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Keith Whitmore V. Superintendent Forest Sci Mar 2026

Keith Whitmore V. Superintendent Forest Sci

2026 Decisions

USDC for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania


Newsletter, Winter 2026, Cedar Oaks Guild Mar 2026

Newsletter, Winter 2026, Cedar Oaks Guild

Cedar Oaks Guild Newsletter

No abstract provided.


Staff Education To Optimize Pain Management In Home Health Care, Marie Natacha Francis Mar 2026

Staff Education To Optimize Pain Management In Home Health Care, Marie Natacha Francis

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

This DNP project is a nurse-led quality improvement initiative that responds to the age-old issue of ineffective pain management in the home healthcare setting. The issue is the absence of standardization in staff education regarding pain assessment and intervention, leading to unfavorable patient outcomes and a reduced quality of life. The purpose of the project is to assess the efficacy of educational interventions delivered by nurses to enhance staff knowledge, confidence, and consistency in the management of pain procedures. The project question is: How effective are nurse-led educational interventions in improving staff knowledge and practices in pain assessment and management, …


Staff Education To Improve Nurses’ De-Escalation Skills In Substance Abuse Treatment Settings, Joy Atufunwa Mar 2026

Staff Education To Improve Nurses’ De-Escalation Skills In Substance Abuse Treatment Settings, Joy Atufunwa

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Nearly 50% of patients in substance abuse treatment settings exhibit aggressive behaviors, placing staff and other patients at risk. In the absence of structured de-escalation training, clinicians frequently rely on physical restraints or pharmacologic interventions, which contribute to staff burnout, injury, and ethical concerns. The project implemented an evidence-based staff education program to improve nurses’ knowledge, confidence, and competence in managing aggression using nonviolent de-escalation strategies. The project question guiding this initiative was: Can education improve nurses’ de-escalation skills in a substance abuse treatment setting? Using an evidence-based practice (EBP) approach and the PICO framework, the project evaluated the impact …


Quality Of Prenatal Care, Provider Preference, And Preeclampsia Among African American Women In Georgia, Lyteasha Bass Mar 2026

Quality Of Prenatal Care, Provider Preference, And Preeclampsia Among African American Women In Georgia, Lyteasha Bass

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

African American women experience disproportionately high rates of preeclampsia in the United States; however, the contributions of prenatal care provider type, health care access, and quality of care to this disparity were insufficiently defined. Guided by the quality health outcomes model, this quantitative case-control study used primary data to examine associations between these factors and the occurrence of preeclampsia among African American women age 18–40 who had given birth within the previous 5 years in Georgia. Descriptive statistics and binary and multinomial logistic regression analyses were conducted. Prenatal care quality was measured using the Quality of Prenatal Care Questionnaire (QPCQ), …


Emotional And Psychological Well-Being In Early Postmenopausal Women: A Phenomenological Study, Marjorie F. Leon Mar 2026

Emotional And Psychological Well-Being In Early Postmenopausal Women: A Phenomenological Study, Marjorie F. Leon

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The purpose of this qualitative phenomenological study was to explore how early postmenopausal women experience and navigate emotional and psychological well-being during the postmenopausal transition. Although menopause has been widely examined as a biological process, women’s lived emotional and psychosocial experiences during the early postmenopausal period remain underexplored in psychological research. Conceptually informed by Engel’s biopsychosocial model, this study examined how biological, psychological, and social factors intersect in shaping resilience, identity, and coping during this transitional life stage. Thirteen women within 5 years of menopause onset participated in semi structured interviews. Data were analyzed using Braun and Clarke’s six-phase reflexive …


New Hampshire Manufacturing Extension Partnership Joins Unh’S Olson Center, Kelsey A. Ahearn Mar 2026

New Hampshire Manufacturing Extension Partnership Joins Unh’S Olson Center, Kelsey A. Ahearn

UNH Today Archive

No abstract provided.


