Digital Commons Network^™

A Primer On International Agreements Relevant To Marine Carbon Dioxide Removal, Korey Silverman-Roati, Romany M. Webb

Sabin Center for Climate Change Law

This primer provides an introduction to seven international agreements relevant to marine carbon dioxide removal (mCDR) research activities in the ocean. Each of these agreements has implications for whether, when, where, and how in-ocean mCDR projects will go forward. The primer is intended to provide policymakers, non-government organizations (NGOs), scientists, and others working on mCDR with an introduction to the agreements and explain their relevance to mCDR. It also offers guidance to those wishing to engage in discussions regarding mCDR under the agreements, which could help resolve open legal questions on their applicability to, and governance of, mCDR.

The Pay-To-Train Paradigm: How Private Settlements Are Rewriting Generative Ai Copyright Law, Kevin Afiesh

UC Law Journal

The legal landscape for generative artificial intelligence (AI) and copyright is now shaped more by private settlements that overwhelmingly favor copyright holders than by courts or legislators. As AI companies rely on copyrighted materials to train their models, content owners have filed lawsuits challenging these practices. However, instead of clarifying fair use limits in court, most disputes are resolved through private settlements. These agreements impose licensing fees, content restrictions, and compliance requirements, creating a shadow regulatory system that governs how AI companies access and use training data. Although courts and agencies have begun to weigh in, their interventions offer only …

Use Of A Cystatin C-Based Gfr Equation In A Population Pharmacokinetic Model Of Methotrexate Clearance In Adult Patients With Lymphoma., Zachary L. Taylor, Erin F. Barreto, Kristin C. Cole, Andrew D. Rule, Kianoush B. Kashani, Nelson Leung, Carrie A. Thompson, Thomas E. Witzig, Laura Ramsey, Jason N. Barreto

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

BACKGROUND: High-dose methotrexate (HDMTX) is a key treatment for lymphoma with central nervous system involvement. Whether incorporating cystatin C into glomerular filtration rate estimation improves methotrexate (MTX) clearance prediction remains unclear.

OBJECTIVES: We aimed to evaluate whether cystatin C-inclusive glomerular filtration rate equations improve MTX clearance prediction and to explore the relationship between MTX exposure and acute kidney injury (AKI) in adult patients with lymphoma receiving HDMTX.

METHODS: This was a prospective single-center study performed on 80 adult patients with lymphoma receiving HDMTX (1.5-8 g/m²) over a 4-h infusion. A population pharmacokinetic model was constructed using data from …

Epidemiology Of Aspergillosis Diagnoses In Us Adults Using A National Ehr Database, 2013-2023., Brittany L. Morgan Bustamante, Elijah G. Martinez, Aidan Lee, Natalie J. Kane, Simon K. Camponuri, Rose M. Reynolds, Theo T. Snow, Juliana G E Bartels, Mark A. Hoffman, Theodore C. White, Justin V. Remais

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

BACKGROUND: Aspergillosis is a fungal infection associated with rising hospitalizations and substantial morbidity and mortality. In the United States, data remain fragmented due to the absence of centralized surveillance. This study aimed to evaluate demographic, geographic, and temporal trends in aspergillosis diagnoses across the United States and evaluate changes in those patterns following the emergence of COVID-19.

METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using electronic health record data from 142 US healthcare systems (Oracle Health), including adults aged ≥18 years who received care between 2013 and 2023. The cohort included over 76 million patients and 127 million person-years. Aspergillosis …

Molecular And Regional Characterization Of Colorectal Polyps: Insights From Proteomics, Phosphoproteomics, And Immune Profiling., Thomas M. Attard, Shawn D. St Peter, Alexander Kats, Doug R. Lagemann, Caitlin E. Lawson, Badal C. Roy, Kafayat Yusuf, Lisa Harvey, Payel Bhanja, Rishi Man Chugh, Subhrajit Saha, Michael P. Washburn, Shahid Umar

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

BACKGROUND: Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is an inherited predisposition to colorectal cancer and characterized by profuse colorectal adenomas starting from the second decade of life. Regional (left vs. right) differences in the colonic microbiologic and immunologic microenvironment may impact adenoma evolution but are poorly understood. We aimed to characterize regional molecular, microbial, DNA damage, and immune differences in pediatric FAP polyps to test the hypothesis that polyps in pediatric FAP exhibit distinct regional and molecular features that contribute to differential growth and genomic instability.

