Automotive Engineering Commons^™

Computational Analysis And Validation Of The Hans Head And Neck Support, Kapil Tyagi

Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering Theses & Dissertations

One of the major causes of racing fatalities is basilar skull fracture from excessive head motions and neck loading in a frontal impact. There are many head/neck restraints available in the market but HANS head and neck support has proved to be the most efficient one in sled testing. This paper evaluates and compares the performance of the HANS device in MAthematical DYnamic MOdel (MADYMO) software with the sled testing. The tests were conducted for the frontal impact motions, with a crash pulse of 45 G's.

The goal of the tests was to evaluate the performance of HANS without the …

Robust Control Techniques For State Tracking In The Presence Of Variable Time Delays, Jarrett Goodell, Marc Compere, Miguel Simon, Wilford Smith, Ronnie Wright, Mark Brudnak

Publications

In this paper, a distributed driver-in-the-Ioop and hardware-in-the-Ioop simulator is described with a driver on a motion simulator at the U.S. Army TARDEC Ground Vehicle Simulation Laboratory (GVSL). Realistic power system response is achieved by linking the driver in the GVSL with a full-sized hybrid electric power system located 2,450 miles away at the TARDEC Power and Energy Systems Integration Laboratory (P&E SIL), which is developed and maintained by Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC). The goal is to close the loop between the GVSL and P&E SIL over the Internet to provide a realistic driving experience in addition to realistic …

Automobiles And Auto Manufacturing, John Alfred Heitmann

History Faculty Publications

In several important respects the automobile and automobile manufacturing proved to be at the heart of North American life during the 1950s. The decade was one characterized as the age of tail fins and chrome, and the automobile was recognized as something far more than ordinary transportation.

Inventory Simulation And Optimization Using System Dynamics, Structural Modeling Equations And Genetic Algorithms In The Drivetrain Division Of An Automotive Manufacturer, Marco Sisfontes-Monge

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

Strategic planning and control are among the most critical activities that modern enterprises require to succeed in the global economy. This research is an original study that investigated the combination of tools and methodologies in order to apply them to a midwestern tractor manufacturer. The current study identified the constraints applicable to a polishing line in the Drivetrain Division of a major tractor manufacturer interested in exploring alternative techniques to improve its worldwide manufacturing operations.

The specific questions that this project tried to respond are stated as follows:

1. What were the most important variables that affected inventory levels of an …

An Investigation Of Fuel Consumption During The Warm Up Cycle Of A Gasoline Engine Using 87 Octane Ethanol Blended And Unblended Fuel, Michael Aaron Scott

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This research investigated fuel consumption during the warm up cycle of a gasoline engine using 87-octane gasoline blended with 0%, 10%, and 20% ethanol. The purpose of this research was to determine ifthere is a significant statistical difference in fuel consumption among the ethanol-gasoline blends controlling for temperature. The experiment identified three properties of ethanol blending: (1) energy (fuel) potential, (2) determination of the speed (time intervals) of the energy consumption within the engine, and (3) indirect effects on coolant temperature. The researcher selected the two-way ANOVA (analysis of variance between variables), covariant, and post hoc to analyze the raw …

Sensitivity Analysis Of Hill Muscle Parameters, Janet Brelin-Fornari, Paras Shah, Mohamed El-Sayed

Crash Safety Center Publications

A computational, rigid body model of a 50^th percentile male head and neck utilizing 15 Hill Muscle pairs is used to study the sensitivity of Hill Muscle Model parameters. A 15g linear acceleration is applied within the transverse plane at the lowest vertebral level of the neck (T1). The resultant linear acceleration of the head is analyzed. In response is minimally affected. The peak accelerations did change, and in the case of varying muscle activation, the peak acceleration changed significantly, 36%. Each of the other parameter variations affected the peak acceleration of the head by less than 5%. Overall, …

Sensitivity Analysis Of Hill Muscle Parameters, Janet Brelin-Fornari, Paras Shah, Mohamed El-Sayed