Gut Microbiota Modulation Via Repeated Donor Fecal Transplantation Improves Motor And Gastrointestinal Symptoms In Drug-Naïve Parkinson’S Disease: A Randomized Phase 2 Trial, Rui Zhang, Renyi Feng, Jiuqi Wang, Yongkang Chen, Han Liu, Qingyong Zhu, Haiyan Tian, Chi Qin, Junfang Teng, Beisha Tang, Min Wu, Jinsheng Zeng, Erxi Wu, Xuebing Ding, Xuejing Wang Mar 2026

Gut Microbiota Modulation Via Repeated Donor Fecal Transplantation Improves Motor And Gastrointestinal Symptoms In Drug-Naïve Parkinson’S Disease: A Randomized Phase 2 Trial, Rui Zhang, Renyi Feng, Jiuqi Wang, Yongkang Chen, Han Liu, Qingyong Zhu, Haiyan Tian, Chi Qin, Junfang Teng, Beisha Tang, Min Wu, Jinsheng Zeng, Erxi Wu, Xuebing Ding, Xuejing Wang

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

The gut-brain axis is increasingly recognized as a critical contributor to Parkinson's disease (PD) pathogenesis, yet the therapeutic impact of microbiota modulation remains unclear due to lack of clinical trials in drug-naïve patients. We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2 trial to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of repeated donor fecal microbiota transplantation (dFMT) in de novo PD. FMT was administered for seven days (200 mL on days 1-3; 50 mL on days 4-7) per 4-week cycle. Seventy-two patients were randomized 1:1 to receive dFMT or autologous FMT (aFMT), and 66 completed the trial. At 35 weeks, the …


Draft Final Phase I Pre-Design Investigation Evaluation Report Blacktail Creek Riparian Actions Butte Priority Soils Operable Unit Of The Silver Bow Creek/Butte Area Superfund Site Silver Bow County, Montana, Hydrogeologic, Inc. Mar 2026

Draft Final Phase I Pre-Design Investigation Evaluation Report Blacktail Creek Riparian Actions Butte Priority Soils Operable Unit Of The Silver Bow Creek/Butte Area Superfund Site Silver Bow County, Montana, Hydrogeologic, Inc.

Silver Bow Creek/Butte Area Superfund Site

No abstract provided.


Teacher Retention Across Contexts: Examining Teacher Workforce Stability And Its Impact On Student Outcomes In Traditional Public And Charter Schools In New Jersey, Telia Bennett Mar 2026

Teacher Retention Across Contexts: Examining Teacher Workforce Stability And Its Impact On Student Outcomes In Traditional Public And Charter Schools In New Jersey, Telia Bennett

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

Teacher retention remains a critical factor in understanding disparities in student outcomes across school systems. This study examines the relationship between four-year teacher retention and student outcomes in New Jersey, with particular attention to differences between traditional public schools and charter schools. The study includes approximately 4,003 district-level observations across 670 school systems and includes six years of data (2018–2019 through 2023–2024) from the New Jersey School Performance Reports,

Findings indicate that higher rates of four-year teacher retention are generally associated with improved ELA proficiency and lower rates of chronic absenteeism, although the strength and statistical significance of these relationships …


School-Based Human Service Professionals’ Perceptions Of The Relationships Between Black Families And Southern Schools, Vanessa Faye Barnhill Mar 2026

School-Based Human Service Professionals’ Perceptions Of The Relationships Between Black Families And Southern Schools, Vanessa Faye Barnhill

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The experiences that Black parents had in school have been found to influence how they view and interact with schools and the challenges and barriers related to their child’s education attainment. It is important to understand school-based human service professionals’ perceptions about the relationship that Black families have with Southern schools and suggestions these professionals have about promoting better communication and understanding with Black families. The purpose of this qualitative generic study was to examine school human service professionals’ perceptions about the relationship that Black families have with schools and to gather suggestions about how they could promote communication and …


Relationships Between Resource Utilization And Relapse In Rural Areas, Shane Sneddon Mar 2026

Relationships Between Resource Utilization And Relapse In Rural Areas, Shane Sneddon

