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Articles 5131 - 5160 of 13783

Full-Text Articles in Operations Research, Systems Engineering and Industrial Engineering

Design And Simulation Of Cut Flat Boring Bar By Both Materials' Composite Structure, Xie Feng, Wenxuan Wang, Xiaobao Lei Jun 2020

Design And Simulation Of Cut Flat Boring Bar By Both Materials' Composite Structure, Xie Feng, Wenxuan Wang, Xiaobao Lei

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Because the stressed structure of the boring bar in machine tool is a cantilever beam, and it is very easy to produce vibration. To study the vibration problem of boring bar, the general structure of boring bar was improved into the built-in damping core boring bar structure composed of two materials, according to the principle of self-excited vibration's coupling flutter and forced vibration's dynamic damping. At the same time, according to the principle that reasonable arrangement of small stiffness of the boring bar could reduce vibration, the composite structure boring bar was cut flat expecting to reach optimal damping …

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Design Of Real-Time Communication On Bus Using Dspace System, Yan Cheng, Decong Huo, Xie Song Jun 2020

Design Of Real-Time Communication On Bus Using Dspace System, Yan Cheng, Decong Huo, Xie Song

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: The analysis of the problem of real-time communication on CAN bus was proposed using dSPACE simulator, and the solution was proposed. The CAN communication model based on dSPACE was designed using the methods of Interrupt or Enable to trigger the action. The spacecraft subsystem simulation model was built on the dSPACE, and the real-time communication was performed following the spacecraft CAN bus communication protocol, to implement the communication with large amount of data between subsystem simulation model and data handling subsystem. The simulation result verifies the validity of the communication method.

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Motion Object Feature Extraction Method Based On Multi-Feature Fusion, Xidao Luan, Yuxiang Xie, Zhang Xin, Niu Xiao Jun 2020

Motion Object Feature Extraction Method Based On Multi-Feature Fusion, Xidao Luan, Yuxiang Xie, Zhang Xin, Niu Xiao

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Motion object feature extraction is the basis of motion object classification. Traditionally motion object classification mainly depends on single feature extraction which is sensitive to the aspects like motion object detection area, angle, scale and noise disturbance, thus decreases the classification efficiency. To solve these problems and improve the robustness of the algorithms, a motion object feature extraction method based on multi-feature fusion was proposed. In this method, width height ratio feature, rotation invariant uniform local binary pattern feature and SIFT feature were considered, and by fusing them into the SVM and KNN classifier, motion object classification was carried …

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Numerical Simulation Of Aluminum Foam Cushion Performance Analysis On Set-Forward Overload Of Fuze, Kuahai Yu, Xuhui Zhang, Hongyu Xu, Li Rong, Xingguo Kang Jun 2020

Numerical Simulation Of Aluminum Foam Cushion Performance Analysis On Set-Forward Overload Of Fuze, Kuahai Yu, Xuhui Zhang, Hongyu Xu, Li Rong, Xingguo Kang

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Buffering protect of fuze under high-speed impact was realized using aluminum foam gasket with special pore structure, and numerical simulation method to achieve the buffer validity analysis. Numerical model of three-layered concrete target projectile penetration was established, and the numerical model was validated to be accurate by comparing the fuze acceleration curves of simulation and experiment results. Numerical simulations were completed to predict the cushioning effect for different foamed aluminum structures. The result reveals that foamed aluminum cushioning can reduce the load of the fuze, and the foam's void ratio and thickness will significantly affect the cushioning performance, and …

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Modeling And Realization Of Radar Signal Environment Based On Systemvue, Limin Liu, Cheng Cheng, Zhuangzhi Han Jun 2020

Modeling And Realization Of Radar Signal Environment Based On Systemvue, Limin Liu, Cheng Cheng, Zhuangzhi Han

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Aiming at the practical requirements of electronic reconnaissance subsystem in an electronic countermeasure simulation system, according to electronic reconnaissance forms and the distribution of two parties, a modeling method of radar signal environment was proposed. It provided the mixed signals source for electronic reconnaissance subsystem. The signal modeling principle was proposed, which defined the position information of radar platform and target platform in trajectory layer. The angle information was defined in antenna layer, which realized radar signal modeling in signal layer. The radar signal environment simulation system of electronic countermeasure was established based on SystemVue at last. It is …

