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Articles 4771 - 4800 of 13783
Full-Text Articles in Operations Research, Systems Engineering and Industrial Engineering
Study Of Adaptive Dynamic Search Pso Based Svm Parameter Optimization, Chunneng Gao, Zhang Biao, Zhicheng Ji
Study Of Adaptive Dynamic Search Pso Based Svm Parameter Optimization, Chunneng Gao, Zhang Biao, Zhicheng Ji
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: According to critical control points (CCPs) selection problem in wheat processing HACCP (hazard analysis and critical control point), an automatic identification method based on SVM model was introduced. In order to improve the model’s recognition stability and accuracy, an adaptive dynamic search particle swarm optimization (ADS-PSO) for the optimization of kernel function parameters in SVM was proposed. ADS-PSO introduced an evolutionary factor and threshold (ET) to estimate the evolutionary state and adjusted the search strategy adaptively. Besides, an inertia parameter for the velocity was defined in ADS-PSO. The simulation results show that the improved SVM model can identify …
Simulation Analysis Of Virtual Platform Of Close-Coupling Multiple Robots Combined Lifting System, Su Cheng, Yanlin Wang, Jitao Liu, Zhigang Zhao
Simulation Analysis Of Virtual Platform Of Close-Coupling Multiple Robots Combined Lifting System, Su Cheng, Yanlin Wang, Jitao Liu, Zhigang Zhao
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: A framework of virtual simulation platform of close-coupling multiple robots combined lifting system was constructed. The model of the multiple robots system was established based on UG. The mathematical model of the mobile robot and the static equilibrium equation of the operated object was established. A collaborative control simulation system was set up based on ADAMS and MATLAB closed loop. In close-coupling multiple robots combined lifting system, according to two different trajectory planning, calculating draw of the mathematical model and the co-simulation model output curves were compared and analyzed to verify the correctness of the mathematical model of the …
Three-Dimensional Relief Generation On Freedom Surface Based On Monocular Image, Meng Yue, Mingquan Zhou, Wuyang Shui, Zhongke Wu
Three-Dimensional Relief Generation On Freedom Surface Based On Monocular Image, Meng Yue, Mingquan Zhou, Wuyang Shui, Zhongke Wu
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: For better protection of relief relics which was apt to be corroded and destroyed, the three-dimensional reconstruction technology was utilized to reconstruct 3D model from monocular image. Namely, the SFS (Shape From Shading) method estimated metric depth of relief model according to monocular image, and then restored it using filter transformation and model superposition. For most relief, their carrier surface was irregular curved surface, so estimated metric depth should be map to curved surface. The carrier model was put into Riemannian geometry space, parameterizing local region which position and size was assigned using exponential map. Corresponding vertex coordinate …
Fault Spatial-Temporal Detecting And Diagnosis For Power Grid Based On Wavelet Analysis, Li Gang, Pengcheng Xu, Longmei Han
Fault Spatial-Temporal Detecting And Diagnosis For Power Grid Based On Wavelet Analysis, Li Gang, Pengcheng Xu, Longmei Han
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: The monitoring data of modern power system have strong intrinsic relationship and its abnormal and fault signal is often hidden in big data sets, so the traditional Fourier transform analysis methods don't have the ability of time domain localization analysis. A new method based on time-frequency characteristics of wavelet analysis was proposed for singularity detection of transient signals in power system, which through decomposing the multi-scale one-dimensional transient signal wavelet, extracted high frequency and low frequency coefficient, and got fault time information while the signal de-noising; then based on the singularity detection of modulus maxima, the fault location information …
Attitude Control Of Vtol Hexrotor Aircraft Based On Lyapunov Theory, Xuemin Yuan, Kecai Cao
Attitude Control Of Vtol Hexrotor Aircraft Based On Lyapunov Theory, Xuemin Yuan, Kecai Cao
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: The considered hexrotor is a symmetric VTOL-UAV with six rigid mono-directional propellers, and the interval between each propeller is 60°. In order to overcome the inherent geometric singularity of Euler angle description, quaternion representation was used to model. The effect of gyroscopic torques and reactive torques was taken into account when simplifying our model. An approach for hexrotor was proposed in which two nearly equivalent control laws were used to obtain asymptotic stability of attitude angles and attitude angular velocity of the hexrotor UAV. Simulation results emphasize the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.