Mechanical Engineering Presentations And Conference Materials

A computational, rigid body model of a 50^th percentile male head and neck utilizing 15 Hill Muscle pairs is used to study the sensitivity of Hill Muscle Model parameters. A 15g linear acceleration is applied within the transverse plane at the lowest vertebral level of the neck (T1). The resultant linear acceleration of the head is analyzed. In response is minimally affected. The peak accelerations did change, and in the case of varying muscle activation, the peak acceleration changed significantly, 36%. Each of the other parameter variations affected the peak acceleration of the head by less than 5%. Overall, …

Snow Groomer Assembly, Philip J. Quenzi, Russell G. Alger

Michigan Tech Patents

A snow groomer includes a movable platform, a prime mover mounted to the platform and a grooming drum rotatably driven by the prime mover for rotation in a direction opposite the traveling direction of the snow groomer. The grooming drum includes axially spaced apart and radially protruding ribs that extend circumferentially around the drum. The ribs include circumferentially spaced apart apertures and the apertures of each rib are aligned with the apertures of the other ribs. Elongated cutting teeth extend through the apertures of the ribs and have a cross-sectional area that is smaller than the apertures such that the …

Techniques For Assessing And Improving Performance In Navigation And Wayfinding Using Mobile Augmented Reality, Brian Goldiez

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Augmented reality is a field of technology in which the real world is overlaid with additional information from a computer generated display. Enhancements to augmented reality technology presently support limited mobility which is expected to increase in the future to provide much greater real world functionality. This work reports on a set of experiments that investigate performance in search and rescue navigating tasks using augmented reality. Augmentation consisted of a spatially and temporally registered map of a maze that was overlaid onto a real world maze. Participants were required to traverse the maze, answer spatially oriented questions in the maze, …

Building A Comprehensive Energy Model For Off-Highway Vehicles With Emphasis On Vehicle Thermal Control Systems, Ayhan Zora

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

Utilizing machine and thermal system simulations (vehicle energy models) can be very helpful for vehicle manufacturing companies to develop a machine with acceptable component temperatures, less heat loads to the vehicle cooling systems, and reduced emissions that will also reduce overall product development cycle.

Energy models of vehicles were developed mostly in the automotive industry, and most of these studies were based on partial energy models.

The aim of this research study was to create a comprehensive energy model for agricultural machinery, which will be a basis for future work on similar products. A tractor model from a Midwest off-road …

Why Toyota And Honda Topped The 2002 J.D. Power Quality Study, Susan Lightle, Kenneth Yale Rosenzweig, John Talbott

Accounting Faculty Publications

Toyota again topped the annual J. D. Power and Associates quality study released in late May of 2002. Toyota scored the highest mark ever with l 07 defects per l 00 vehicles, while Honda came in second with 113 defects. The study was based on responses of approximately 65,000 new car owners queried during their first 90-days of ownership.

These results do not surprise us, as we have been fortunate to make numerous sojourns to the Toyota plant in Georgetown, Kentucky, and observe the manufacturing processes. These trips were normally facilitated by a former Japanese student of ours, Minako Yanke, …

Auto Carrier Transporter Loading And Unloading Improvement, Brian M. Miller

Theses and Dissertations

Thousands of vehicles (cars, trucks and vans) are transported every day from one location to another. These vehicles are moved around the country on Auto Carrier Transports (ACTs). Delivering these vehicles involves large quantities of time, money and energy. Any reduction in time and energy will result in a significant savings of money. The intent of this research is to develop an algorithm to solve the Auto Carrier Transport Pickup and Delivery Problem. In doing so, the focus is to limit the total times vehicles are placed on and taken off the carrier, otherwise known as the number of loads, …

Comparison Of Measured And Simulated Motion Of A Controllable Parafoil And Payload System, Nathan Slegers, Mark Costello

Faculty Publications - Biomedical, Mechanical, and Civil Engineering

For parafoil and payload aircraft, control is affected by changing the length of several rigging lines connected to the outboard side and rear of the parafoil leading to complex changes in the shape and orientation of the lifting surface. Flight mechanics of parafoil and payload aircraft most often employ a 6 or 9 DOF representation with the canopy modeled as a rigid body during flight. The effect of control inputs is idealized by the deflection of parafoil brakes on the left and right side of the parafoil. Using a small parafoil and payload aircraft, glide rates and turn performance were …