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

In the United States, over 100,000 deaths were attributed to drug overdose in 2021. Relapse rates are higher in rural communities than in urban communities due to sociocultural barriers such as employment, limited entrainment activities, and peer pressure during social events. Previous research did not indicate whether the increase or decrease of Daily Living Assessment (DLA-20) scores have a correlation between community resource utilization and relapse. Using systems theory as the research lens, this study examined the correlation between use of community engagement resources and relapse as manifested by scores on the DLA-20. Data were collected from 100 individuals enrolled …


Enhancing Staff Education On Antidepressant Side Effects For Adolescents At Discharge, Mingdi Gao Mar 2026

Enhancing Staff Education On Antidepressant Side Effects For Adolescents At Discharge, Mingdi Gao

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

This Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) evidence-based staff education project aimed to improve the quality and consistency of discharge medication education for adolescents prescribed antidepressants. Adolescents are at increased risk for antidepressant-related adverse effects, including suicidal ideation, particularly during the early stages of treatment. The identified practice problem was the lack of consistent, developmentally appropriate, and culturally sensitive discharge teaching for adolescents and their families. This gap in practice contributes to poor adherence, preventable readmissions, and diminished safety outcomes. The project was guided by the PICO question: For adolescents discharged from inpatient or outpatient behavioral health care, how does a …


Staff Education On The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (Phq-9) To Improve Depression Screening In A Mental Health Clinic, Agatha Onyemaechi Okemkpa Mar 2026

Staff Education On The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (Phq-9) To Improve Depression Screening In A Mental Health Clinic, Agatha Onyemaechi Okemkpa

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

For this doctoral project, I implemented a staff education program on the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) to address depression screening practices in a mental health clinic. The practice problem addressed was limited depression screening due to a lack of education on the PHQ-9. The project aimed to answer the question: “For staff in a mental health clinic, will an educational offering on the Patient Health Questionnaire improve knowledge towards the goal of increasing screening for depression among clients?” To evaluate the outcome, a pre- and post-knowledge-based assessment using a 10-question multiple-choice test was administered to 20 staff members, and the …


Town Hall: Gender Justice In Crimes Against Humanity Convention, Cardozo Law Institute In Holocaust And Human Rights (Clihhr) Mar 2026

Town Hall: Gender Justice In Crimes Against Humanity Convention, Cardozo Law Institute In Holocaust And Human Rights (Clihhr)

2026 Event Invitations

This town hall event will feature feminist experts, activists, and movements in the upcoming effort to ensure the Crimes Against Humanity treaty is gender-sensitive, intersectional, and survivor-centered.

After brief presentations by expert panelists on the process and key considerations for the treaty, the event will include an interactive session where participants can share insights, develop strategies, and mobilize to promote broad, cross-regional feminist participation at local, regional, and international levels. Join us in exploring how we can collaborate to make sure international law serves justice for women.


Authors’ Response To Letter To The Editor From Aphale, P, Et Al., Resident Autonomy In Pathology: Bridging Gaps Between Training And Practice, Bronwyn H. Bryant, Balaram Puligandla, Hailey L. Gosnell, Kristen Johnson, Stephanie Barak, Mary P. Berg, Julie Karp, Amanda Lofgreen, Cindy B. Mccloskey, Barbara E. C. Knollmann-Ritschel, Kristie L. White, W. Stephen Black-Schaffer Mar 2026

Authors’ Response To Letter To The Editor From Aphale, P, Et Al., Resident Autonomy In Pathology: Bridging Gaps Between Training And Practice, Bronwyn H. Bryant, Balaram Puligandla, Hailey L. Gosnell, Kristen Johnson, Stephanie Barak, Mary P. Berg, Julie Karp, Amanda Lofgreen, Cindy B. Mccloskey, Barbara E. C. Knollmann-Ritschel, Kristie L. White, W. Stephen Black-Schaffer

Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology Faculty Papers

No abstract provided.


Adapting Peer Review Of Electronic Search Strategies For Single-Concept Hedges: Introducing Press-H, Jenn Ann Monnin, Lynn Kysh Mar 2026

Adapting Peer Review Of Electronic Search Strategies For Single-Concept Hedges: Introducing Press-H, Jenn Ann Monnin, Lynn Kysh

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

No abstract provided.