METHODS: Colonic polyps and adjacent non-polyp mucosa were harvested from pediatric FAP patients undergoing colonoscopy. Tandem …

Hyperacute Effects Of Non-Code Dose Bolus Epinephrine In Paediatric Cardiac Intensive Care Patients: Insights From High-Fidelity Physiologic Data., Wesam Sourour, Michael Evans, Kevin Le, Saul Flores, Juan S. Farias, Rohit Seth Loomba

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

BACKGROUND: Non-code dose boluses of epinephrine are utilised in critically ill paediatric patients during periods of hemodynamic deterioration, often with the hopes of preventing a cardiac arrest. Data regarding the physiologic effects of these administrations are limited. The primary aim of this study was to use high-fidelity physiologic data to characterise the effects of intravenous non-code dose bolus epinephrine.

METHODS: Paediatric patients in the cardiac ICU who received non-code dose bolus epinephrine were identified. Those who received fluid boluses or chest compressions within 2 minutes of bolus epinephrine were excluded. Autoregressive integrated moving average analyses with exogenous variables were conducted …

Fare-Free Public Transportation: A Systematic Review Of Outcomes, Joseph S. Lightner, Nancy Ziegler, Tyler Prochnow, Sammi Ford, Jordan A. Carlson, Mallory Moon, Jannette Berkley-Patton, Steven Chesnut, Amanda Grimes

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Introduction

Methods

2026 Nh 4-H Grill Master Cook-Off Scoresheet, Mikayla Cerney

UNH Cooperative Extension

No abstract provided.

2026 Nh 4-H Grilled Cheese Contest Scoresheet, Mikayla Cerney

UNH Cooperative Extension

No abstract provided.

Canning Fruits And Tomatoes [Fact Sheet], Mikayla Cerney

UNH Cooperative Extension

No abstract provided.

Addressing System Strength And Reliability Concerns In Renewable Energy-Based Weak Grids Using Synchronous Condensers Determined By Hybrid Gru-Classical Optimization Method, Md Ohirul Qays, Iftekhar Ahmad, Daryoush Habibi, Mohammad A.S. Masoum, Thair Mahmoud

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Owing to the higher-integration of renewable energy generators (REGs), conventional coal-based synchronous generators are being decommissioned from generation fleets, resulting in system strength and reliability concerns. Along with the increasing load demand, deficiency of system strength can be a huge risk to system stability and can eventually lead to blackouts by disconnecting REGs from grid systems. In the literature, researchers and power engineers have proposed to deploy synchronous condensers (SynCons) as a mitigation strategy to address the system strength and reliability challenges. SynCons are, however, expensive and require investigation for higher reliability results before installation. To address the concerns, SynCons’ …

Shear Stability Enhancement In Fracture Plugging Zones: Unveiling Failure Mechanisms And Adhesive Benefits Through Photoelastic Analysis, Haoran Jing, Yili Kang, Chengyuan Xu, Lei Liu, Xiaopeng Yan, Zhenjiang You

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Addressing lost circulation during drilling operations typically involves the utilization of lost circulation materials (LCMs) to create a fracture plugging zone (FPZ), which effectively decouples the wellbore fluid column pressure (Pw) from the formation pressure (Pf). This FPZ, comprised of aggregated granular LCM particles, frequently succumbs to shear stress, with shear failure being the predominant mode of structural failure, leading to ongoing fluid losses. To illuminate the failure mechanisms of the FPZ under conditions of escalating drilling differential pressure (Pw - Pf), we utilized photoelastic experiments to capture and visualize the evolving mesoscopic mechanical structure of the FPZ. Photoelastic images …