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Location Method Of Insulators In Power Grid Patrol Aerial Images, Haiyan Cheng, Han Pu, Wang Di, Yongjie Zhai Jun 2020

Location Method Of Insulators In Power Grid Patrol Aerial Images, Haiyan Cheng, Han Pu, Wang Di, Yongjie Zhai

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: A method to locate the insulators in the power grid patrol aerial images was proposed. OTSU algorithm improved by genetic algorithm was applied to segment insulators from backgrounds. The segmented images were filtered and reconstructed based on morphology algorithm. SketchUp software was used to build insulator samples, namely positive samples. The moment invariants of these samples and negative samples(background) were calculated respectively to train a classifier based on AdaBoost algorithm. By using the trained classifier, segmented insulators were classified and located coarsely. The Order Cut method (OC) was used to cut the original minimum circumscribed rectangle consisting of all …

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Simulation Study On Price Control Model With Multiplicative Reference Effect, Yang Hui, Zhang Chen Jun 2020

Simulation Study On Price Control Model With Multiplicative Reference Effect, Yang Hui, Zhang Chen

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Considering customers' reference-dependent behavior, modeling and simulation study of the revenue management pricing problem with multiplicative reference effect was focused on, which defined the concept of multiplicative reference effect, described the characteristics of the reference effect function and the demand function with multiplicative reference effect, constructed the optimal control model with continuous time and continuous prices, proposed the Hamilton-Jacobi equation, provided simulation algorithm and designed simulation experiments to compare the pricing strategies under different demand circumstances. The simulation study shows that the reference effect has substantial impact on pricing paths and total revenues. The results provide management …

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Simulation Of Coal Flow Movement Process In Coal And Gas Outburst Of Roadway Network, Zongxiang Li, Yadi Wang, Chunhua Zhang, Tianming Wang Jun 2020

Simulation Of Coal Flow Movement Process In Coal And Gas Outburst Of Roadway Network, Zongxiang Li, Yadi Wang, Chunhua Zhang, Tianming Wang

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: In order to improve the simulation accuracy of the process in coal and gas outburst disaster period, time step method was put forward to describing the movement and accumulation of coal flow in roadway network when coal and gas outburst happened. Downward dip angles of tunnel were taken as the independent variables, model for distribution weight of coal output was built based on “Downward Priority” principle, and the model could adapt to downward roadway, nearly horizontal roadway and upward roadway. Strength change of outburst coal was established based on the collapse model. Combining with the coal and gas outburst …

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Research And Application Of Cloud Manufacturing Service Platform For Crane, Yang Chen, Zhongjie Wang, Zhaohui Liu, Nana Yu Jun 2020

Research And Application Of Cloud Manufacturing Service Platform For Crane, Yang Chen, Zhongjie Wang, Zhaohui Liu, Nana Yu

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Based on the research fruits of cloud manufacturing, the cloud manufacturing platform for crane was focused on. Based on the connotation analysis of the crane manufacturing, the key technologies of manufacturing resource access and cloud service modeling were discussed. A multi-level dynamic matching model and a comprehensive matching algorithm were proposed. The construction and testing of the cloud manufacturing platform was carried out, and the future works were given.

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Modeling And Numerical Simulation Of Micro-Tube Scale Effects In 3dp Process, Congping Chen, Xiaoyun Wang, Jieguang Huang, Li Bo Jun 2020

Modeling And Numerical Simulation Of Micro-Tube Scale Effects In 3dp Process, Congping Chen, Xiaoyun Wang, Jieguang Huang, Li Bo

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Wall slip and viscous dissipation are two main scale effects in 3DP (Three dimensional printing) process, which has influences on the material's flow properties and thermophysical properties and the printing quality. According to the two phenomena above, theoretic models of wall slip and viscous dissipation were established, respectively, and the software Polyflow was used to study the two scale effects and their interactions with molten ABS in micro-tubes of different radius. Simulation results show that wall slip level increases with the slip coefficient decreasing, and material's velocity decreases with the increase of tube radius; Viscous dissipation level decreases …