On The Use Of Rigging Angle And Canopy Tilt For Control Of A Parafoil And Payload System, Nathan Slegers, Mark Costello

Faculty Publications - Biomedical, Mechanical, and Civil Engineering

Controllable parafoil and payload aircraft are controlled with downward deflection of left and right parafoil brakes. Lateral control is obtained by differential deflection while longitudinal control is created by collective deflection of the left and right side parafoil brakes. The work reported considers an alternative method to control parafoil and payload air vehicles by tilting the parafoil canopy for lateral control and changing rigging angle for longitudinal control. Using a nonlinear 9 degree of freedom simulation model, it is shown that canopy tilt provides a powerful lateral control mechanism and rigging angle provides a viable longitudinal control mechanism.

Seat Belt Use Compliance In Kansas, Deogratias Eustace, Teresa M. C. Bartel

Civil and Environmental Engineering and Engineering Mechanics Faculty Publications

Passenger vehicle occupant restraints are regarded as the easiest and the most effective way of reducing the number of highway fatalities. Strong vehicle occupant protection enforcement laws are regarded as the most effective way to increase seat belt use. The increase in restraint use in the United States and other countries has been largely attributed to mandatory seat belt use legislation. Many fatalities and injuries in motor vehicle crashes could be avoided if more passengers used their seat belts. Studies have shown that primary laws have been more effective in seat belt use compliance than secondary laws. Also, legislation has …

An Under-Hand Steering Wheel Grasp Produces Significant Risk To The Upper Extremity During Airbag Deployment, Patrick J. Atkinson, Prem Hariharan, Shresta Mari-Gowda, Paul Telehowski, Sidney Martin, Jack Van Hoof, Cynthia Bir, Theresa Atkinson

Crash Safety Center Publications

Recent laboratory investigations suggest that a deploying airbag may fracture the forearm. These studies positioned the arm in an overhand grasp placing the forearm over the airbag module. However, there is little published data on how drivers grip the steering wheel and the general proximity of the upper extremity to the airbag module. The objective of the current study was to identify 'real world' upper extremity positions and to correlate these with accident and experimental data. A survey of the National Automotive Sampling System (NASS) for the years 1995-99 revealed an increase in the number of forearm fractures due to …

An Under-Hand Steering Wheel Grasp Produces Significant Risk To The Upper Extremity During Airbag Deployment, Patrick J. Atkinson, Prem Hariharan, Shresta Mari-Gowda, Paul Telehowski, Sidney Martin, Jack Van Hoof, Cynthia Bir, Theresa Atkinson

Mechanical Engineering Presentations And Conference Materials

Recent laboratory investigations suggest that a deploying airbag may fracture the forearm. These studies positioned the arm in an overhand grasp placing the forearm over the airbag module. However, there is little published data on how drivers grip the steering wheel and the general proximity of the upper extremity to the airbag module. The objective of the current study was to identify 'real world' upper extremity positions and to correlate these with accident and experimental data. A survey of the National Automotive Sampling System (NASS) for the years 1995-99 revealed an increase in the number of forearm fractures due to …

External Aerodynamics Of Heavy Ground Vehicles: Computations And Wind Tunnel Testing, Ilhan Bayraktar

Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering Theses & Dissertations

Aerodynamic characteristics of a ground vehicle affect vehicle operation in many ways. Aerodynamic drag, lift and side forces have influence on fuel efficiency, vehicle top speed and acceleration performance. In addition, engine cooling, air conditioning, wind noise, visibility, stability and crosswind sensitivity are some other tasks for vehicle aerodynamics. All of these areas benefit from drag reduction and changing the lift force in favor of the operating conditions. This can be achieved by optimization of external body geometry and flow modification devices. Considering the latter, a thorough understanding of the airflow is a prerequisite.