Optimized Composite Input Shaping Based On Residual Oscillation Suppressing, Huasen Liu, Wenming Cheng
Optimized Composite Input Shaping Based On Residual Oscillation Suppressing, Huasen Liu, Wenming Cheng
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: The optimized input shaping control method was proposed to reduce the under actuated overhead crane’s oscillation caused via the inertia force. The dynamic model of the overhead crane was proposed according to the physics structure of the crane. The probability distribution function of the crane’s swing frequency was obtained. The optimized multi-model composite based on the probability distribution function of the crane’s swing frequency was used as the feed-forward input to increase the frequency of robustness. Simulation results indicate that the optimized multi-model composite input shaping can reduce the oscillation the overhead crane.
Improved Anonymous Communication Protocol Based On Crowds, Gaofeng He, Chen Lu, Zhang Tao, Yuanyuan Ma
Improved Anonymous Communication Protocol Based On Crowds, Gaofeng He, Chen Lu, Zhang Tao, Yuanyuan Ma
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: The Crowds system is effective and practical, however there are two deficiencies: intermediate nodes can know receivers’ identities and there is no upper bound for the route length. To address the deficiencies mentioned above, an improved anonymous communication protocol is proposed. The new protocol is based on Crowds, while it is added with more designs of Pseudo receiver and Max-Min route length. Pseudo receivers’ addresses substitutes as receivers’ in packets to prevent intermediate nodes getting receivers’ identities; Users can decide max and min route length to limit the route length and meet the anonymity demand. By comparing the …
Modeling And Quaternion Control Of X-Type Quadrotor, Shaobin Ding, Changshi Xiao, Jingen Liu, Yuanqiao Wen
Modeling And Quaternion Control Of X-Type Quadrotor, Shaobin Ding, Changshi Xiao, Jingen Liu, Yuanqiao Wen
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: A comprehensive dynamic model of X-type quadrotor was established and simulated. Different from other widely used models that usually treated quadrotor as a single-rigid-body system, the rotors, propellers and the aircraft body were treated as a multi-rigid-body system in the proposed model. The 3D model wireframe was constructed using Solidworks and the important inertial parameters were extracted from the design data. Two types of multi-channel-double-loop vector PD flight controller were designed and fine tuned, one was based on quaternion feedback and the other was based on Euler angle feedback. The close-loop systems were simulated on Matlab/Simulink. The simulation results …
Research On Bifurcation Of A Class Of Cortical Eeg Model With Time Delay, Chunsheng Li, Zhang Xue
Research On Bifurcation Of A Class Of Cortical Eeg Model With Time Delay, Chunsheng Li, Zhang Xue
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: The bifurcation characters of a cortical-model with bidirectional time delays were studied, proposed by Robinson, et al. before. Considering transmitting delay between excitatory and inhibitory populations, the stability, bifurcation characters and bifurcation region were achieved. The relationship of cortical potential spectrum density and transmit delay was analyzed when white noise was introduced. Result shows that time delay between different population acts as an important role of model’s dynamic characters and stability, and numerical simulation verifies the theoretical analysis. This research shows the importance of transmit delay in cortical-model, and provides theoretical illustration for further research of epileptic …
Pinning Control For Synchronization Of Hr Biological Neural Networks:Linear Active Disturbance Rejection Approach, Wei Wei, Wen Jiao
Pinning Control For Synchronization Of Hr Biological Neural Networks:Linear Active Disturbance Rejection Approach, Wei Wei, Wen Jiao
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Synchronization of a complex network whose nodes are Hindmarsh-Rose biological neurons was considered. Coupling strengths of the whole network were always taken as the tuning variables. However, coupling strengths may not be changeable. In addition, synchronization was affected by different disturbances. In view of above factors, pinning control was utilized and linear active disturbance rejection control (LADRC) was designed. By this approach, synchronization was achieved in according to synchronization errors of the controlled nodes and the couplings among nodes. In the simulations, coupling strength was fixed at a relative small value, and no external disturbance case …
Optimization Model Of Cis Network Architecture Based On Information Flow, Jianhua Li, Junwei Zhao
