Digital Commons Network^™

Undifferentiated Blast Crisis In Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia: A Rarest-Of-The-Rare Complication In A Patient On Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor, Priyanka Mishra, Sanjeevan Sharma

Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal

No abstract provided.

What Matters To Residential Long-Term Care Residents: Contextualizing Perceptions Of Person-Centered Care, Luis J. Cordero, Sarah Dys, Diana White

Institute on Aging Publications

This study combines the CRITIC and DEMATEL methods and introduces a new hybrid scenario analysis approach that identifies cross-scenario strategies. We use Taiwan's wind energy industry as a case study to validate the process. Although scenario analysis has been applied across various fields and organization types—including strategic planning, education, training, and recent environmental issues—scholars have highlighted problems such as the subjectivity of qualitative analysis and the lack of quantitative evidence. To address this, this study integrates scenario analysis with quantitative multi-criteria decision analysis to support decision makers in conducting scenario evaluations. We achieve this by applying a multi-criteria approach to …

Developing A Novel Typology Of Unprofessional Behaviours Between Healthcare Staff: A Best Fit Framework Synthesis, Justin Aunger, Ruth Abrams, Russell Mannion, Aled Jones, Judy M. Wright, Johanna I. Westbrook, Mark Pearson, Jill Maben

School of Nursing and Midwifery

Background: Unprofessional behaviours such as bullying, harassment, and microaggressions negatively affect patient safety and staff psychological wellbeing in healthcare systems globally. These behaviours do so by: (i) inhibiting health care professionals’ abilities to speak up to raise safety concerns; (ii) impairing team communication and individuals’ concentration; and (iii) promoting tolerance of bad practice. Unfortunately, there is little consensus in practice or academia about how these behaviours are defined. This can lead to an underestimation of the prevalence of these behaviours, inhibition of speaking up by victims and bystanders, and reduced accountability by those who enact these behaviours. We aimed to …

Impact Of Social Vulnerability On Glycemic Control And Diabetes Technology Use In Youth With Type 1 Diabetes, Nicholas R Banull, Melanie Bryan, Stephen I Stone, Hope Shimony, Amanda Ingram, Ana María Arbeláez

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Diabetes technology has been shown to improve glycemic control in people with type 1 diabetes (T1DM). Despite their benefits, these technologies are used less frequently by youth from lower socioeconomic backgrounds and racial minorities worldwide. This study aimed to examine the relationship between social vulnerability, disparities in diabetes technology use, and glycemic control in youth with T1DM. METHODS: This retrospective billing code analysis included 1,460 patients with T1DM, aged ≤ 23 years old, who were seen at a large academic diabetes center in the Midwest between January 2020 and April 2022, before the expansion of insurance coverage for diabetes …

Breath Back, Bronte Alston

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Breath Back is a collection of poems written throughout the first 18 months of a doctoral study based in the petro-state of Western Australia. As a Wadjela (non-Indigenous) climate justice activist-researcher, Alston adopts poetic autoethnography as an embodied, intuitive praxis to critically and reflexively examine limitations, positionality, power, privilege, and voice throughout their research process. This collection is deeply intertwined with Alston’s deepening connection to Country, specifically through the seasonal cycles of Wardandi Noongar Boodja (Country) in south-west Western Australia.

Antibacterial Activities Of Methylating Cowpea Globulins, Seham Abdel-Shafi, Ali Osman, Eman Tartour, Mahmoud Sitohy, Gamal Enan

Al-Farahidi Biomedical Journal

Background: Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) is a nutritionally important legume rich in storage proteins, mainly 7S and 11S globulins. These proteins have gained recent attention due to their potential bioactive properties, including antimicrobial effects. Chemical modification such as methylation may enhance their functional and biological activities.

Objectives: This study aimed to extract and characterize cowpea protein isolate (CPI) and its globulin fractions (7S and 11S), evaluate their antibacterial activities, and investigate the effect of methylation on enhancing their potency.

