Beef Science Commons^™

Monensin, Protein Supplementation And Tylosin For Feedlot Cattle, Roger N. Gates

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Scientific research has made substantial contributions to the efficiency of American agriculture. Livestock producers in particular have benefited from the extensive study of animal nutrition. Nutrient requirements of animals and the nutrient composition of feeds are essential to efficient and economical feeding of farm animals. Research over many years has provided considerable information on animal requirements and feed composition. While there are still many gaps of knowledge in those areas, available information allows wise choice in selecting feedstuffs and using them in various combinations to meet animal requirements for various productive purposes. Feed costs represent the single largest expenditure in …

Utilization Of Whole Aspen Tree Material As A Ruminant Feed Component, Mahendra Singh

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

A series of three separate experiments were conducted to determine the value of aspen tree (Populus tremuloides Michx.) as a ruminant feed component in growing, finishing and wintering rations. The entire tree, including the branches, leaves and bark, was fed to Hereford steers and commercial bred stock cows. In experiment 1, sixty steers were randomly allotted to six treatments of ten each. The six treatment rations were: 93% alfalfa as control, 12% aspen, 24% aspen, 36% aspen, 48% aspen and 48% aspen (with 4% sodium hydroxide). Soybean meal was included in aspen rations in a ratio of 40% soybean meal …

Bulletin No 3988 - Farm Beef Butchering, Western Australian Department Of Agriculture

Bulletins - 3000 - 3999

Killing and dressing beef on the farm can considerably reduce costs of meat and be very convenient. However practice is necessary for professional results, and some means of storage of the large quantity of meat is required. In a freezer, each litre of storage space will store about half a kilogram of meat.

Keep standards of hygiene to a very high level to minimise the risk of contracting disease, and refrigerate the meat as soon as possible to avoid food poisoning.

There is always a risk that diseases such as tuberculosis or anthrax could be transmitted if an infected carcass …

Ak-Sar-Ben Beef Seminar Ill, Knights Of Ak-Sar-Ben

University of Nebraska Historical Extension: Bulletin

Opening Remarks - Mr. Robert G. Volk

"Objectives of 4-H" - Dr. William E. Caldwell

Moderator's Remarks - Dr. Frank H. Baker

"Carcass Characteristics of Various Breed Crosses" — Dr. Robert Koch

Production Committee Report - Mr. Chuck Schroeder

Judges Committee Report - Dr. Miles McKee

Marketing and Distribution Report - Mr. Carl Gardner

Education Committee Report - Dr. Joe Hughes

Summary of Ak-Sar-Ben Beef Seminar III - Moderator

News Release on Ak-Sar-Ben Beef Seminar III

Bulletin No 3966 - Vitamin A And Animal Health, J. Johnson

Bulletins - 3000 - 3999

Vitamin A is one of the essential vitamins for animal health. Grazing animals obtain their vitamin A requirements mostly from the carotene in green feed. This carotene is converted to Vitamin A in the intestinal wall and is passed to the liver and to a less extent the kidneys for storage. Some carotene also passes direct to the liver where it is stored before it is converted to vitamin A.

When dry pastures, hay and grains (except maize) are low in carotene content this ability of the animals to store vitamin A means that they usually have enough when there …

Mathematical Models Of Postweaning Growth, Feed Intake And Carcass Composition Of Beef Cattle, Hoon Song

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

A computer model was developed to evaluate the energetic efficiency of postweaning beef production of various biological types of cattle fed rations with different energy densities. In Section I, a mathematical model was developed to estimate voluntary feed intake for growing cattle from weaning to slaughter. The mathematical model included effects of differences in energy density and crude fiber content of the ration and in breed and degree of maturity of cattle on feed intake. When gastrointestinal tract distension controlled feed consumption, the primary factors determining feed intake were (1) rate of excretion of digesta, (2) rate of digestion, (3) …

Growth, Reproduction And Blood Characteristics Of Hereford Females, Harold R. King

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The objective of this experiment was to measure the effects of level of wintering nutrition and pasture treatment upon growth and reproduction of Hereford heifers from weaning to 4 1/2 years of age. Levels of certain blood constituents were determined at periodic intervals throughout the study as additional indicators of adequacy in intake for some major nutrients and for measures of general health of the animals. Data pertaining to weight and feed are reported in the English system, even though the metric system was used in the Review of Literature section. This was considered desirable in view of present common …

Beef Marketing As A Guide To Production Techniques, D J. Barker

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Until about a year ago beef was in strong demand. Almost anything was marketable at favourable prices and good profits could be made even if the production process was wasteful in some respects.

Now the tide has turned. The demand for beef is weak, prices are low and some types of beef are virtually unsaleable. Now more than ever it is important to look critically at the factors which affect beef quality and to seek ways of reducing waste in both feed used and end products marketed.