Numerical Investigation On Enhancing The Performance Of A Parabolic Trough Collector Using A Threaded Absorber Tube, Shayan Pourhemmati, Abdellah M. Shafieian, Hussein A. Mohammed, Barun Kumar Das, Majid Tolouei-Rad

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

The growing global demand for energy and heightened environmental concerns have elevated the importance of solar energy harvesting in recent years. Parabolic trough collectors (PTCs) are widely utilized for capturing direct solar radiation; however, conventional PTC efficiency is limited by low convection heat transfer rate in the absorber section, which is then delivered to heat transfer fluid (HTF). This study numerically investigates the use of a threaded tube as a fluid flow disruption technique to enhance heat transfer rate within the absorber, with Reynolds numbers ranging from 4000 to 10,000. Three key geometric parameters of the thread: pitch (300, 150 …

Participatory Action Research (Par) In Designing A Supplementary Animated Teaching Resource To Support Learning Cervical Assessment, Michelle Gray, Shelley Stuart, Melanie Welfare

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Aim: To create an education resource that assists students to understand the movement of the cervix during labour from a posterior retroverted position to a central location, cervical effacement, dilatation of the cervix and descent of the fetal skull. Background: Learning about anatomy and physiology in relation to cervical effacement and dilatation are abstract concepts that are difficult to understand from reading alone. Diagrams are of little assistance however 3D animation has the potential to improve students learning experiences. Design: Participatory Action Research (PAR) using the 7 C's Feekery Framework approach was adopted. Participants became coresearchers in conceptualising the learning …

Physical Fitness And Executive Functions In Early Childhood: A Systematic Review Of Recent Evidence, Nemanja Lakicevic, Marko Manojlovic, Elena Chichinina, Apollinaria Chursina, Kristina Tarasova, Ewan Thomas, Yuming Zhong, Antonino Bianco, Patrik Drid

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background Optimizing physical fitness (PF) and developing executive functions (EFs) is of great importance in preschool children. The link between PF, obtained through repetitive physical activity, and EFs is gaining increasing attention in recent years and we sought to systematically search the literature on the relationship between PF and EFs in preschool children published in the last five years. Methods Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed were databases searched for the relevant literature. Original studies written in English and published in peer-reviewed journals including healthy children aged 3–6 years who were simultaneously tested for PF and EFs were considered eligible. …

Preserving Residual Kidney Function In Haemodialysis: Current Practices, Challenges, And Perspectives From Renal Clinicians, Lijun Zhong, Ulrich Steinwandel, Hugh Davies, Sara Bayes, Jagadish Jamboti, Hemant Kulkarni, Doris Chan

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: Residual kidney function in patients receiving haemodialysis is associated with improved survival, reduced cardiovascular risk and better quality of life. Yet, clinical guidelines on its preservation are limited, and local practices remain unclear. Objectives: To explore current practices, perceptions and challenges related to residual kidney function preservation among renal clinicians. Design: Descriptive cross-sectional survey. Participants: Renal physicians and nurses working in hospital-based haemodialysis units across Western Australia. Measurements: Role-specific questionnaires were administered to renal physicians and nurses. Results: Eighty-four completed responses were received (physicians n = 25; nurses n = 59). Over half of physicians (56%, n = 14) …

Widespread Decline In The Abundance Of Sea Cucumber Assemblages In Atolls Of The Protected Rowley Shoals, Northwestern Australia, Inês Leal, Claire L. Ross, Simone Strydom, Richard D. Evans, Thomas H. Holmes, Graham J. Edgar, John K. Keesing

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

The Rowley Shoals, off northwestern Australia, are renowned as a biodiversity hotspot. This remote system comprises three atolls, Clerke, Imperieuse and Mermaid, which in recent years have been increasingly targeted by illegal fishing, a pressure rising across the Indo-Pacific. The objective of this study was to quantify recent changes in sea cucumber assemblages across the Rowley Shoals. We surveyed nine sea cucumber species at monitoring sites in 2018 and 2023 to assess changes in their abundance. Total assemblage densities declined significantly across all atolls and habitats. Documented seizures of illegally harvested holothurians by the Australian Fisheries Management Authority over this …