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Simulation And Improvement Of Automobile Front Cover Assembly Work Based On Delmia, Lizhen Zhang, Shao Qi, Jiaqing Yang, Mengmeng Yang, Song Zheng, Dai Peng Jun 2020

Simulation And Improvement Of Automobile Front Cover Assembly Work Based On Delmia, Lizhen Zhang, Shao Qi, Jiaqing Yang, Mengmeng Yang, Song Zheng, Dai Peng

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: In order to prevent potential occupational disease in automobile front cover assembly location caused by manual handling, a comprehensive evaluation and improvement method of ergonomics was proposed aiming at front cover assembly work ergonomics based on DELMIA. The ergonomics problems in automobile front cover assembly were evaluated quantitatively and comprehensively by using the methods of rapid upper limb assessment (RULA) and lifting equation analysis (NIOSH), and the process or tools were judged whether they should be improved according to the evaluation results. By simulation, analysis and improvement of front cover assembly work, the improvement plans which aimed at the …

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Impact Of ‘Small World' Social Network Of Consumers On Pricing Decision In Duopoly Market, Li Feng, Wei Ying Jun 2020

Impact Of ‘Small World' Social Network Of Consumers On Pricing Decision In Duopoly Market, Li Feng, Wei Ying

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Noticing the influences of friends on consumers purchasing decisions, the impact of ‘small world' social network on price competition in a duopoly hotelling model was studied. A multi-agent based modeling approach was proposed to represent the consumers' decisions, which related to their connected friends in a social network, as well as the firms' pricing decisions. Simulation results reveal that the ‘small world' social network has a significant impact on the competing firms' pricing decisions. In specific, with the increasing number of consumers who are impacted by their friends, or the increasing likelihood of following friends' decisions, consumers then …

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Terminal Guidance Radar Modeling Research Based On Feature Parameter Stream, Anmin Zhang, Lianhu Cui Jun 2020

Terminal Guidance Radar Modeling Research Based On Feature Parameter Stream, Anmin Zhang, Lianhu Cui

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Aiming at the contradiction between computation and fidelity of terminal guidance radar model, the essential need of simulation was analyzed. Comparing the advantages and disadvantages of the existing radar electronic warfare modeling and simulation method, a modeling method was proposed based on feature parameter stream, building terminal guidance radar model for behavior description, giving the model parameter correction method based on historical test data, and combining the modeling and historical test information together. The comparison of the simulation and test results shows that, it can accurately describe the behavior of terminal guidance radar using the least amount of …

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Maneuver Models Tracking Filter Of Nonballistic Near Space Targets, Qin Lei, Junlong Li Jun 2020

Maneuver Models Tracking Filter Of Nonballistic Near Space Targets, Qin Lei, Junlong Li

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Because hypersonic vehicles in the near space often adopt the way of nonballistic maneuver flight with characteristics of high speed and lift-to-drag ratio, flying in atmosphere for a long time, whose motion trajectories are sometimes characterized by “hopping”, their flight altitudes, flight velocities and flight accelerations change. Targets maneuver are characterized by long period maneuver, which has brought great difficulties with ground defense system for maneuvering target localization and tracking. Traditional filtering algorithms obviously cannot give accurate target state estimation, tracking performance has declined. The overview of tracking filter ways was given, introducing four typical nonballistic maneuver models of …

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Evaluation And Analysis Of Land Intensive Utilization Based On Parameters Optimization Of Svm, Chen Li, Jiaojiao Li, Shulu Xiao Jun 2020

Evaluation And Analysis Of Land Intensive Utilization Based On Parameters Optimization Of Svm, Chen Li, Jiaojiao Li, Shulu Xiao

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Based on relevant literature research of evaluation on intensive land-use both at home and abroad, the theory of Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Ant Colony Algorithm (ACO) was discussed. A new method of Correlation Coefficient, the Ant Colony Algorithm and Support Vector Machine (cACO-SVM) was proposed, which analyzed the relevant indicators to determine index set, using ACO, optimization of SVM parameters to draw a good penalty factor C and kernel function sigma and epsilon insensitive coefficient and training SVM, the method improved the training accuracy. Optimization of the land intensive utilization evaluation based on cACO-SVM was put forward, comparing …