The present study aims to simulate …

Comparative Analysis Of Leasing Versus Buying General Purpose Vehicles (Sedan) In The Korean Air Force, Jung J. Kim

Theses and Dissertations

Elmendorf Air Force Base (AFB) is one of the two key ERS airfields for the Pacific Theater. The condition of en route airfields has recently come to the attention of the DoD and the GAO. Delays at these airfields may cause personnel and equipment to arrive late in theater. Fuel systems at Elmendorf AFB are currently being improved, but the GAO questions whether these improvements will help the throughput. As well as being an en route airfield, Elmendorf is also an important Interim Brigade Combat Team (IBCT) APOE for Fort Richardson. The IBCT is designed to operate in small-scale contingency …

Malaysian Automotive Industry's Technological Capabilities In Meeting The Defence Requirements, Ahmad Marzuki Ahmad Nawawi

Student Works (2000-2009)

The end of cold war in late 1980s had totally changed the strategic outlook in the management of military crisis. The revolution in military affairs IRMA) that took place thereafter, had witnessed the importance of technology in determining the national resilience and military power. In modern warfare, technology is considered the main determinant in victory or defeat in the battlefield. The Malaysian Army, realising the need to prepare a lean and mean force to fight a conventional warfare, requires state-of-the-art equipment in order to provide the mobility, firepower and intelligence, which are vital in waging war. All these elements can …

Penswastaan Kereta Turus Dan Utiliti Atm : Persepsi Terhadap Perkhidmatan Dan Juga Perbandingan Kos Antara Spanco Dan Atm, Mohamad Yusoff Yaacob, Shaiful Hisham Mahat, Daud Mohamed

Student Works (2000-2009)

Sejak awal penubuhan ATM pengurusan fleet kereta turus dan utiliti adalah dibawah tanggungjawab ATM sepenuhnya. Waiau bagaimanapun pada 30 Oktober 1993, perjanjian konsesi telah ditandatangani antara Kerajaan Malaysia dan Syarikat SPANCO Sdn Bhd. Dalam perjanjian ini, SPANCO telah diberi hak konsesi untuk memberi perkhidmatan kereta turus dan utiliti kepada ATM. Setelah hampir 9 tahun SPANCO memberi perkhidmatan kini timbul beberapa rungutan di kalangan pengguna ATM yang secara umumnya mempersoalkan keupayaan SPANCO dalam memberi perkhidmatan yang terbaik kepada ATM. Kos sewaan serta senggaraan yang terus meningkat dari tahun kesetahun juga turut menimbulkan persoalan mengapa pengurusan kereta turus dan utiliti ini perlu …

A Study Of Muscle Activation In A Mathematical Model Of The Human Head And Neck, Janet Brelin-Fornari, A. Arabyan

Crash Safety Center Publications

A model of the human head and neck that incorporates active and passive muscles is utilized in the analysis of non-impact loading in high “g” environments. The active muscles have the capability to be activated partially and in different combinations.The model is implemented in MADYMO using lumped parameters and Hill muscles. A comparison of simulation results with experimental data, generated by the Naval Biodynamics Laboratory (NBDL) for neck flexion and rebound, shows excellent agreement for a 15g impulsive load.

A Study Of Muscle Activation In A Mathematical Model Of The Human Head And Neck, Janet Brelin-Fornari, A. Arabyan

Mechanical Engineering Presentations And Conference Materials

A model of the human head and neck that incorporates active and passive muscles is utilized in the analysis of non-impact loading in high “g” environments. The active muscles have the capability to be activated partially and in different combinations.The model is implemented in MADYMO using lumped parameters and Hill muscles. A comparison of simulation results with experimental data, generated by the Naval Biodynamics Laboratory (NBDL) for neck flexion and rebound, shows excellent agreement for a 15g impulsive load.

Computational Fluid Dynamic Study Of A Nascar Winston Cup Series Race Car, Terry L. Meek Jr.

Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering Theses & Dissertations

Since the goal of NASCAR racing is to win and since drag is a force the vehicle must overcome, a thorough understanding of the drag generating airflow around and through the automobile is greatly desired. The external airflow contributes to most of the drag that a car experiences and most of the downforce the vehicle produces. Therefore, an estimate of the vehicle's performance may be evaluated using a computational aerodynamics model. This thesis presents a computational fluid dynamic (CFD) analysis of a NASCAR Winston Cup series race car to investigate the salient flow characteristics.