Draft Intermediate (60%) Remedial Design Report Blacktail Creek Riparian Actions Butte Priority Soils Operable Unit Of The Silver Bow Creek/Butte Area Superfund Site Silver Bow County, Montana, Hydrogeologic, Inc. Mar 2026

Draft Intermediate (60%) Remedial Design Report Blacktail Creek Riparian Actions Butte Priority Soils Operable Unit Of The Silver Bow Creek/Butte Area Superfund Site Silver Bow County, Montana, Hydrogeologic, Inc.

Silver Bow Creek/Butte Area Superfund Site

No abstract provided.


The Collective Impact Of Physical Activity, Somatic Therapy, And Nature-Based Spirituality (Pastans) On Individuals Recovering From Substance Use Disorders (Suds), Sara R. Maddox Mar 2026

The Collective Impact Of Physical Activity, Somatic Therapy, And Nature-Based Spirituality (Pastans) On Individuals Recovering From Substance Use Disorders (Suds), Sara R. Maddox

University Honors Theses

This correlation research study explores the collective impact of physical activities, somatic therapies, and nature-based spirituality (referred to as PASTANS, a term created by the researcher) on individuals recovering from substance use disorders (SUDs). The study aimed to evaluate how these practices enhanced emotional regulation and fostered community development, thereby supporting sustained recovery and overall well-being. PASTANS interconnected to alleviate cravings and rewire brain reward pathways, promoting cultural connections through activities that resonated with pre-colonial traditions and were accessible to atheists and agnostics.

Participants engaged in movement and somatic practices in natural settings, including yoga and hiking. Somatic therapies are …


A Survey-Based Exploratory Study Of Factors Influencing Women's Intentions To Utilise Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis In The Eastern Cape Province, South Africa: Sociodemographic Characteristics, Hiv Risk Behaviours And Transactional Sex, Rosemary Kalenga, Gary Sharp, Anne M. Teitelman, Monde Makiwane, Larry D. Icard, John B. Jemmott Mar 2026

A Survey-Based Exploratory Study Of Factors Influencing Women's Intentions To Utilise Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis In The Eastern Cape Province, South Africa: Sociodemographic Characteristics, Hiv Risk Behaviours And Transactional Sex, Rosemary Kalenga, Gary Sharp, Anne M. Teitelman, Monde Makiwane, Larry D. Icard, John B. Jemmott

College of Nursing Faculty Papers & Presentations

BACKGROUND: South Africa has the third-highest adult prevalence rate globally, with women comprising 64% of cases. Despite the accessibility of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), its adoption among women, particularly young women, remains alarmingly low.

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this initial investigation is to explore factors influencing the intentions of South African women to use PrEP, focusing on sociodemographic factors, HIV sexual risk behaviours and involvement in transactional sex.

DESIGN: The research utilised an exploratory design employing surveys.

METHODS: Surveys were conducted in 2015 with 64 women aged 19-49 residing in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. The data were analysed …


Cannabis Stigma And Symptom Management Considerations In Cancer Survivors: A Mixed-Methods Exploration Of Patient Perspectives, Sera Levy, Salimah Meghani, Brooke Worster, Colleen Kilanowski, Danielle Smith, Amy A. Case, Rebecca L. Ashare Mar 2026

Cannabis Stigma And Symptom Management Considerations In Cancer Survivors: A Mixed-Methods Exploration Of Patient Perspectives, Sera Levy, Salimah Meghani, Brooke Worster, Colleen Kilanowski, Danielle Smith, Amy A. Case, Rebecca L. Ashare

Department of Medical Oncology Faculty Papers

PURPOSE: This study aims to assess for indications of stigma and attitudes toward cannabis among cancer survivors (CS) who use or consider the use of cannabis.

METHODS: This study employed a convergent, parallel mixed methods design utilizing focus group and questionnaire data to assess the presence of stigma among a sample of CS (n = 23) who use (n = 10) and do not use (n = 13) cannabis to manage symptoms. CS were recruited from a multi-site observational study in the Northeast U.S. region that assesses cannabis use among oncology patients.

