and Dissertations

RED-S is a syndrome that stems from low energy availability (LEA) in athletes. It can impact numerous physiological and psychological functions, as well as negatively affect performance. Because RED-S is a relatively new syndrome, there are few studies showing the impact of RED-S on performance and physiological factors. The aim of this systematic review was to examine the consequences of induced LEA in relation to RED-S in male athletes. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, Five studies were deemed eligible based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Studies measured risk of RED-S through body composition, bone …

Effects Of Increased Shoe Collar Height And Limb Dominance On Landing Knee Biomechanics In Collegiate Volleyball Players, Lindsey Legg

Master's Theses

Athletic footwear with higher collar heights are worn to restrict ankle motion. Reduced ankle dorsiflexion has been associated with increased frontal plane knee motion. Volleyball players wear mid-cut shoes (MC) that have an increased collar height rising slightly superior to the talocrural joint and malleoli. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of MC and limb dominance on knee landing mechanics. It was hypothesized that participants would land with greater initial contact (IC) and peak frontal joint plane angles and moments and smaller IC and peak sagittal plane joint angles and moments at the knee in MC …

Locomotion And Life History In A Leaping Primate: Mechanics And Energetics Of Movement Throughout The Propithecus Lifespan, Nicholas Heslep

Masters Theses, 2020-current

Arboreal primates are typically altricial, exhibit long juvenile periods, and use dynamic locomotor behaviors that can be challenging and risky. Sifaka (Propithecus verreauxi) have particularly slow life histories for their size, with long juvenile periods, protracted reproductive careers, and long life spans. Slow somatic growth poses potential mechanical challenges for juvenile sifaka who use thigh-powered vertical clinging and leaping to follow group members during travel. I examined mechanical and energetic costs of movement in developing sifaka. I instrumented 8 wild sifaka (3 yearlings, 3 subadults, 2 adults) in 4 social groups with inertial sensors measuring tri-axial acceleration for …

Utility Of Including A Verification Stage When Vo2max Testing In Normobaric Hypoxia, Brittany Roenker

Masters Theses, 2020-current

Purpose: The objective of this study was to determine the utility of including a verification stage when assessing maximum oxygen consumption (VO_2max) in normobaric hypoxia (i.e., simulated high altitude), compared to sea level. A secondary aim was to assess the efficacy of primary and secondary criteria (VO₂ plateau, RER, maximum heart rate) traditionally used to confirm the attainment of VO_2max during the graded exercise test (GXT), in both normoxia and hypoxia. Methods: Twenty male (n=15) and female (n=5) subjects completed two separate cycling VO_2max trials, each consisting of a traditional GXT and a verification stage, …

Impact Of Creatine Supplementation On Repeated Sprint Performance In Normobaric Hypoxia, Anthony Russomano

Masters Theses, 2020-current

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of creatine supplementation (CrS) on repeated sprint performance in both normoxia and normobaric hypoxia (simulated altitude ~3,000 m). Methods: Nineteen recreationally trained cyclists were randomly assigned to one of two groups; one received six days of either CrS (n = 12; 0.3 g/kg of body mass of creatine monohydrate) and the other received six days of placebo (PLA; n = 7; 0.3 g/kg of maltodextrin). All subjects completed separate trials in normoxia (inspired O₂ = 20.93%) and hypoxia (O₂ = 15%) before and after the supplementation …

Effects Of Beetroot Juice Supplementation On Cycling Performance In Normoxic And Hypoxic Conditions, Averi Firari

Masters Theses, 2020-current

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of dietary nitrate supplementation on physiological responses and cycling performance in recreationally trained (RT; VO_2max = 44 ± 7 ml/kg/min), and highly trained (HT; VO_2max = 66 ± 5 ml/kg/min) cyclists in both normoxic (NO; 20.9% FiO2) and hypoxic (HYP; 15.2% FiO2) conditions. Methods: 13 cyclists completed 4 exercise trials over the course of 4 weeks. For 3 days prior to each trial, subjects consumed 12.8 mmol of supplemental nitrates [from 140mL/d of concentrated beetroot juice (BRJ)] or placebo (PLA; 140mL/d de-nitrated beetroot juice). Subjects completed trials …

Combining Exercise With Cognitive Training And Vitamin D, Nick W Bray, Frederico Pieruccini-Faria, Suzanne T Witt, Robert Bartha, Timothy J Doherty, Lindsay S Nagamatsu, Quincy J Almeida, Teresa Liu-Ambrose, Laura E Middleton, Louis Bherer, Manuel Montero-Odasso

Kinesiology Publications

Changes in functional brain connectivity (FBC) may indicate how lifestyle modifications can prevent the progression to dementia; FBC identifies areas that are spatially separate but temporally synchronized in their activation and is altered in those with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), a prodromal state between healthy cognitive aging and dementia. Participants with MCI were randomly assigned to one of five study arms. Three times per week for 20-weeks, participants performed 30-min of (control) cognitive training, followed by 60-min of (control) physical exercise. Additionally, a vitamin D

Du Undergraduate Showcase: Research, Scholarship, And Creative Works, Caitlyn Aldersea, Justin Bravo, Sam Allen, Anna Block, Connor Block, Emma Buechler, Maria De Los Angeles Bustillos, Arianna Carlson, William Christensen, Olivia Kachulis, Noah Craver, Kate Dillon, Muskan Fatima, Angel Fernandes, Emma Finch, Colleen Cassidy, Amy Fishman, Andrea Francis, Stacia Fritz, Simran Gill, Emma Gries, Rylie Hansen, Shannon Powers, Jacqueline Martinez, Zachary Harker, Ashley Hasty, Mykaela Tanino-Springsteen, Kathleen Hopps, Adelaide Kerenick, Colin Kleckner, Ci Koehring, Elijah Kruger, Braden Krumholz, Maddie Leake, Lyneé Alves, Seraphina Loukas, Yatzari Lozano Vazquez, Haley Maki, Emily Martinez, Sierra Mckinney, Audrey Mitchell, Kipling Newman, Audrey Ng, Megan Lucyshyn, Andrew Nguyen, Stevie Ostman, Casandra Pearson, Alexandra Penney, Julia Gielczynski, Tyler Ball, Anna Rini, Christina Rorres, Simon Ruland, Helayna Schafer, Emma Sellers, Sarah Schuller, Claire Shaver, Kevin Summers, Isabella Shaw, Madison Sinar, Claudia Pena, Apshara Siwakoti, Carter Sorensen, Madi Sousa, Anna Sparling, Alexandra Revier, Brandon Thierry, Dylan Tyree, Maggie Williams, Lauren Wols

DU Undergraduate Research Journal Archive

DU Undergraduate Showcase: Research, Scholarship, and Creative Works