A Joint Effort: Stakeholders' Perspectives Of Medication Management Reviews In Australian Residential Aged Care, Rajendra Gyawali, Marea O'Donnell, Rachel Jenkins, Amy D. Nguyen, Lalit Yadav, Rosemary Saunders, Fiona J. Clay, Johanna I. Westbrook, Karla Seaman, Magdalena Z. Raban

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Objective: Residential Medication Management Review (RMMR) is a government-funded pharmacist-led service to address medication-related problems, such as polypharmacy, which are prevalent in aged care. Despite known benefits, concerns remain about the service's effective implementation to benefit residents. We aimed to explore stakeholders' perspectives of the service and identify challenges and improvement opportunities. Method: A qualitative study was conducted using individual interviews and focus groups with 21 stakeholders, including general practitioners (GPs), a nurse practitioner, registered nurses, pharmacists and consumers. Audio transcripts of the discussions were thematically analysed using inductive coding. Results: Seven interconnected themes were identified, highlighting complexities in RMMR …

Clinical Insights Into The Management Of Sleep Disturbances Within Cancer Care: A Qualitative Analysis, Sam Adams, Timothy D. Clay, Mitchell Turner, Christopher Kueh, Kelly Moes, Travis Cruickshank

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Purpose: The present study aimed to gain a deeper understanding of how oncology healthcare professionals’ (HCPs) manage sleep disturbances. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 oncology HCPs (medical oncologists, oncology nurse practitioners, clinical nurse consultants) working in metropolitan Perth, Western Australia. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to understand oncology HCPs’ perspectives on treating sleep disturbances, explore challenges and barriers to their management, as well as opportunities for improvement. Results: Four main themes were developed: (1) sleep disturbances are underreported and underassessed, (2) poor sleep can be difficult to manage, (3) limited capacity to address sleep issues, and (4) opportunities …

Comparing Methods For Measuring 210po In Seawater: Fe(Oh)3 Can Extract Less 210po Than Co-Apdc And Thus Overestimate Poc Export Fluxes, Harold Carrasco, J. Kirk Cochran, Beat Gasser, Inés Sanz-Alvarez, Montserrat Roca-Martí, Christina Heilbrun, Nicholas S. Fisher, Jana Friedrich, Pere Masqué

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Over six decades of research, two methods have been used to extract the natural radionuclides ²¹⁰Pb and ²¹⁰Po from seawater- the precipitation of iron hydroxide (Fe(OH)3) and coagulation of cobalt ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (Co-APDC). Although the two methods had been intercompared for ²¹⁰Pb and shown to agree, they were never intercompared for ²¹⁰Po until Roca-Martí et al. (2021) , in which only unfiltered samples were used. Here we document that Fe(OH)3 may be less effective in extracting ²¹⁰Po from a seawater sample than Co-APDC. We hypothesize that cycling of ²¹⁰Po through the marine food …

Explainable Artificial Intelligence Models For Detecting Suspicious Bank Transactions, Narasimha Kumar Narasapuram, Syed Afaq Ali Shah, Mohd Fairuz Shiratuddin, Ferdous Sohel

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Detecting financial crime is a complex challenge due to evolving criminal strategies and fragmented detection systems, particularly in the areas of money laundering and fraud. While it is easy to implement, traditional rule-based approaches lack adaptability to new threats, and machine learning models, though more effective, often function as opaque "black boxes," limiting their practical use in regulated domains like banking, where interpretability and accountability are essential. This research presents a novel framework that combines intrinsic and post-hoc XAI techniques to detect suspicious bank transactions. Intrinsic methods provide model-inherent transparency, while post-hoc methods offer behavior-level explanations, enabling robust cross-verification of …

Optimizing Agility Training In Team Sport Players—The Role Of Perception-Action Coupling: A Systematic Review With Multi-Level Meta-Analysis, Zhiwei Zhao, Yuhang Liu, Kai Xu