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Study Machine Tool Spindle Performance Reliability Based On Bayes Method, Yulun Chi, Haolin Li Jun 2020

Study Machine Tool Spindle Performance Reliability Based On Bayes Method, Yulun Chi, Haolin Li

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: With the development of high precision machine tool, the reliability requirement is higher and higher for machine tool spindle. Reliability evaluation of spindle based on accelerated life testing is becoming a hot spot of research, and how to improve the precision of evaluation is one of the most important issues. According to the Weibulldistribution characteristic of machine tool spindle reliability, the spindle accelerated life reliability was studied by using the Bayes method. Due to the environment difference between the accelerated test load and the actual working load. The Bayes theory which used the environment difference factor, was introduced to …

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Numerical Simulation And Aerodynamic Effect Research For Multi-Warhead Projection, Yuan Wu Jun 2020

Numerical Simulation And Aerodynamic Effect Research For Multi-Warhead Projection, Yuan Wu

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: In order to study the complex aerodynamic problem in multi-warhead projection, and also establish the practical analysis method for nonlinear aerodynamic characteristics, the separation process was simulated by using CFD technology as well as Monte Carlo method for a statistical research, while effects of the projection condition, multi-body intervene and unsteady characteristic during the separation process were discussed. The present research shows that the main forms of the submunition movement are radial separation and pitching movement; the direction of mass center motion and attitude motion is determined by the projection condition, however the attitude motion is also sensitive to …

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Research On Reactor Modeling Simulation Based On Neutron Equivalence Homogeneous Theory, Ma Jin, Zhibin Liu, Bingshu Wang, Xinhui Duan Jun 2020

Research On Reactor Modeling Simulation Based On Neutron Equivalence Homogeneous Theory, Ma Jin, Zhibin Liu, Bingshu Wang, Xinhui Duan

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: A mathematical nuclear CANada Deuterium Uranium (CANDU) reactor steady and transient modelling simulation is built to get the axial thermal power distribution. With a relatively small number of nodes (100-500 nodes) to present the core, based upon two energy group Neutron Diffusion Formulation and a typical spatial discretization, according to equivalence theory and homogeneous method, this is accomplished by properly defining the nuclear properties (absorption and fission cross sections, diffusion coefficient, etc.) characterizing each of the nodes finished. The 390 channels thermal power distribution is calculated under Linux language environment. The thermal power difference is within 5% error with …

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Study Of Im Parameter Identification Using Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization With Proportional Guided Strategy, Huang Song, Tian Na, Wang Yan, Zhicheng Ji Jun 2020

Study Of Im Parameter Identification Using Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization With Proportional Guided Strategy, Huang Song, Tian Na, Wang Yan, Zhicheng Ji

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: A multi-parameter and multi-objective identification model of induction motor was established, and a multi-objective particle swarm optimization based on Pareto set and all personal-best positions guided strategy was proposed and applied to the identification model. Not considerring the weighted coefficient of each objective, Pareto set is able to avoid subjective choice of the coefficients of multi-objective identification and proportion strategy with all personal-best positions guided could balance the learning ability from personal-best positions and global-best position. Having verified the performance on Matlab/Simulink, the results show that the proposed algorithm is able to improve parameter identification accuracy, and has …

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Study On Influence Of Community Structure On Opinion Topic Propagation Of Micro-Blog, Hengmin Zhu, Hu Wei, Ma Jing, Wei Jing Jun 2020

Study On Influence Of Community Structure On Opinion Topic Propagation Of Micro-Blog, Hengmin Zhu, Hu Wei, Ma Jing, Wei Jing

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Micro-blog gathers a large number of users, and community structure is a typical feature of Micro-blog network. In order to explore the influence of community structure on the opinion topic propagation of Micro-blog, users' psychology was analyzed for selecting their followees, and a model for constructing Micro-blog network was proposed which could modify community structure of network with a community factor. Experiments testify the effect of the community factor on micro-blog network structure, and use a SIR model to analyze the influence of different topic source nodes and community factors on the topic propagation of simulated networks. The result …

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Simulation Investigation Of Rumor Spreading Model Base On Two-Layer Scale-Free Networks, Zhihua Qin, Yongmei Liu Jun 2020