Optimization Model Of Cis Network Architecture Based On Information Flow, Jianhua Li, Junwei Zhao
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: In order to explore the internal relationship between Command Information System (CIS) network and combat system, a layered combat system model was built, including organizational relationship layer, information interaction layer and communication link layer. Conception of the system coupling intensity was defined, which reflected the influence of network architecture to combat system. An optimization model of CIS network architecture aimed at maximizing the ratio of system coupling intensity to cost coefficient was built. A route programming genetic algorithm was designed and applied into simulation of Air Offensive Campaign (AOC) system network. The results show that the model and algorithm …
Pipeline Design And Simulation Optimization Of Hydraulic Driving System For Rape Windrower, Caixia Shu, Yan Lei, Li Lei, Cairui Han, Yajun Jiang, Youchun Ding, Qingxi Liao
Pipeline Design And Simulation Optimization Of Hydraulic Driving System For Rape Windrower, Caixia Shu, Yan Lei, Li Lei, Cairui Han, Yajun Jiang, Youchun Ding, Qingxi Liao
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Based on disadvantages with large pipeline size and tube loss about the existing hydraulic driving system of rape windrower, according to the pipelines of hydraulic drive system for rape windrower, the relationship between the tube loss and pipeline structure parameters was analyzed and determined. Combined with the effect of tube losses, minimum bend radius and cost, the comprehensive scoring method was used to optimize the pipe diameter of the header, horizontal and vertical conveyor assembly operating branches. Consistency was.determined between the simulation of the tube loss by FLUENT module of the ANSYS and the result obtained by fuzzy evaluation …
Properties Of Terahertz Wave Propagation In Inhomogeneous Plasma Sheath, Jiang Jin, Changxing Chen, Wang Cheng, Ting Chen, Tianxiang Zhou, Yunfei Ling
Properties Of Terahertz Wave Propagation In Inhomogeneous Plasma Sheath, Jiang Jin, Changxing Chen, Wang Cheng, Ting Chen, Tianxiang Zhou, Yunfei Ling
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: The communication blackout usually happens when the hypersonic vehicles voyage in the near space. According to the data provided by radio attenuation measurement C (RAM C) voyage experiment, two models of inhomogeneous plasma sheath were established after dividing the near space into two spatial layers to build two mathematical models. The principle of interaction between plasma and terahertz wave was analyzed through numerical calculation, getting the properties of terahertz wave propagation in plasma sheath. The simulation shows that the terahertz wave frequency band selected as communication frequency band used in near space can solve the problem of communication blackout. …
Simulative Study Of Machining Mechanism Of Material In Micro-Edm, Wang Shi, Jianwen Guo, Wuxue Jiang, Wenliang Cao
Simulative Study Of Machining Mechanism Of Material In Micro-Edm, Wang Shi, Jianwen Guo, Wuxue Jiang, Wenliang Cao
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Great complexity and randomness exist in micro-electrical discharge machining (micro-EDM) process. Considering the limitations of molecular dynamics model and numerical model based on heat transfer theories in studies on machining mechanism of micro-EDM, a hybrid modeling method in which the two-temperature model and molecular dynamics simulation model were integrated was used to construct the machining model for the anode in micro-EDM process, and the corresponding parallel simulation platform was built based on MPI technology. In this simulation model, a heat source was placed in the electron system to mimic the thermal action of the discharge channel on the anode …
Improved Apit Localization Algorithm Based On Wireless Sensor Network, Wu Dong, Zhicheng Ji, Zhang Biao
Improved Apit Localization Algorithm Based On Wireless Sensor Network, Wu Dong, Zhicheng Ji, Zhang Biao
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: To address the problems of Approximate Point-In-Triangulation Test (APIT) algorithm in Wireless Sensor Network requiring high anchor node density, Out-To-In or In-To-Out error judgment, nodes failure and so on, an improved APIT localization algorithm based on Wireless Sensor Network was proposed. The method based on directional searched node and combined with RSSI ranging calculation by Gaussian fitting method was used to deal with error judgment. Besides, a geometrical method was used to process the failure nodes. The simulation results show that the improved localization algorithm performs greatly better, both in positioning accuracy and number of error judgment, than the …