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Agility, characterized by rapid whole-body movement in response to external stimuli, is a key performance determinant in team sports owing to its reliance on perception-action coupling. Despite its importance, existing evidence on training effects is disproportionately focused on change-of-direction ability, overlooking the perceptual-cognitive demands of true agility. This systematic review therefore sought to quantify the effects of agility-specific training, examine moderators and establish dose-response model in team-sport players, while accounting for perception-action coupling. Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, systematic searches were conducted in Web of Science, Scopus and PubMed for peer-reviewed English-language studies. Risk of bias was appraised using a modified …

Reimagining Peer-Led Support In Doctoral Nursing And Midwifery Education: A Collaborative Autoethnographic Case Study, Gideon U. Johnson, Sachini Thennakoon, Mayumi Kumarage, Emy Toutountzis, Lisa Whitehead

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Aim: To explore how peer-led initiatives can enhance connection, belonging and sustainability within higher degree by research (HDR) nursing and midwifery programmes. Background: HDR study can be an isolating experience, often characterised by fragmented support and limited opportunities for structured peer learning. While institutions provide formal mechanisms for supervision and progress, less attention has been given to student-led approaches that cultivate inclusive scholarly communities and sustained peer engagement. Design: Collaborative autoethnographic case study. Methods: HDR student representatives and academic staff at Edith Cowan University, Australia (2022–2024), reflected collaboratively on the design, implementation and impact of peer-led initiatives, including monthly hybrid …

Skeletal Muscle Health In Childhood Cancer Survivors: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Anna Maria Markarian, Dennis R. Taaffe, Daniel A. Galvão, Carolyn J. Peddle-Mcintyre, Jodie Cochrane Wilkie, Francesco Bettariga, Nicholas G. Gottardo, Mayank Dhamija, Santosh Valvi, Catriona M. Buchanan, Kerrie Graham, Robert U. Newton

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Purpose: Childhood cancer survivors (CCS) are at risk of long-term skeletal muscle deficits following intensive therapies during critical periods of growth. This review aimed to synthesize approaches for assessing muscle quantity, quality, and function in CCS and to quantify deficits relative to healthy peers. Methods: A systematic search was conducted in CINAHL, Embase, PubMed, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science from inception to June 2024, with an update in November 2025. Studies including CCS who had completed cancer treatment and reported measures of muscle quantity, quality, or physical function were eligible. A three-level mixed-effects model meta-analysis was conducted. Associations between muscle …

Work Challenges And Cancer-Related Cognitive Impairment: Level Of Education Accounts For Unmet Needs Beyond Cognitive Impairment Severity, Darren Haywood, Susan L. Rossell, Ashley Henneghan, Frank D. Baughman, Jennifer Haywood, Evan Dauer, Annika Hegde, Ahmed A. Moustafa, Nicolas H. Hart

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Purpose: Cancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI) can impact cancer survivors’ return to work and occupational functioning for many years following the completion of cancer treatment. Understanding the characteristics of CRCI-related occupational difficulties and unmet supportive care needs is critical for the development of effective interventions. Within occupational roles, a higher level of education is typically associated with greater cognitive load and different demands. The objective of this study was to examine whether the level of education accounted for CRCI-related (a) occupational difficulties and (b) occupational unmet supportive care needs, beyond the contributions of perceived cognitive functioning and employment level. Methods: A …

Assessing Liver And Iron Markers In Steady State Pediatric Scd Patients To Ascertain The Hepatic Consequences Of Hemotransfusion: A Case-Control Study In Ghana, John Agyemang Sah, Stephen Twumasi, Allwell Adofo Ayirebi, Benedict Sackey, Enoch Odame Anto, Richard Vikpebah Duneeh, Ebenezer Senu, Veronica Barnor, David Boakye, Daniel Nii Martey Antonio, Wina Ivy Ofori Boadu

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background and Aims: Between 200,000 and 300,000 children with sickle cell disease (SCD) are born in Africa every year, with 75%–80% of these children living in sub-Saharan Africa. In newborns with SCD, significant iron accumulations may develop because of their increased risk of requiring multiple blood transfusions. This study aimed to assess the hepatic effects of hemotransfusion in pediatric SCD patients in steady state by measuring liver and iron markers. Methods: This case-control research enrolled 120 children with SCD and 60 children without SCD from the Asokwa Children's Hospital Sickle Cell Clinic and Child Welfare Clinic. Participants’ sociodemographic information, history …