Simulation Investigation Of Rumor Spreading Model Base On Two-Layer Scale-Free Networks, Zhihua Qin, Yongmei Liu

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Relationship network is a carrier of rumor spreading. Separating the media from the relationship network, a two-tier rumor spreading model was proposed based on tunable clustering scale-free network and SIQR spreading model. Meanwhile the rumor spreading rules of the new model were developed. In simulation experiments, the influence associated with the three parameters of the media layer was analyzed by using the Mult-Agent system Netlogo4.0.2. It is found that improving the sensitivity of the media, regulating media ethics and expanding the scope of the media can curb the spread of rumors.

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Modeling And Simulation Of Magnetostrictive Impact Drive Mechanism, Zhao Ran, Quanguo Lu Jun 2020

Modeling And Simulation Of Magnetostrictive Impact Drive Mechanism, Zhao Ran, Quanguo Lu

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: A model of magnetostrictive impact drive mechanism (IDM) was built to predict the step size and velocity, in which the dynamical model and the second order non-linear model of magnetostrictive material based on Jiles-Atherton model were considered. The simulation model was developed by utilizing MATLAB /Simulink software, and the data of IDM's displacement and velocity was obtained based on the model. The experimental system was built to testify the given model. The results illustrate that the error between experiment and simulation results are less than 15% within the range of driving current 0.2~0.4A and working frequency 10~100Hz. The …

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Simulation And Analysis On Coupled Vibration Of Fracturing Truck Process, Chuan Wang, Zhenqiang Xie, Guorong Wang, Shimin Zhang, Hou Wen, Li Jun, Zhou Xu, Chu Fei Jun 2020

Simulation And Analysis On Coupled Vibration Of Fracturing Truck Process, Chuan Wang, Zhenqiang Xie, Guorong Wang, Shimin Zhang, Hou Wen, Li Jun, Zhou Xu, Chu Fei

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: In order to study the effect of vibration of engine and fracturing pump on truck body during fracturing operation, lumped parameter method and state space method were used to build multi-body dynamics coupling model between the balanced suspension, tires, engine, fracturing pump and the frame. Based on this model, the MATLAB/Simulink software was applied to simulate the characteristic of rotational speed, stiffness and damping of the 2 500 fracturing truck during fracturing operation. The results show that the maximum intensity of vertical vibration is stronger hundreds times than pitch motion. Vibration frequency range of 0~10 Hz …

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Multipurpose Image Watermarking Algorithm For Progressive Transmission, Jianqiu Jin, Bangqing Cao, Wang Xun, Haiyan Wu, Bailing Yang Jun 2020

Multipurpose Image Watermarking Algorithm For Progressive Transmission, Jianqiu Jin, Bangqing Cao, Wang Xun, Haiyan Wu, Bailing Yang

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Multipurpose watermarking, which has the property of both robust and semi-fragile watermarking, can realize two or more purposes in one algorithm, e.g. copyright protection and content authentication usually. It can be classified into multi-segment and single-segment watermark embedding. The latter is better in invisibility, but more challenging than the former. A multi-purpose image watermarking algorithm with single-segment watermark embedding for progressive transmission was proposed. It embedded a watermark abstracted from original image into middle and low-frequency coefficients of block DCT transform. In the watermark embedding process, the intensity of watermark could be dynamically adjusted according to the local texture …

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Carrier Disposition Pwm Control With No Dead Zone For Tnpc Inverter, Wenjuan Li, Feng Jie, Wang Chao Jun 2020

Carrier Disposition Pwm Control With No Dead Zone For Tnpc Inverter, Wenjuan Li, Feng Jie, Wang Chao

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: After the addition of dead zone, the carrier disposition PWM modulation method could have some problems, such as distortion of current waveform and decreasing of voltage utilization ratio. Taking the TNPC type three-level inverter as a researching object, a novel method of the carrier disposition PWM modulation with no dead zone for three-level inverter was proposed, in which three PWM modulation signals were generated by using triple carrier wave. By analyzing the effect caused by the dead zone in different operating states, on and off rules of power switches were derived. Simulation results in MATLAB/Simulink environment show that the …