Materials and Methods: CPI was extracted from cowpea seeds, and 7S and 11S globulins were purified and designated as P7S …

From Kickbacks To False Claims: The Causation Consequences Of The 2010 Anti-Kickback Statute Amendment, Daniella Stoltz

University of Chicago Legal Forum

The 2010 amendment to the Anti-Kickback Statute (AKS) sought to strengthen federal healthcare fraud enforcement by clarifying that Medicare and Medicaid claims submitted to the government “resulting from” AKS violations constitute false claims under the False Claims Act (FCA). However, two words, “resulting from,” have created a deep circuit split over the requisite causation standard. The First, Sixth, and Eighth Circuits require but-for causation, demanding proof that false claims would not have been submitted but-for the illegal kickback. The Third Circuit adopted a looser standard, requiring only some evidence of the illegal kickback and the submitted claim. Rather than focus …

The T+0 Imperative: Modernizing Markets By Shortening The Settlement Cycle, Julia Schreder

University of Chicago Legal Forum

In January 2021, the GameStop short squeeze exposed a major vulnerability in the U.S. financial regulatory system: the T+2 settlement cycle. During the GameStop event, the two-day lag between trade execution and settlement amplified volatility, strained firms like Robinhood, and ultimately limited investor participation. As part of its response, the Securities and Exchange Commission moved from two-day to one-day settlement.

But many of the conditions that led to the GameStop short squeeze persist. Existing securities laws are inadequate to contend with a rapidly evolving online, retail trading landscape. Retail investors are easy targets for bad actors and are frequently left …

When The Rules Burn: A New Approach To Governmental Discretion In Firefighting Operations, Nathan Li

University of Chicago Legal Forum

The Federal Tort Claims Act (FTCA) broadly waives the federal government’s sovereign immunity, but the discretionary function exception (DFE) preserves immunity for acts grounded in judgment or choice. A doctrinal tension arises from the Supreme Court’s instruction in Berkovitz v. United States that the DFE does not apply when a directive “specifically prescribes a course of action.” In high stakes contexts such as wildfire suppression, government actors sometimes deviate from such mandatory directives to make split-second, policy-driven decisions. Yet, in most cases, courts still treat these violations as discretionary acts protected by the DFE, often without explaining how this outcome …

Reckoning With Retaliation: Objective Reasonableness In Sox Whistleblower Cases, Jacob S. Levin

University of Chicago Legal Forum

Congress passed the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 to prevent systemic fraud. To this end, Congress included unparalleled anti-retaliation protections for whistleblowers in 28 U.S.C. § 1514A, aimed expressly at ending the “corporate code of silence” which enabled large-scale fraud to go undetected.

To fall within the scope of SOX’s anti-retaliation provisions, a whistleblower must demonstrate he had an “objectively reasonable belief” that his employer’s conduct violated the laws or regulations enumerated in § 1514A. However, the Act does not define what a whistleblower must show to establish an “objectively reasonable belief” that their employer engaged in fraudulent conduct. Over time, …

Beyond Elrod: Extending The Presumption Of Irreparable Harm To The Second Amendment, Roland Kim

University of Chicago Legal Forum

In response to gun violence, many states have attempted to implement gun control laws. Some of these gun control laws have been challenged under the Second Amendment, with parties seeking preliminary injunctions to halt these laws’ enforcement until a final judicial decision has been reached.

In legal disputes over whether to grant a preliminary injunction over various gun control laws, circuits are split as to whether an alleged violation of the Second Amendment is presumptively irreparable, i.e., unable to be adequately remedied after a final judgment. In the First Amendment context, the Supreme Court established in Elrod v. Burns that …

Statistical Analysis Of Log Transformation Effectiveness In Air Traffic Movement Forecasting During Covid-19 In South Africa, John Lehlaka Masekoameng

Journal of Aviation Technology and Engineering

This study evaluates the effectiveness of log transformation in enhancing multiple regression models used to forecast air traffic movements (ATMs) in South Africa during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using 60 monthly observations from October 2016 to September 2021, the analysis incorporates variables such as revenue, lockdown levels, COVID-19 metrics, exchange rates, gross domestic product, and population. Two models are compared: one using raw ATMs and another with log-transformed ATMs as the dependent variable.