Graph Convolution Neural Network And Deep Q-Network Optimization-Based Intrusion Detection With Explainability Analysis, Kelvin Mwiga, Mussa Dida, Leandros Maglaras, Ahmad Mohsin, Helge Janicke, Iqbal H. Sarker

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

As networks expand in size and complexity, coupled with an exponential increase in intrusions on network and IoT systems, this leads to traditional models failing to capture increasingly intricate correlations among network components accurately. Graph Convolution Networks (GCNs) have recently acquired prominence for their capacity to represent nodes, edges, or entire graphs by aggregating information from adjacent nodes. However, the correlations between nodes and their neighbours, as well as related edges, differ. Assigning higher weights to nodes and edges with high similarity improves model accuracy and expressiveness. In this paper, we propose the GCN-DQN model, which integrates GCN with a …

Machine Learning-Based Upscaling Of Rock Permeability From Pore Scale To Core Scale: Effect Of Training Dataset Size And Sub-Core Volumes, Yaotian Guo, Fei Jiang, Takeshi Tsuji, Yoshitake Kato, Mai Shimokawara, Lionel Esteban, Mojtaba Seyyedi, Marina Pervukhina, Maxim Lebedev, Ryuta Kitamura

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Permeability characterizes the capacity of porous formations to conduct fluids, thereby governing the performance of carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS), hydrocarbon extraction, and subsurface energy storage. A reliable assessment of rock permeability is therefore essential for these applications. Direct estimation of permeability from low-resolution CT images of large rock samples offers a rapid approach to obtain permeability data. However, the limited resolution fails to capture detailed pore-scale structural features, resulting in low prediction accuracy. To address this limitation, we propose a convolutional neural network (CNN)-based upscaling method that integrates high-precision pore-scale permeability information into core-scale, low-resolution CT images. In …

Mango Fruit Set And Drop: A Comprehensive Review, Haider Ali, Zora Singh, Mekhala Dinushi Kananke Vithana, Jugpreet Singh, Alan Niscioli, Eben Afrifa-Yamoah, Andrew Woodward, Mahmood Ul Hasan, Aman Ullah Malik

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Insufficient fruit set and excessive fruit drop are key challenges faced within the global mango (Mangifera indica L.) industry, affecting yield consistency and grower’s income as well as adversely impacting global mango trade. Rising temperature regimes and extreme weather events at critical stages of fruit set and development are among the primary driving factors behind these extremely devastating issues in the mango industry. Scientific interventions aimed at regulating fruit set and drop have become increasingly important. Inadequate pollination and fertilisation can also cause poor fruit set, whilst self-incompatibility and stenospermocarpy can cause fruit drop in mango. Mango fruit set and …

Remodeling Of The Mouse Liver And Skeletal Muscle Metabolome In Response To Continuous Acute Exercise And Disruption Of Ampk-Glycogen Interactions, Mehdi R. Belhaj, David I. Broadhurst, Thomas Dignan, Jamie Whitfield, Lisa Murray-Segal, Naomi X.Y. Ling, Jonathan S. Oakhill, Bruce E. Kemp, John A. Hawley, Stacey N. Reinke, Nolan J. Hoffman

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background/Objectives: Acute exercise remodels many interconnected biochemical pathways in metabolically active tissues. This remodeling involves the activation of the energy-sensing AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) to maintain cellular energy homeostasis. Critical energy reserves of glycogen, primarily stored in liver and skeletal muscle and known to interact with AMPK, are utilized to help meet increased energy demands with exercise. However, the breadth of metabolic pathways regulated by acute exercise and AMPK’s interactive roles with glycogen remain incompletely understood. This study therefore aimed to map mouse liver and skeletal muscle metabolite responses to continuous acute exercise and disruption of AMPK-glycogen interactions. Methods: Liquid …