RESULTS: A total of 23 CS participated in …


Glycative Stress Disrupts The Mitochondrial-Lysosome Axis And Promotes Geroconversion In Aging Cardiomyocytes, Diana Bou-Teen, Simonas Valiuska, Elisabet Miro-Casas, Chiara Rubeo, Elena Bonzon-Kulichenko, Zuzana Nichtova, Celia Fernandez-Sanz, Javier Inserte, Antonio Rodriguez-Sinovas, Begoña Benito, Eduard Ródenas-Alesina, Jesús Vázquez, Ignacio Ferreira-González, Marisol Ruiz-Meana Mar 2026

Glycative Stress Disrupts The Mitochondrial-Lysosome Axis And Promotes Geroconversion In Aging Cardiomyocytes, Diana Bou-Teen, Simonas Valiuska, Elisabet Miro-Casas, Chiara Rubeo, Elena Bonzon-Kulichenko, Zuzana Nichtova, Celia Fernandez-Sanz, Javier Inserte, Antonio Rodriguez-Sinovas, Begoña Benito, Eduard Ródenas-Alesina, Jesús Vázquez, Ignacio Ferreira-González, Marisol Ruiz-Meana

Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology Faculty Papers

Aging is a major risk factor for heart failure, yet the molecular mechanisms linking cardiac aging to the inflammatory pathophysiology of heart failure remain elusive. Mitochondrial dysfunction and defective organelle quality control are emerging hallmarks of the aging heart, but their biochemical underpinnings are poorly defined. Using comprehensive glycomics, we found that cardiac mitochondria from physiologically aged mice (≥ 20 months) are the major intracellular reservoirs of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), derived primarily from the chemical attack of some α-oxoaldehydes on proteins. This was associated with mild mitochondrial dysfunction and structural remodeling. Lysosomes in aged hearts were enlarged, more …


Structural Insights Into Host-Pathogen Interactions Of Coronaviruses And Alphaviruses, Lucas Adams Mar 2026

Structural Insights Into Host-Pathogen Interactions Of Coronaviruses And Alphaviruses, Lucas Adams

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

The co-evolution of virus and host may partly be understood in terms of “cross-recognition”; that is, as a virus evolves to recognize and infiltrate a suitable cellular environment, the host reciprocally has evolved to recognize and thwart such an invasion. While this interplay is complex, audacious structural biologists may reduce it to discrete physical interactions between the virus and specific host factors, such as cognate receptors (i.e., viral recognition of host) or antibodies (i.e., host recognition of virus). These interactions underlie basic features of viral infection, including cellular tropism and antiviral immunity, as well as critical phenomena of viral evolution, …


Commonality And Co-Occurrence Of Discrete Strategies Within Implementation Strategy Bundles: Findings From The Living Database Of Hiv Implementation Science Systematic Review, 2014-2021, Sita Lujintanon, Ingrid Eshun-Wilson, Noelle Le Tourneau, Laura K Beres, Sheree Schwartz, Stefan Baral, Ryan Thompson, Ashley Underwood, Branson Fox, Elvin H Geng, Christopher G Kemp Mar 2026

Commonality And Co-Occurrence Of Discrete Strategies Within Implementation Strategy Bundles: Findings From The Living Database Of Hiv Implementation Science Systematic Review, 2014-2021, Sita Lujintanon, Ingrid Eshun-Wilson, Noelle Le Tourneau, Laura K Beres, Sheree Schwartz, Stefan Baral, Ryan Thompson, Ashley Underwood, Branson Fox, Elvin H Geng, Christopher G Kemp

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: HIV services and innovations are delivered through implementation strategy bundles that are often complex, comprising numerous discrete strategies. Systematically characterizing the use patterns of discrete strategies may inform strategy prioritization and selection to optimize service delivery. We used the Living Database of HIV Implementation Science (LIVE) to describe the commonality and co-occurrence of discrete strategies within multi-component strategy bundles in published HIV implementation studies from low- and middle-income countries.