While the untransformed model shows stronger explanatory power (R² = 0.904, adjusted R² = 0.891) compared to the log-transformed model (R² = 0.772, adjusted R² = 0.741), the …

Vapes In Violation: The Case For An Fdca-Based Negligence Per Se Claim Against E-Cigarette Manufacturers, Grace Hering

University of Chicago Legal Forum

The unexpected and dramatic rise in youth e-cigarette consumption in the past decade has left both private and public actors racing to catch up to a quickly evolving and potentially disastrous market. As litigation against e-cigarette manufacturers continues to develop, it is increasingly evident that one of the biggest obstacles to bringing private claims will be avoiding preemption under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FDCA).

This Comment argues that one untested yet promising pathway for injured plaintiffs to avoid preemption is to bring FDCA-based negligence per se claims. By examining precedent involving other FDCA provisions, this Comment assesses …

Curfew And Its Constitutional Limits: Analyzing The Judicial Standard Of Review For Curfews In Times Of Emergency, Alec Greven

University of Chicago Legal Forum

Curfews imposed against an entire civilian population are extremely rare. Despite this, the amount of curfews has recently skyrocketed in the United States as government officials use this sweeping power to respond to emergencies. This Comment evaluates the constitutional rights implicated by general curfew orders, namely the right to travel and the right to speak in public forums. Then, this Comment surveys the current circuit split. Lower courts significantly diverge in their standard of review of curfew orders and apply three very different forms of review: deference, intermediate scrutiny, and strict scrutiny. This Comment argues that courts should subject general …

Climate Change Impact On Cooling Energy Demand Of Major Airports In Nigeria, Abdullah C. Salihu, Yahaya Z. Ibrahim, Rukayyat Abdulkarim, Emmanuel I. Aruya

Journal of Aviation Technology and Engineering

Rising global temperatures due to climate change are intensifying the cooling energy demands of critical infrastructure, including airports. This study assesses the impact of climate change on the cooling energy needs of five major international airports in Nigeria (Abuja, Enugu, Kano, Lagos, and Port Harcourt) using cooling degree days (CDDs) derived from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) multi-model ensemble climate projections. Monthly and annual CDD calculated with a base temperature of 18°C were obtained from the World Bank Climate Change Knowledge Portal (CCKP) at a spatial resolution of 25 km × 25 km. Percentage changes in CDD were analyzed …

Compassion Or Crisis?: Distinguishing Intent Under § 1324 In Sanctuary And Trafficking Cases, Leah Cussen

University of Chicago Legal Forum

Section 1324 of Title 8 of the U.S. Code prohibits “harboring” undocumented immigrants. But for decades, courts have disagreed over what counts as harboring and what mens rea is required to prove it. These questions have only grown more urgent as immigration has been repeatedly framed as a national crisis. A lack of uniformity in the application of § 1324 has enabled expansive enforcement of the anti-harboring provision, allowing a single statute to target both humanitarian actors providing sanctuary and traffickers exploiting immigrants.

Today, a circuit split reflects two competing approaches. The Third, Fifth, Sixth, and Eighth Circuits use a …

When Disaster Strikes: Assessing The Takings Clause In The Context Of Government-Caused Property Destruction, Abby Berman

University of Chicago Legal Forum

In rare but dire emergencies, the government must destroy the property of innocent homeowners to prevent further harm to a community. Although the law often forgives such destruction to protect the public good, courts have inadequately resolved how to compensate innocent property owners for their losses. This Comment unpacks how doctrine has split among circuit courts regarding whether the Takings Clause requires just compensation for innocent property owners whose property has been destroyed by government action in response to an emergency. As a resolution to this circuit split, this Comment proposes that courts should adopt a multi-factor test, utilizing the …

Advanced Qualification Program Assessments In Aviation Higher Education: A Theoretical Framework, Jorge L. D. Albelo Ph.D., Victor M. Fraticelli Rivera Ph.D.

