Beef Science Commons^™

Pharmacokinetics Of Single Feeding Of Cannabidiol In Cattle: A Pilot Study, Haley Cornette

Honors College Theses

Cannabidiol (CBD) is a substance that has been used in complementary medicine for many years. However, modern medicine has little knowledge of how this substance is utilized and metabolized in ruminant animals. Regulations on quality assurance and use in animals are lacking, and CBD supplementation in livestock is not approved. If CBD supplements can be shown to be safe and effective, detection in the animal will be important for determining regulation of use. A withdrawal period can then be established to allow time for deterioration of product to safe levels before livestock products enter human markets. This study sought to …

Epidemiological Survey Of Bovine Babesia And Theileria Parasites In Buffaloes In District Dera Ismail, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Waseem Ullah, Arsalan Khan, Akhtar Ali, Imtiaz Ali Shah, Umm E. Aimen, Imtiaz Khan, Abdul Wadood Jan, Saqib Ali Rustam

Journal of Bioresource Management

Piroplasmosis (babesiosis and theileriosis) are the leading blood parasites responsible for significant economic losses to the dairy enterprises. These parasites are transmitted by Ixodid ticks from a diseased animal to a healthy animal. This study was executed to determine the prevalence of Theileria and Babesia in water buffaloes in District Dera Ismail Khan for their risk assessment. During this trial, 350 random blood samples were obtained from buffalos within the region of District Dera Ismail Khan and examined for Babesia and Theileria parasites using Giemsa staining technique under an oil immersion lens. Forty-eight blood samples were found positive and the …

Evaluation Of Bovine Myosin Heavy Chain Isoforms And Muscle Fiber Cross-Sectional Area On The Eating Quality Of 11 Different Beef Muscles, S. Hene, H. Ness, E. Verrill, P. A. Hammond, C. K. Chun, T. G. O'Quinn, M. D. Chao

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the contribution of muscle fiber type and size on the eating quality of 11 different beef muscles.

Study Description: Eleven different beef muscles were utilized from two separate studies. In study 1, shoulder clod, flank, knuckle, mock tender, top sirloin butt, brisket, eye of round, and ribeye were collected from 10 U.S. Department of Agriculture choice carcasses (n = 80), and each muscle was fabricated into steaks at 2 days postmortem. In study 2, strip loin, tri-tip, and heel were collected from 10 USDA low choice carcasses (n = 30). Myofibrillar …

Evaluating The Effect Of Accelerated Aging At Different Temperature And Time Points On Beef Quality And Enzyme Activity Of Lower Quality Beef Cuts, H. Jeneske, C. K. Chun, S. Hene, L. A. Koulicoff, H. Aufdemberge, J. L. Vipham, T. G. O'Quinn, M. D. Chao

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Objective: This study aimed to explore the effects of four accelerated aging (AA) methods at different temperature and time points on meat quality and enzymatic activity of two lower quality beef cuts.

Study Description: Shoulder clod and top round were collected from 10 U.S. Department of Agriculture choice beef carcasses, fabricated into steaks, and assigned to one of six treatments: 3 days postmortem (control), cooler aged for 21 days, AA 120°F for 2 h, AA 120°F for 3 h, AA 130°F for 2 h, and AA 130°F for 3 h. Yield was calculated based on loss during AA and cooking …

2023 Cattlemen’S Day Full Report, Liz Boyle

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

This report includes research conducted in 2022 on beef cattle management, reproduction, nutrition, and meat science conducted at Kansas State University.

Effects Of Late-Summer Prescribed Fire On Botanical Composition, Soil Cover, And Forage Production In Caucasian Bluestem-Infested Rangeland In The Kansas Smoky Hills: Year 4 Of 5, H. P. Giefer, K. R. Harmoney, M. P. Ramirez, A. J. Tajchman, Z. M. Duncan, J. Lemmon, K. C. Olson

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Objective: Our objective was to determine effects of late-summer prescribed fire on frequency of Caucasian bluestem (Bothriochloa bladhii) in the Kansas Smoky Hills as well as changes in soil cover, botanical composition, and forage production associated with fire treatment.