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Parameters Optimization For Variable Speed And Pitch Controller Of Wind Turbine Based On Bladed, Gao Feng, Wang Wei, Xinmei Ling Jun 2020

Parameters Optimization For Variable Speed And Pitch Controller Of Wind Turbine Based On Bladed, Gao Feng, Wang Wei, Xinmei Ling

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Due to nonlinearity and time-varying parameters of wind power system, its controller parameters are hard to be calculated and tuned during the process of design and optimization. The linear model which is suitable for parameters tuning was built through model linearization of Bladed and model reducing-order algorithm. The PI parameter was tuned with the IM-PSO (Immune Memory Particle Swarm Optimization). Moreover, the gain coefficient of optimal torque control and the gain divisor of adaptive PI pitch control conducted optimizing calculation based on the identification parameters of Bladed. A set of optimization method for variable speed and pitch controller …

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Decoupling Control Of Poultry Hatching Process Based On Α-Order Neural Network Inverse System, Guoxiong Zhou, Junchao Li, Aibin Chen Jun 2020

Decoupling Control Of Poultry Hatching Process Based On Α-Order Neural Network Inverse System, Guoxiong Zhou, Junchao Li, Aibin Chen

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: The poultry hatching process is a complex biological process, in which coupling between temperature, humidity and oxygen concentration is serious, and conventional control methods can not guarantee the stability of three parameters. An α-order inverse system decoupling control method for poultry hatching process was proposed. The three factors were grouped by coupling degree analysis, using α-order neural network inverse system to control the two parameters whose coupling degree is stronger, another parameter would be controlled by fuzzy controller, thus ensuring the stability of the three parameters. The experimental results show the effectiveness of this method.

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Performance Evaluation Of Automated Warehouse Based On Markov Chain, Xiangguo Ma, Tongjuan Liu, Wang Li, Rongfen Jiang Jun 2020

Performance Evaluation Of Automated Warehouse Based On Markov Chain, Xiangguo Ma, Tongjuan Liu, Wang Li, Rongfen Jiang

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: It is necessary that the way of evaluating the AS/RS is scientific and feasible. However the majority of existing evaluate methods is static and qualitative, whose analysis results deviation, to a certain extent, from the real data. To support the improvement of the AS/RS use, the performance of AS/RS with a dynamic and quantitative method was analyzed. Specifically, the automated stereoscopic warehouse performance evaluation indicators were established; by using Marco analysis, the mathematical model of performance evaluation was got; based on ARENA software, the feasibility and validity of the mathematical solution model were verified.

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Dynamics Analysis Of Flue Gas Compression System In Oxy-Coal Fired Boiler, Jianqiang Gao, Zhang Chen Jun 2020

Dynamics Analysis Of Flue Gas Compression System In Oxy-Coal Fired Boiler, Jianqiang Gao, Zhang Chen

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Taking the flue gas compression system in a 300MW oxy-coal fired boiler unit as an object of study by concept design, math model of gas compressor and gas cooler were established with the method of lumped parameter, and dynamic simulation of flue gas compression system was developed. The disturbance experiments on coal-feeder speed and flue gas compressor speed, etc. were carried out based on B-MCR stable condition. As a result, the operating parameters of gas compressor have a more sensitive response and larger change magnitude when the perturbation of coal feeder speed and gas compressor speed is disturbed; when …

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Simulation And Verification For Low Altitude Ground Reflection Characteristics Of Low-Frequency Broadband Signal, Zhannan Ma, Feifei Du, Jinxi Chen Jun 2020

Simulation And Verification For Low Altitude Ground Reflection Characteristics Of Low-Frequency Broadband Signal, Zhannan Ma, Feifei Du, Jinxi Chen

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Low frequency broadband signals have advantages in improving radar target recognition ability. To determine the ground reflectance of broadband signal at low altitude, the ground reflectance of different frequency points of narrowband is used to compose the equivalent ground reflectance of broadband signal based on ground reflection model. The relationship between ground reflectance and ground characteristics (relative dielectric constant, conductivity), grazing angle, and polarization characteristics were discussed in detail. The reflectance in typical environment was verified using the method of antenna pattern test at low altitude. Results show that the reflectance simulation model was effective, and the model provides …

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