METHODS: The LIVE systematic review identified studies from PubMed, Embase, and CINAHL, and included HIV implementation studies that reported ≥ 1 HIV care cascade outcome, were conducted in low- and …


Re: Approval Letter For The Butte Priority Soils Operable Unit - Draft Final 2022 Insufficiently Reclaimed Sites Sampling: Bres No. 96 – Washoe Dump Site Evaluation Summary Report, Molly Roby Mar 2026

Re: Approval Letter For The Butte Priority Soils Operable Unit - Draft Final 2022 Insufficiently Reclaimed Sites Sampling: Bres No. 96 – Washoe Dump Site Evaluation Summary Report, Molly Roby

Silver Bow Creek/Butte Area Superfund Site

No abstract provided.


The Employment Situation Of Veterans: February 2026, Institute For Veterans And Military Families At Syracuse University Mar 2026

The Employment Situation Of Veterans: February 2026, Institute For Veterans And Military Families At Syracuse University

Institute for Veterans and Military Families

The February 2026 IVMF employment report shows veteran unemployment improving despite a slight national increase. Overall veteran unemployment fell from 4.5% to 4.1%, and Post‑9/11 veteran unemployment dropped sharply from 5.9% to 4.8. Younger veterans (18–24) saw the largest gains, while rates for older veterans rose slightly. Male veteran unemployment decreased to 3.9%, and female veteran unemployment fell to 5.2%. Black veteran unemployment declined significantly, while Hispanic veteran unemployment rose. Compared with nonveterans, veterans generally experienced better or comparable outcomes, though differences vary by age, gender, and race.


2026-03-13 Minutes Of The Executive Committee Of The Academic Senate Senate, University Of Dayton. Academic Senate. Executive Committee Mar 2026

2026-03-13 Minutes Of The Executive Committee Of The Academic Senate Senate, University Of Dayton. Academic Senate. Executive Committee

ECAS Minutes

Approved minutes of a meeting of the Executive Committee of the Academic Senate of the University of Dayton.


The George-Anne Inkwell Edition, Georgia Southern University Mar 2026

The George-Anne Inkwell Edition, Georgia Southern University

The Inkwell

No abstract provided.


Unraveling Metabolic Determinants Of Isoniazid Susceptibility In Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, Erin Rilu Wang Mar 2026

Unraveling Metabolic Determinants Of Isoniazid Susceptibility In Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, Erin Rilu Wang

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) causes the disease tuberculosis (TB) and is one of the leading causes of death worldwide by an infectious agent. Furthermore, the emergence and evolution of drug resistance has significantly hindered global health efforts to combat this deadly epidemic. Thus, there is a critical need for development of new antibiotics with unique mechanisms of action and design of novel strategies for optimizing the efficacy of existing therapeutic regimens. It is estimated that 10.7% of new infected and 27.2% of previously treated TB cases are resistant to the frontline antibiotic isoniazid (INH), a central component of TB chemotherapeutic regimens. …


The Efficacy And Safety Of Serratus Anterior Plane Block In Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Xu-Bo Cui, Ming-Zhu Cui, Qiu-Ju Yang, Yang Liu, Meng-Qi Yi, Xiao-Yang Zhang, Yun-Tai Yao Mar 2026

The Efficacy And Safety Of Serratus Anterior Plane Block In Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Xu-Bo Cui, Ming-Zhu Cui, Qiu-Ju Yang, Yang Liu, Meng-Qi Yi, Xiao-Yang Zhang, Yun-Tai Yao

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: Serratus anterior plane block (SAPB) is a widely used fascial block that reduces postoperative pain and perioperative opioid consumption. This meta-analysis assessed the efficacy and safety of SAPB in cardiac surgery patients.

Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang databases on May 10, 2024. Pooled relative risks and mean differences (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for dichotomous and continuous outcomes, respectively. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 statistic, and publication bias was evaluated using Egger test. Subgroup analyses were stratified by study design (randomized controlled trials …