This article examines production and marketing of beef and points out some inadequacies …

Bulletin No 3887 - Cattle Yard Construction, Western Australian Department Of Agriculture

Bulletins - 3000 - 3999

Good cattle yards allow animals to be handled quietly, safely and efficiently. If yards are well designed, animal uneasiness is minimised and so, too, are frayed tempers.

This bulletin outlines general points of cattle yard design and construction. There are many and varied cattle yard designs in use—many good ones and some bad ones. This bulletin should help in avoiding the bad ones.

Gonadal Hormone Levels Prior To And Following Puberty In Straightbred And Crossbred Beef Heifers, Walter Ronald Parker

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Five heifers from each of four breed groups (Angus x Angus, Charolais x Charolais and the two reciprocal crosses) were used in a study of gonadal hormone levels during the interval from 16 weeks before puberty to puberty (trial I). Puberty was defined as the first standing estrus. Two heifer calves from dams from each of the above breed groups and sired by a single Polled Hereford bull were used in a study of gonadal hormone levels from birth to weaning (trial II). Blood samples were collected at weekly intervals from trial I heifers before puberty and three times weekly …

Partial Budgeting For Dairy And Beef Farmers, Department Of Agriculture, Western Australia

Farm Systems and Economics published reports

A Programmed text.

A PROGRAMMED INSTRUCTION WORKBOOK.

This book is designed to show you how to draw up partial budgets.

If you are like most farmers you are probably searching for different ways of running your farm to increase farm income. Choices between alternatives are very difficult, and require a great deal of careful thought and planning, especially where large cash outlays are involved. But to decide how, where and what to produce with any confidence you need to consider all the physical and financial angles. Doing this in your head, or on the back of an envelope is hard, …

Ec73-1907 Internal Parasites Of Cattle, D. L. Ferguson

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Extension Circular 73-1907 is about internal parasites in cows and how they affect cattle production.

Internal parasites continue to be one of the major problems confronting cattle producers. In 1965, the United States Department of Agriculture estimated that internal parasites in cattle caused an average annual loss of $161,678,000. The internal parasites responsible for the annual loss are listed below.

Anaplasmosis. .$ 36,001,000

Coccidiosis . . . .14,569,000

Worm Parasites .100,046,000

Liver Flukes . . . 3,022,000

Trichomoniasis .. 8,040,000

In cattle the effects of internal parasites will be well camouflaged. However, additional feed will be required to reach market …

New Cattle Breeds : How Do We Use Them?, J L. Anderson

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Traditionally, beef production in Australia has been based on a few of the many breeds that developed in the United Kingdom. Pedigree breeding was used to maintain these breeds and was probably a sound policy, when combined with selection on performance, to maintain and concentrate merit in stud herds.

Emphasis on pure breeding has caused many prejudices against the practices of mixing and selection which were the original bases of breed formation.

Despite the adaptation of British breeds to the various environments in Australia there was, and still is, continuous interest in introducing other breeds of cattle to improve beef …

Processing Methods For Corn Grain Fed With Various Types, Sources And Levels Of Roughage To Cattle, Jerry Burkhardt

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The research reported in this thesis involved experiments to determine the value of grain processed by various methods when fed various kinds and ratios of concentrate to roughage to feedlot beef animals of various ages and degree of fatness.

Cancer Eye Of Cattle, M R. Gardiner, J. L. Anderson, D. E. Robertson

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Cancer of the eye and eyelids is mainly a disease of cattle, although it occasionally occurs in most species of animals and in man. It is the most common cancer in cattle, especially in certain breeds.

Meat From The Dairy Herd, R A. Bettenay

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Beef raising is a profitable sideline for many West Australian dairy farmers and gives their farming operation flexibility and versatility.

With suitable management and feeding the weight gains and consumer acceptance of dairy beef allow it to compete strongly with beef from other sources.

The breeds most common on W.A. dairy farms are well suited to beef production.

Kimberley Research Station Review Of Progress, 1968-71, Department Of Agriculture, Western Australia

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

The potential for harnessing northern rivers flowing to the Gulf of Carpentaria and the Timor Sea was realised many years ago.

These rivers together are estimated to carry about three times the water transported annually over the Murray drainage system and the South Eastern slopes, which comprise the closely settled agricultural areas of South Eastern Australia.

The Kimberley Research Station was established in 1946 to investigate the potential for irrigated agriculture in the Ord River valley. This is a review of the Station's sixth progress report which is being published as Department of Agriculture Bulletin No. 3861.

Grain Finishing Of Beef Cattle Grazing Dry Pasture Or Stubble, D J. Barker

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

WHEAT quotas, poor wool prices and the availability of cheap grain on the farm have stimulated interest in grain finishing of cattle for out-of-season beef production. For many years, Animals turned off in the autumn-winter period have brought better prices than those sold in summer, at the end of the pasture flush.