Journal of Aviation Technology and Engineering

This study investigates the integration of an Advanced Qualification Program (AQP)-centered approach into aviation higher education, aiming to refine assessment methods and enhance the educational experience of future aviation professionals. Guided by research questions exploring the strengths, limitations, key characteristics, and potential improvements of AQP-centered assessments, the study reveals a strong consensus among students and faculty. The AQP model, traditionally an alternative to conventional pilot training under 14 CFR Parts 121 and 135, offers a structured, industry-relevant framework emphasizing clear evaluation processes, multilevel knowledge and skill assessments, and high academic performance. Findings indicate that effective AQP assessments balance theoretical knowledge, …

False Claims, Real Threats: Cybersecurity Noncompliance And The False Claims Act’S Materiality Standard, Charlotte Bairey

University of Chicago Legal Forum

This Comment examines the challenges of applying the False Claims Act’s (FCA) materiality standard to cybersecurity noncompliance by federal contractors. Although the Department of Justice’s Civil Cyber-Fraud Initiative seeks to hold government contractors accountable for misrepresenting their adherence to federal cybersecurity standards, courts have inconsistently applied the “holistic” framework for determining materiality established by the Supreme Court in Universal Health Services v. Escobar. Cybersecurity-related FCA claims face unique obstacles when it comes to showing materiality because noncompliance is widespread, national security interests complicate the government’s payment decisions, and government agencies may continue contracting with noncompliant entities out of necessity. This …

Killer Heat: The Disaster Fema Refuses To Own, Robert R.M. Verchick

University of Chicago Legal Forum

Extreme heat, also known as a “heatwave,” is by far the leading weather-related cause of death in the United States.1 In 2023, extreme heat took 2,300 lives—more than all the deaths attributed to hurricanes, earthquakes, tornadoes, droughts, wildfires, winter storms, and floods combined. Harms from extreme heat, which are especially severe in disadvantaged communities, will only increase as the climate continues to break down. Despite these facts, in more than 70 years of comprehensive disaster response, no president has ever declared a “major disaster” based on extreme heat, nor has the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) ever recommended he do …

Integrating Human Factors, Technology, And Mental Health: A Mixed-Methods Framework For Aviation Maintenance Safety In The Philippines, Arthur Dela Peña

Journal of Aviation Technology and Engineering

A complex interaction of human factors, mental health, organizational dynamics, and emerging technologies influences aviation maintenance safety in the Philippines. This study aims to develop an integrated framework to address these aspects and reduce maintenance-related errors. Using a mixed-methods approach based on Creswell’s pragmatic paradigm, the research surveyed 200 participants, including aviation maintenance technicians (AMTs), supervisors, and managers, and conducted in-depth interviews and focus groups. Quantitative analysis revealed that fatigue was a significant contributor to maintenance errors, accounting for 45% of recorded incidents and exhibiting a strong correlation with error rates (r = 0.71, p = 0.005). Incorporating human factors …

Majority Rule And Bankruptcy Resolution Of Mass-Harm Events, Sarah Paterson, Adrian Walters

University of Chicago Legal Forum

Mass-harm events invariably precipitate mass tort liabilities. Since the enactment of the Bankruptcy Code in 1978, firms have resorted to Chapter 11 to address mass tort claims in cases involving asbestos-related disease, defective products, the opioid crisis, and historic sexual abuse. Of late, the use of bankruptcy to resolve mass tort claims has been the subject of sustained criticism from inside and outside bankruptcy law’s professional and academic communities. Much of this has been provoked by the Purdue Pharma filing and the bankruptcy court’s approval of a plan of reorganization that created a liability shield for the Sackler family in …

Vaccines For Pandemics: Lessons From Covid-19 For H5n1 And Beyond, Alison Mccarthy, Michael S. Sinha

University of Chicago Legal Forum

The COVID-19 pandemic brought unprecedented challenges to vaccine development and distribution. Never before has a vaccine been developed so quickly and distributed so rapidly. But compared to past pandemics and public health crises—like polio or even the more recent H1N1 pandemic—the United States government’s COVID-19 vaccine strategy depended greatly on the private sector.