Three-Dimensional Virtual Reassembling For Broken Artifact Fragments Based On Leap Motion, Haoran Lu, Zhang Yu, Miaomiao Niu, Wuyang Shui, Mingquan Zhou
Three-Dimensional Virtual Reassembling For Broken Artifact Fragments Based On Leap Motion, Haoran Lu, Zhang Yu, Miaomiao Niu, Wuyang Shui, Mingquan Zhou
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: 3D laser scanning technique has been widely used to acquire geometry information of artifacts. The broken relics can be virtually restored with the help of computer technologies. Aiming at solving the problems of the automatic virtual restoration for broken artifact fragments, a new method of semi-automatic reassembly was proposed. The motions of the user’s hands were simulated by using the data captured by Leap Motion. The movement of each fragment model was controlled interactively so that two fragments could be roughly matched. The matching results were fed back to the user in real-time, and the user could optimize …
Simulation On Spontaneous Combustion Of Goaf Under “U” Type Ventilation And Improvement, Tiejun Cui, Yundong Ma, Laigui Wang
Simulation On Spontaneous Combustion Of Goaf Under “U” Type Ventilation And Improvement, Tiejun Cui, Yundong Ma, Laigui Wang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: To understand the change of temperature and heating area, in different time, in the process of spontaneous combustion of goaf under “U” type ventilation, the model was proposed based on the theory of particle flow. The three basic problems of Oxygen equivalent flow and reaction with the coal were solved, and implemented with FISH. According to the actual working condition, the heating process was simulated, which could be divided into three stages, and the characteristics of the six warming development time were analyzed, finding that the heating area change was related with the oxygen flow in the process of …
Simulation Analysis Of Load Characteristic Of Thin Seam Shearer Drum, Lijuan Zhao, Tian Zhen, Xunan Liu, Xie Bo
Simulation Analysis Of Load Characteristic Of Thin Seam Shearer Drum, Lijuan Zhao, Tian Zhen, Xunan Liu, Xie Bo
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: In order to analysis the load characteristics of thin seam shearer drum under complex geological conditions, the determination conditions of tooth working state were proposed, the drum load calculation scheme was designed according to the condition of coal seam and the working state of shearer. A thin seam shearer drum as the object of research, the load spectrums of drum under five typical working conditions were calculated, the law of cutting resistance moment and cutting power with different drum revolution speed and haulage speed was analyzed. The results show that: the load fluctuation from cutting hard inclusions is …
Transceivers As A Resource: Scheduling Time And Bandwidth In Software-Defined Radio, Nathan D. Price, Maciej Jan Zawodniok, Ivan G. Guardiola
Transceivers As A Resource: Scheduling Time And Bandwidth In Software-Defined Radio, Nathan D. Price, Maciej Jan Zawodniok, Ivan G. Guardiola
Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
In the future, software-defined radio may enable a mobile device to support multiple wireless protocols implemented as software applications. These applications, often referred to as waveform applications, could be added, updated, or removed from a software-radio device to meet changing demands. Current software-defined radio solutions grant an active waveform exclusive ownership of a specific transceiver or analog front-end. Since a wireless device has a limited number of front-ends, this approach puts a hard constraint on the number of concurrent waveform applications a device can support. A growing trend in software-defined radio research is to virtualize front-ends to allow sharing and …
Modeling And Simulation On Influence Of Complex Network Nodes Based On Data Field In, Chenxi Shao, Xiaoqi Chen, Xingfu Wang, Fuyou Miao
Modeling And Simulation On Influence Of Complex Network Nodes Based On Data Field In, Chenxi Shao, Xiaoqi Chen, Xingfu Wang, Fuyou Miao
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Research on the influence of complex network nodes is an important part of data mining. Mining the influential nodes in complex networks not only has important academic significance, but also helps to suppress the outbreak of epidemics, control the spread of rumors, and promote e-commercial products and so on. By selecting the Mixed Degree Decomposition (MDD) value of each node as its mass, the complex network is abstracted into a data field, the influential nodes are identified by combining the data field model, and some well-known centralities are compares with. The classical Susceptible-Infected-Recovered (SIR) epidemic model is …