Study Description: The study was in Ellsworth County, KS. Eighteen one-acre plots were randomly assigned to one of three treatments: no burn, one burn (August 14, 2019), and two burns (August 14, 2019, and August 11, 2021). Soil cover, botanical composition, forage production, and Caucasian bluestem frequency were measured annually beginning in 2019.

The Bottom Line: These data suggest …

Effects Of Prescribed-Fire Timing On Stocker Cattle Performance, Forage Biomass Accumulation, And Native Plant Species Composition, Z. M. Duncan, A. J. Tajchman, J. Lemmon, W. R. Hollenbeck, D. A. Blasi, K. C. Olson

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Objective: The objective of this experiment was to document the effects of prescribed-fire timing on stocker cattle performance, forage biomass accumulation, soil cover, and plant species composition in the Kansas Flint Hills.

Study Description: A total of 1,416 yearling stocker cattle were assigned to one of three prescribed-burn treatments: spring (April 9 ± 5.1 days), summer (August 23 ± 4.9 days), or fall (September 29 ± 8.7 days) over a 4-year period. Calves were grazed from May to August for 90 days. Individual body weights were recorded at the beginning and end of the grazing season. Native plant composition and …

Effects Of Limit Feeding And Shade Allocation On Growing Calf Performance, Water Usage, And Animal Comfort, Z. L. Debord, Z. M. Duncan, M. G. Pflughoeft, K. J. Suhr, W. C. Ellis, W. R. Hollenbeck, S. P. Montgomery, T. J. Spore, E. C. Titgemeyer, D. A. Blasi, A. J. Tarpoff

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of limit feeding in conjunction with shade allotment on animal performance, animal comfort, and water usage during periods of heat stress.

Study Description: During the summers of 2021 and 2022, 852 heifers were assigned to one of four treatments: limit-fed high-energy ration or high-roughage ration fed for ad libitum intake with or without access to shade. Growth performance and water usage were measured during a 90-day growing period. Calves were fed a gut equilibration diet for 7 days to account for gut fill.

The Bottom Line: Limit feeding a …

Effects Of Biuret And Lasalocid (Bovatec) Inclusion Into A Commercial Mineral Supplement On Growth Performance Of Yearling Calves Grazing In The Kansas Flint Hills, M. G. Pflughoeft, Z. M. Duncan, Z. L. Debord, W. R. Hollenbeck, F. K. Brazle, E. C. Titgemeyer, K. C. Olson, D. A. Blasi

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Objective: The objective of this experiment was to measure the effects of non-protein nitrogen (NPN; i.e., biuret) or NPN + ruminal modifier (i.e., biuret + lasalocid) inclusion in a commercial mineral mix on growth performance of yearling beef calves grazing in the Kansas Flint Hills.

Study Description: Over a two-year period, 742 crossbred steers [initial body weight (BW): 655 ± 52.2 lb] of Texas and Nebraska origin previously backgrounded at the Kansas State Beef Stocker Unit were used in this experiment. The three mineral treatments consisted of a basal supplement (Control), a basal supplement plus biuret (Biuret), and a basal …

Effects Of Almond Hull Inclusion On Growth Performance Of Limit-Fed Growing Cattle, Z. M. Duncan, Z. L. Debord, M. G. Pflughoeft, K. J. Suhr, W. R. Hollenbeck, F. K. Brazle, E. C. Titgemeyer, K. C. Olson, D. A. Blasi

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Objective: The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of almond hull inclusion and almond hull processing on growth performance of limit-fed growing beef cattle during a 56-day growing period.

Study Description: A total of 364 steers were assigned to one of four diets. The control diet contained (dry matter basis) 39.5% dry-rolled corn, 7.5% supplement, 40% wet-corn gluten feed, and 13% prairie hay. Almond hulls replaced prairie hay or prairie hay and dry-rolled corn and were fed at 13 and 26% of the diet, respectively. A subset of almond hulls was processed using a grinder mixer with …

Assessment Of Novel Semen Evaluation Technologies And Breed Comparisons In Yearling Beef Bulls, A. R. Hartman, I. E. Batey, D. M. Grieger, K. E. Fike

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Objective: The objectives were 1) to evaluate the iSperm, when conducting breeding soundness exams (BSE) on bulls by comparing sperm motility to a technician’s assessment and 2) to evaluate correlations between sperm response to reactive oxygen species (ROS) and functional sperm measurements.