COVID-19 vaccines were credited with saving millions of lives worldwide, but private companies reaped these rewards, retained their patent rights, and profited from the vast and pressing need for their vaccines. Now, five years later, not every company views its vaccine work as a success. Financial hits …

Exploring The Reduction Of Runway Incursions Through Training, Vasilios (Billy) Constaintine Metallinos

Journal of Aviation Technology and Engineering

Runway incursions are prevalent aviation safety issues that result in adverse outcomes. The focus of this qualitative case study was exploring the reduction of runway incursions through training for pilots. Applying social cognitive theory (SCT) provided this study with a theoretical underpinning. Conducting interviews and a focus group with 17 participants allowed for the collection of enough data and resulted in identifying the importance of training in preventing runway incursions. Based on the thematic analysis conducted, it was identified that evidence-based, scenario-based, and continuous training can be used to reduce runway incursions caused by pilot deviations. The results contribute to …

Elections, Courts, And Democratic Crisis: Constitutional Structure And The 2020 Election, Manoj Mate

University of Chicago Legal Forum

This Article analyzes how the U.S. constitutional order responds to democratic crisis by examining Supreme Court cases dealing with the effort to overturn the 2020 election, and the response to the January 6th Capitol attack. It analyzes the Court’s approaches to constitutional structure in key cases and how these approaches impact constitutional capacity to address democratic crises. The Article discusses how the effort to overturn the 2020 election sought to exploit key weaknesses in the U.S. constitutional framework. It then examines how the Supreme Court adjudicated cases related to the effort to overturn the 2020 election, including Moore v. Harper, …

Emergencies, Alien And Domestic, Samuel Issacharoff

University of Chicago Legal Forum

Democracies survive some emergencies, even emerging stronger after some crises despite temporary suspensions of liberty. Democracies die when faced with other emergencies. This Article explores why. It addresses the claimed need to limit rights of electoral participation in response to the rise of antidemocratic forces through the lens of militant democracy in Europe and the Insurrection Clause of Section Three of the Fourteenth Amendment in the United States. When examined through the context of claimed exigency, the ability of democracies to survive or even thrive after emergencies turns heavily on whether the source of the perceived threat is foreign or …

Realizing The World Health Organization’S Constitutional Mission: Equitably And Everywhere, Sam Halabi, Lawrence Gostin

University of Chicago Legal Forum

COVID-19 revealed deeply embedded inequalities in countries’ capacity to respond to public health disasters. From 2020 to 2024, the content and scope of international health law expanded to address these deep inequities, including a new pandemic agreement and significant changes to the International Health Regulations (IHR). Recent moves by the Trump Administration leveled significant losses on this new global health law infrastructure. At the heart of this infrastructure is the World Health Organization (WHO)—the UN’s specialized agency, which for 77 years has led the world toward realizing the human right to the highest attainable standard of mental and physical health. …

Crisis And The Constitution: The Role Of Civil Liberties In Times Of National Security Threat, Michele Goodwin, Allison M. Whelan

University of Chicago Legal Forum

In this Article, we contribute to the unfolding debate around civil liberties and civil rights in times of political, cultural, and health crises. As this Article was drafted, the National Guard was deployed in Los Angeles, California and Washington, D.C. by the President of the United States. In Oregon, a federal judge issued a final order barring the Trump administration from deploying troops to Portland. These events renew questions related to federalism, states’ rights, individual civil rights, and civil liberties. As chaos unfolds, what is the rule of law and role of civil liberties in times of real or purported …

Liability For Disaster Risks, Daniel A. Farber

University of Chicago Legal Forum

A growing body of law addresses liability for harms caused by disasters. The bases for liability are diverse: common law torts, statutes covering specific risks, and takings doctrine. Litigation can involve government or private defendants, while the disaster could be anything from an oil spill to a flood. This Article maps this complex legal terrain and discusses three cross-cutting themes in disaster liability. One theme is the action/inaction distinction, which can create a perverse incentive to postpone or forego mitigation efforts. The second theme involves the interplay between legislatures and courts in designing and implementing liability rules. The final theme …

A Continuum Of Responsibility: An Examination Of The Human Right To A Healthy Environment Of Present And Future Generations, Sarah Dávila A.

University of Chicago Legal Forum

Youth-led advocacy has been at the forefront of the protection of the right to a healthy environment in the face of a triple planetary crisis: loss of biodiversity, environmental degradation, and climate change. Globally, youth have called upon international bodies to provide guidance as to how States and private actors can be held accountable for human right violations. They have demanded that States protect not merely the human rights of present generations, but those of future generations. This Article explores recent developments in international human rights law, including the recent Committee on the Rights of the Child General Comment No. …