Feeding grain supplements to cattle on dry pasture or stubble requires less capital than feedlotting and saves the cost of handling and processing roughage.

This article gives the essentials for grain supplementation of dry pasture or stubble but warns that grain finishing is unlikely to be profitable outside …

Feedlots For Beef In W.A. : Some Guiding Principles, D J. Barker

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

FEEDLOTS are small enclosures where all of the animal's feed is supplied from an outside source. Compared with grazing, feedlotting is an expensive method of beef production.

This article gives a guide to the requirements for establishment and management of a farm feedlot, especially the basic equipment and materials, the type of cattle most suited to feedlotting, rations and feeding techniques.

The author warns that skill and experience are needed to run a feedlot and describes feedlotting as an expensive method of beef raising when compared with grazing.

Further details are available from the author

When Is A Cattle Feedlot Profitable?, J T. Stoate

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

THE current surge of interest in feedlots stems from low coarse grain prices and comparatively low early summer baby beef prices. Cattle raisers sense the opportunity for higher prices by holding the cattle on the farm over summer and autumn, and grain producers see better returns from barley and oats fed to cattle than sold as grain.

This article examines the profitability of cattle feedlots and presents sample budgets for two typical situations—the farmer who produces his own cattle but buys grain, and the cereal grower who produces grain but buys in cattle for finishing in a feedlot.

A ready …

Freeze Branding For Cattle Identification On The Farm, C P. Mcdougall, R. C. Burking

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

CATTLE identification presents many problems to beef and dairy farmers, and also to research workers. Although many methods are available no one simple method appears to be the complete answer.

This article describes the technique of freeze branding for cattle identification on the farm.

Dairy Beef Shows Healthy Profits, D J. Barker

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

The October, 1970, issue of the Journal of Agriculture included results from the first year of a dairy beef production trial at Bramley Research Station.

This report presents results from the trial's second year, during which two levels of pasture utilisation were tested. The trial is now in its third year.

Cattle Breeds For Beef Production In W.A, J L. Anderson

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

BREEDS develop because people select animals for characters which are useful to them in their own environment.

Stock Brands And Movement Act, M R. Gardiner

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

ALL livestock owners in W.A. should understand the main provisions of the new Stock Brands and Movement Act which comes into force on January 1, 1972.

Temperature Computer Measurements, Production And Carcass Traits Of Individually Fed Weight Constant Steers, Lowell M. Anderson

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

During 1968, 29 Hereford steers were individually fed and marketed at one of seven constant weight classes from approximately 386 to 522 kg at intervals of 22.7 kg. During 1970, 21 Angus and Hereford crossbred steers were individually fed and marketed at one of four constant weight classes from approximately 386 to 522 kg at intervals of approximately 45.0 kg. The amounts of edible portion, trimmed fat, removed bone and the summation of the kidney, pelvic, and cod fat were determined on the steers of both years. In 1970 two experiments examined the usefulness of an analog computer for calculation …

Prevent Worms In Cattle, G C De Chaneet

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

PARASITIC gastro enteritis, caused by roundworms, is a common cause of economic loss in calves, yearlings and occasionally cows in south-western Australia. Losses could be prevented if stock owners realised the full effects of these parasites, and understood the causes of worm infestation.

Feeding Urea To Cattle, D J. Barker

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

RUMINANTS normally obtain the protein they require by digestion of the organisms that inhabit the forestomach (rumen), not by direct digestion of the dietary protein they chew up and swallow.

The organisms break down the dietary protein and then rebuild proteins in the form of more organisms.

Inoculation Abscesses Can Downgrade Carcasses, M R. Gardiner

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

THE presence of inoculation abscesses in meat is one of the lesser known causes of downgrading or rejection of carcasses, but these abscesses have caused increasing concern in recent years.

They have obvious importance in export carcasses.

Three Beef Raising Systems For Butterfat Producing Properties, Department Of Agriculture, Western Australia

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

THREE-QUARTERS of the calves born in autumn on butterfat farms are not required as milking replacements and are thus available for beef production or immediate sale, at about $20 a head.

The profit from selling beef must be compared with that from selling excess calves off their mothers.

Such a comparison is being made by Department of Agriculture Beef Research Officer D. J. Barker in a series of trials at Bramley Research Station, Margaret River.

The Economics Of Transition In Farming, G D. Oliver

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

UNSTABLE income is a constant farm hazard. In addition to uncertainties like over production, obsolescence, rising costs and changes in consumer tastes which menace manufacturing industries, the farmer also has to contend with yield fluctuations arising from climatic conditions over which he has no control.