Study Description: Ejaculates were collected via electroejaculation from yearling bulls as part of a BSE. All BSE were conducted by one veterinarian and ejaculates were evaluated by a single technician. Additional sperm motility analysis was conducted with the iSperm analyzer. Ejaculates meeting minimum thresholds for passing a BSE were diluted and sent overnight for flow cytometry evaluation. Data …

Delayed Timing Of Insemination Relative To Estrus Improves Pregnancy To Artificial Insemination With Sex-Sorted Semen In Beef Heifers, K. Aubuchon, J. A. Odde, A. R. Hartman, K. E. Fike, K. G. Odde

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Objective: The objective was to evaluate the effect of timing of artificial insemination (AI) relative to the onset of estrus on pregnancy outcome when using sex-sorted semen in beef heifers.

Study Description: Beef heifers were subjected to the melengestrol acetate with prostaglandin (MGA-PG) estrous synchronization protocol and visually observed for estrus every four hours for five days following injection of PG. Following detection of estrus, heifers were inseminated with semen sorted to contain X-chromosome bearing sperm cells (4.0 × 10⁶ live cells per 0.25 mL straw of SexedULTRA 4M). Heifers were retrospectively categorized into one of three intervals from …

Sire Distribution Of Calves In A Beef Herd With Use Of Fixed Time Artificial Insemination Followed By Immediate Bull Exposure For Natural Service In Cows And Heifers, A. R. Hartman, E. D. Mccabe, D. R. Jacobs, K. E. Fike, D. M. Grieger

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Objective: Our objective was to determine the relative percentages of calves sired by either natural service sire or fixed time artificial insemination (FTAI) sire within the same estrous period.

Study Description: During two consecutive years, heifers and cows were synchronized and inseminated using the 7-day CO-Synch + CIDR FTAI protocol. All females were exposed to natural service bulls immediately following insemination. After calving, DNA was collected from a random subset of calves born in the first 21 days of the calving season for parentage analysis. Calves born from heifers totaled 59 in Year 1 and 82 in Year 2; calves …

Assessment Of Kansas Beef Producers’ Perception And Knowledge Level Of Business-To-Consumer Marketing, K. R. Lybarger, J. Kwon, G. Ibendahl, Y. Teng-Vaughan, D. Kehler, T. G. O'Quinn

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the perception and knowledge level of Kansas beef producers regarding business-to-consumer marketing.

Study Description: A digital survey was created to assess the perception and knowledge level of business-to-consumer (B2C) marketing of Kansas beef producers. The survey was disseminated to Kansas beef producers utilizing the Shop Kansas Farms online social networking group.

Results: Results from this study showed that 25.5% of beef producer respondents (n = 41) raise another species in addition to beef. It was found that 50.0% of survey respondents sold 20 or fewer head of finished beef cattle in …

Evaluation Of Kansas Beef Consumers’ Awareness And Understanding Of Business-To-Consumer Marketing, L. K. Decker, K. R. Lybarger, J. Kwon, G. Ibendahl, Y. Teng-Vaughan, D. Kehler, T. G. O'Quinn

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the understanding and knowledge level of consumers purchasing beef in a business-to-consumer (B2C) format within Kansas.

Study Description: A digital survey was created to evaluate consumers’ familiarity and satisfaction of buying beef in a B2C format. The survey was made available for a two-week period to consumers utilizing the Shop Kansas Farms online social media group.

Results: Results of the survey showed 93% of consumers (n = 174) reported having previously purchased beef products from a local producer or locker. Of these, 63.1% reported that their most recent purchase was their …

Consumer Color And Discoloration Thresholds For Purchase Of Retail Ground Beef When Evaluating Packages Of A Single Day Of Display, K. R. Lybarger, E. S. Beyer, K. J. Farmer, L. A. Egger, L. N. Drey, J. L. Vipham, M. D. Zumbaugh, M. D. Chao, T. G. O'Quinn

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Objective: This study utilized a simulated retail display to investigate the impact of ground beef color and discoloration on consumer purchase intent, while identifying the best objective measurements to predict consumer preferences of ground beef on the same day of retail display.