Foot Measurement Based On Deep Alignment Network, Shi Min, Hanqin Yao, Chunpeng Li, Liangchen Chen
Foot Measurement Based On Deep Alignment Network, Shi Min, Hanqin Yao, Chunpeng Li, Liangchen Chen
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Foot measurement plays an important role in many areas. Limited by equipment and algorithms, three-dimensional foot measurement cannot make a convenient and quick foot measurement. A method is proposed by combining the image measurement with the deep neural network. Based on the physiological structure analysis of foot, key points are extracted and the measurement parameters are defined. During the key point detection of foot, the activation function and loss function of DAN (Deep Alignment Network) model is optimized, and a data acquisition method is defined based on the handheld camera. Foot key points are detected, and main parameters are …
Mobile-Phone-Oriented Stereoscopic Display And Interaction Framework For Cloud-Based Virtual Reality 3d Scenes, Jiazhe Liu, Chunyi Chen, Xiaojuan Hu, Weidong Liang, Qiwei Xing, Huamin Yang
Mobile-Phone-Oriented Stereoscopic Display And Interaction Framework For Cloud-Based Virtual Reality 3d Scenes, Jiazhe Liu, Chunyi Chen, Xiaojuan Hu, Weidong Liang, Qiwei Xing, Huamin Yang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: A VR application framework based on cloud computing is proposed to overcome the difficulty of interactively generating high quality 3D scene images on mobile phones. We combine the cloud-based rendering and the VR technology. Our framework uses a mobile browser as a client, transmits the image data by the video block stream, processes the interactive data by the anti-jitter algorithm, and has accomplished the web-based lightweight rendering. The framework reduces the cost of data visualization on mobile phone and avoids the need of installing a plug-in package. The experimental results show that our display rate could be improved to …
Maintenance Operation Control Of Virtual Human In Collaborative Virtual Maintenance, Liang Feng, Zhili Zhang, Xiangyang Li
Maintenance Operation Control Of Virtual Human In Collaborative Virtual Maintenance, Liang Feng, Zhili Zhang, Xiangyang Li
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Aiming at the operators being not able to move freely in the limited capture area of optical motion capture devices, the maintenance operation control of virtual human in Collaborative Virtual Maintenance is studied. The lower limb action of operators is captured by the optical motion capture devices, and the wide range motion of the virtual human is controlled according to the real-time recognition results. In order to control the hand motion process of the virtual human in the maintenance operation, the hand interaction of the virtual human is analyzed and an intelligent assistant method for the maintenance operations based …
Simulation Research On Cooperative Control Of Multi Intelligent Ground Platform Based On Agent Theory, Yunrong Zhang, Zhili Zhang, Xiangyang Li, Hongguang Wang, Wenpeng Mi, Xiangtong Kong, Pengpeng Liu
Simulation Research On Cooperative Control Of Multi Intelligent Ground Platform Based On Agent Theory, Yunrong Zhang, Zhili Zhang, Xiangyang Li, Hongguang Wang, Wenpeng Mi, Xiangtong Kong, Pengpeng Liu
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: In order to improve the cooperative control ability of the multi Intelligent ground platform and to adapt to the trend of intelligent war in the new situation, a multi intelligent ground platform cooperative Control simulation system based on jade and world wind Java is constructed. Based on multi-agent theory, the simulation model of intelligent ground platform is build. Based on JADE, the cooperative Control simulation platform is constructed. The task allocation mechanism is optimized by the particle swarm optimization algorithm. The simulation results show that the cooperative Control simulation platform has good robustness and flexibility. The optimized task allocation …
A Survey On Visual Slam Based On Deep Learning, Ruijun Liu, Xiangshang Wang, Zhang Chen, Bohua Zhang
A Survey On Visual Slam Based On Deep Learning, Ruijun Liu, Xiangshang Wang, Zhang Chen, Bohua Zhang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Following the development of computer vision and robotics, visual Simultaneous Localization and Mapping becomes a research focus in the field of unmanned systems. The powerful advantages of deep learning in the image processing offer a huge opportunity to the wide combination of the two fields. The outstanding research achievements of deep learning combined with visual odometry, loop closure detection and semantic Simultaneous Localization and Mapping are summarized. A comparison between the traditional algorithm and method based on deep learning is carried out. The development direction of visual Simultaneous Localization and Mapping based on deep learning is …