Before a computational analysis could be …

Lifecycle Energy And Air Emission Differences Between Electric And Internal Combustion Vehicles, David L. Mccleese

Theses and Dissertations

The U.S. Federal Government has encouraged shifting from internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs) to electric vehicles (EVs) with three objectives, reducing foreign oil dependence, greenhouse gas emissions, and criteria pollutant emissions. This thesis uses Monte Carlo simulation to predict lifecycle emissions and energy consumption differences per kilometer driven from replacing ICEVs with three EV options: lead acid, nickel cadmium (Ni-Cd), and nickel metal hydride (NiMH). All three EV options reduce U.S. foreign oil dependence by shifting to domestic coal. The probabilities that lifecycle energy consumption per km driven improve are lead acid 76%, Ni-Cd 64%, and NiMH 90%. The probabilities …

Sistem Pengendalian @ Penyelenggaraan Kenderaan Um, Tat San Tan

Student Works (2000-2009)

Sistem Pengendalian & Penyelenggaraan Kenderaan UM (SPPKUM) adalah satu sistem dibangunkan untuk: membantu pengguna dalam pengendalian dan penyelenggaraan kenderaan- kenderaan UM terutamanya bagi kakitangan Jabatan Pembangunan & Penyelenggaraan Harta Benda di Universiti Malaya (JPPHBUM). Ia membolehkan pengguna merekod, menyelenggara, dan menghasilkan laporan data yang dikehendaki. Bahagian memasukkan data tentang penyelenggaraan kenderaan adalah tujuan merekod, menyimpan, dan menyemak semula. Bahagian laporan adalah menghasilkan maklumat yang berguna kepada pengguna untuk menyelenggarakan kenderaan UM. Bahagian yang lain, iaitu bahagian Peringatan yang bertujuan untuk: memberi peringatan pada masa yang dikehendaki dan bahagian Penukaran Katalaluan adalah untuk membolehkan pengguna menukar katalaluan dan nama pengguna sistem …

Control Of Mercury Emissions Using Unburned Carbon From Combustion By-Products, Jiann-Yang Hwang, Zhenglong Li

Michigan Tech Patents

Mercury emission from a flue gas such as that generated by a coal fired power plant is controlled by injecting into the flue gas unburned carbon purified from ash such as fly ash or wood ash. The unburned carbon adsorbs the mercury and is later removed from the flue gas by a particle separator. The unburned carbon collected from ash is significantly lower in cost compared to activated carbon presently used in such a process. The unburned carbon is concentrated in the sorbent by one or more separation processes used to remove noncarbon particles from the fly ash. These processes …

Lessons From The Malaysian Financial Crisis And The Tough Road Ahead For Proton, Ming Fong Khoo

Student Works (2000-2009)

The economic crisis contagion from Thailand had imposed a serious impact on Malaysia economic. In Malaysia, the currency and financial crisis became a crisis of a real economy. The Malaysia Government undertook many policies to tum around its economy. The more significant policies are capital control and fixed exchange rate implemented in September 1997. The economic and currency crisis had severe impact on automobile industry in Malaysia. All the automobile companies had implemented various strategies to overcome the economy turmoil. However, most of these strategies are reactive action and the automotive companies implement these activities to resolve immediate problem when …

A Literature Review On Methods Being Used For Hot Tearing And Shrinkage Prevention In The Permanent Mold Casting Of Aluminum Alloys, Matthew D. Nolte

Graduate Research Papers

Statement of the Problem: What can be done to eliminate the threat of hot tears and shrinkage in the production of aluminum rims?

Research Questions:

The research being carried out will use a library research or a literature review methodology. The research will provide answers to the following questions:

1. What do sources of authority cite as being the most effective ways to prevent hot tearing and shrinkage in the production of aluminum rims?

2. Is there a way to predict where hot tearing and shrinkage will occur in a casting before any castings are poured?

3. What is being …

The Impacts Of Using A Safety Compliance Standard In Highway Design, Paul J. Ossenbruggen

RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)

Dr. Ossenbruggen introduces an algorithmic method to objectively test and evaluate safety in the highway design process.