Study Description: For this study, 180 1-lb 80% lean/20% fat ground beef loaves were assigned to a specific day of retail display (day 0–9). Consumers (n = 318) and trained descriptive panelists assessed ground beef samples, with a single day of display evaluated per consumer group. Spectral data and L* (lightness), a* (redness), and b* (yellowness) …

Determination Of Consumer Color And Discoloration Thresholds For Purchase Of Retail Ground Beef When Evaluating Multiple Days Of Display Simultaneously, K. R. Lybarger, E. S. Beyer, K. J. Farmer, L. A. Egger, L. N. Drey, J. L. Vipham, M. D. Zumbaugh, M. D. Chao, T. G. O'Quinn

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Objective: The objective of this study was to identify the threshold for color and discoloration for consumers to purchase ground beef in a simulated retail display and to determine the best objective measurement to predict consumer purchase intent.

Study Description: For this study, 180 1-lb 80% lean/20% fat ground beef packages were assigned to a day of retail display (day 0–9). Consumers (n = 216) and trained descriptive panelists evaluated ground beef samples from each day of display simultaneously. Instrumental L* (lightness), a* (redness), and b* (yellowness) values were collected, and spectral data were recorded. Logistic and simple …

Effects Of Adding Egg Powder From Hens Immunized Against Phospholipase Α2 On Ground Striploin Shelf Life, C. Velasco Ayala, L. A. Koulicoff, C. K. Chun, T. G. O'Quinn, E. Boyle, M. Richards, C. K. Jones, M. D. Chao

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Objective: The present study investigated the effect of incorporating three different levels of dried egg powder (EP) containing antiphospholipase α2 (aPLA2) on lipid oxidation and discoloration for its potential to extend ground striploin shelf life.

Study Description: U.S. Department of Agriculture choice striploins from ten beef carcasses were used. Impacts on beef discoloration, L* (lightness), a* (redness), and b* (yellowness) parameters, and lipid oxidation over a 7-day display period were studied. The fatty acid and phospholipid profiles of the beef patties were also examined.

Results: The EP was confirmed to contain active aPLA2. As expected, a* and b* values decreased …

Establishing Spoilage Thresholds Of Ground Beef In A Traditional Retail Case Scenario, G. E. Corrette, E. S. Beyer, E. A. Mendez, V. Hay, T. G. O'Quinn, M. D. Chao, J. L. Vipham

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine spoilage in fresh ground beef and the perception of consumers regarding alteration of sensory characteristics, as well as the acceptability at different days of shelf-life.

Study Description: Ground beef loaves (n = 84) of 80% lean, 20% fat composition and aerobically packaged were stored in a simulated refrigerated retail case for 6 days. Consumers evaluated visual color, odor, touch, and taste. Instrumental color, lipid oxidation, aerobic plate count, and Enterobacteriaceae count were determined.

The Bottom Line: In this study, color was shown to be the important product characteristic of spoilage to …

Consumer Sensory Evaluation Of Ground Beef And Plant-Based Ground Beef Alternatives Used In A Hamburger Application, L. A. Egger, K. J. Farmer, E. S. Beyer, K. R. Lybarger, J. L. Vipham, M. D. Zumbaugh, M. D. Chao, T. G. O'Quinn

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the palatability traits and consumer acceptance of three plant-based ground beef alternatives in comparison to ground beef in a foodservice-like hamburger application.

Study Description: Three popular plant-based ground beef alternatives (GBA) and 80% lean, 20% fat composition ground beef chubs (n = 20) were selected for consumer analysis. Samples were cooked to an internal temperature of 160°F, plated on a bun and served to consumers with the opportunity to apply ketchup, mustard, cheese, lettuce, and pickles. Consumers evaluated the differences in palatability traits and purchase intent for the samples identified as: …