Visual Tracking And Localization Based On Confidence Evaluation Of Adjacent Targets, Youquan Liu, Pei Xue, Li Wan, Zhengxiong Liu
Visual Tracking And Localization Based On Confidence Evaluation Of Adjacent Targets, Youquan Liu, Pei Xue, Li Wan, Zhengxiong Liu
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: In visual target tracking and localization, the target could not be located due to the lack of features or the severe occlusion. Aiming at this, an algorithm based on confidence evaluation of neighboring targets is designed. In the tracking process, by detecting and extracting the marker features of neighboring targets, and combining the Hamming distance of each feature marker and the normalized result with respect to other markers as well as the probability of occurrence of each marker, the final confidence of each marker is obtained. The marker with the maximum confidence is to used determine the target …
Simulation Of Dongba Art Style Painting, Wenhua Qian, Xu Dan, Xu Jin, He Lei, Zhang Bo
Simulation Of Dongba Art Style Painting, Wenhua Qian, Xu Dan, Xu Jin, He Lei, Zhang Bo
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: An interactive technique that can generate the Dongba art paintings from 2D images is proposed. A Dongba painting line drawing system is designed and developed which adopts the interactive selection method to obtain the smooth and continuous line drawings. To produce the foreground image of the Dongba styles, a multi-frequency noise integral convolution algorithm is utilized to simulate the block texture color of the Dongba paintings. Texture synthesis algorithm is used to generate the image of large sizes from samples to simulate the background image. Based on the layer-mapping technique and local color transmission methods, the final artistic style …
Mrmark: A Machine Performance Evaluation Method For Three-Dimensional Video Fusion, Yifei Sun, Liangliang Cai, Zhou Yi, Zhou Zhong
Mrmark: A Machine Performance Evaluation Method For Three-Dimensional Video Fusion, Yifei Sun, Liangliang Cai, Zhou Yi, Zhou Zhong
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: The three-dimensional video fusion system needs the calculation of video and graphics, and requires high machine performance. The existing commercial evaluation tools lack the corresponding considerations, which may cause the inconsistency of a machine's performance from the score. A machine performance evaluation method for three-dimensional video fusion is proposed and an evaluation tool MRMark is implemented. Several sets of standard 3D test scenes are designed according to the characteristics of the video fusion system, the statistics on the frame rate, the number of video channels played and the other parameters during the test are collected to calculate the …
Research On Highway Bim Perception And Engineering Evaluation Based On Virtual Reality, Zhaohui Wu, Zhiqiang Fu, Wang Liang, Dou Fei
Research On Highway Bim Perception And Engineering Evaluation Based On Virtual Reality, Zhaohui Wu, Zhiqiang Fu, Wang Liang, Dou Fei
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Virtual reality technology is a new way for the highway BIM to upgrade from 2D to 3D. Based on the analysis of the characteristics of highway engineering and the travel needs of traffic participants, five methods are proposed to perceive highway BIM and evaluate the engineering design results of different road users, including virtual driving, virtual flight, virtual riding, virtual walking and augmented reality. These methods provide technical and tool support for the people-oriented road BIM perception, engineering evaluation, collaborative work, and design optimization. The experiment tests show that virtual reality connects the BIM models with human perception, …
Icp Optimized B-Spline Non-Rigid Registration For 4d-Ct Images, Wenjie Tang, Ruotong Li, Xuesong Deng, Weixin Si, Wang Qiong
Icp Optimized B-Spline Non-Rigid Registration For 4d-Ct Images, Wenjie Tang, Ruotong Li, Xuesong Deng, Weixin Si, Wang Qiong
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: In order to improve the accuracy and speed of registration between two groups of 4D-CT images under different physiological activities, based on FFD model of multi-resolution B-spline, a registration algorithm using ICP to optimize the model is proposed. The ICP algorithm is added before the traditional b-spline to realize the point cloud registration between two groups of 4D-CT images: the appropriate model is generated from the two segmented groups of 4D-CT images, then the two groups of point clouds in the model are registered with ICP. The improvement rates of similarity measurement at level 1, level 2 and …