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Effects Of Porosity, Rotation, Thermomagnetic, And Thickness Variation On Functionally Graded Tapered Annular Disks, R. M. Tantawy, A. M. Zenkour Apr 2023

Effects Of Porosity, Rotation, Thermomagnetic, And Thickness Variation On Functionally Graded Tapered Annular Disks, R. M. Tantawy, A. M. Zenkour

Information Sciences Letters

This paper presents a study on porous functionally graded piezoelectric (FGP) annular disks. The paper discussed the magneto-electric-hygrothermal effects on rotating variable thickness porous FG annular disks. Material properties coefficients and magnetic permeability are changed in a power function of radius. The disk is subjected to various loading of a uniform magnetic field, hygrothermal effect, and variation of electric potentials and mechanical pressure on the disk. A semi-analytical technique is used to get the mathematical solution of the rotating annular disk. Numerical outcomes are provided to examine the porosity factor and grading index on the rotating of the disk by …

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Estimation Of The Weibull Distribution Parameters And Reliability Using Kernel And Bayes Approaches, M. Maswadah, M. Seham Apr 2023

Estimation Of The Weibull Distribution Parameters And Reliability Using Kernel And Bayes Approaches, M. Maswadah, M. Seham

Information Sciences Letters

A new estimation technique based on the non-parametric kernel density estimation is introduced as an alternative and reliable technique for estimation in life testing models. This technique estimates the density functions of the parameters and reliability directly from the data without any prior assumptions about the underlying distribution parameters. The efficiency of this technique has been studied comparing to the Bayesian estimation of the parameters and reliability of the Weibull distribution based on the non-informative, informative and the informative conjugate priors, via Monte Carlo simulations, which indicated the robustness of the proposed method than the Bayesian approach. Finally, a numerical …

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Identifying Humans Based On Biometric Iris Recognition Using An Interactive Transfer Learning Framework, Marwan Abu-Zanona Apr 2023

Identifying Humans Based On Biometric Iris Recognition Using An Interactive Transfer Learning Framework, Marwan Abu-Zanona

Information Sciences Letters

Deep learning recently unveiled the most well-known methods for picture recognition. The most common method used for identification is human verification based on biometric samples. The prohibitive cost of creating, training, and using such models for the expansion of computer vision applications is the key barrier in such fields. To solve this issue, transfer learning provides flexible solutions to model the appropriate Convolutional Neural network (CNN) quickly and efficiently. In such a framework a previously trained CNN on a large dataset with a high number of classes is adapted to the at-hand taxonomizing problem. Iris is one of the most …

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Egyptian Women’S Psychological Hardness And Its Relationship To Managing Family Crises, S. M. Zakaria, N. H. Abu Sekina, H. S. M. Abdel-Atti, S. A. Sherif Apr 2023

Egyptian Women’S Psychological Hardness And Its Relationship To Managing Family Crises, S. M. Zakaria, N. H. Abu Sekina, H. S. M. Abdel-Atti, S. A. Sherif

Information Sciences Letters

This research aims to reveal the effectiveness of a counseling program to improve the psychological resilience of Egyptian women in the light of managing family crises. The main sample of the research consisted of (503) “one hundred and fifty-three” housewives who are working and not working within the borders of the two governorates (Kafr El-Sheikh - Menoufia) of Lower Egypt and (Minya-Assuit) of Upper Egypt. The experimental study sample consisted of (30) women who were selected from the lower spring from the basic study sample with a low level of psychological hardness when managing crises. And the experimental method, the …

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Torsional Behavior Of Rc Beams Strengthened By Near Surface Mounted-Steel Wire Rope Under Repeated Loading, Israa Kh. Jasim, Mazin B. Abdulrahman Apr 2023

Torsional Behavior Of Rc Beams Strengthened By Near Surface Mounted-Steel Wire Rope Under Repeated Loading, Israa Kh. Jasim, Mazin B. Abdulrahman

Information Sciences Letters

In this paper, the torsional behavior of strengthened beams, which were subjected to constant and incremental repeated loads is studied. Repeated loads have a negative effect on the strength of beams as they reduce the beams resistance to external loads. External strengthening is usually used to increase the strength of beams for different applied loading. The near-surface mounted technique is a type of strengthening recently used to improve the strength of beams. The experimental program includes testing of twelve beams. All beams have the same dimensions and the same reinforcement. Nine of those beams are strengthened with different configurations of …

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Quality Of Life And Its Relationship To Academic Engagement In Light Of The Variables Of Gender And Academic Achievement Among University Students, A. A. Alanzi Apr 2023

Quality Of Life And Its Relationship To Academic Engagement In Light Of The Variables Of Gender And Academic Achievement Among University Students, A. A. Alanzi

Information Sciences Letters

The study aimed to identify the quality of life and its relationship to academic Engagement in light of the variables of gender and academic achievement among university students. The sample consisted of (310) students from Jouf), The quality-of-life scale and the academic Engagement scale (prepared by the researcher) were used. The results of the study indicated that there was a direct, statistically significant, correlation between quality of life and academic Engagement. The results also indicated that there were statistically significant differences in the quality of life according to the variable of academic achievement, and there were no statistically significant differences …

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Saudi Banks Level Of Compliance With Accounting Standards Of Accounting And Auditing Organization For Islamic Financial Institutions, S. A. Al-Bogami Apr 2023

Saudi Banks Level Of Compliance With Accounting Standards Of Accounting And Auditing Organization For Islamic Financial Institutions, S. A. Al-Bogami

Information Sciences Letters

This paper aims to reveal the level of compliance with the Accounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial Institutions (AAOIFI) standard on General Presentation and Disclosures by Saudi Banks that are more compliant with Islamic banking principles. The researcher conducted a content analysis of four Saudi banks annual reports based on the questionnaire prepared for the AAOIFI standard on General Presentation and Disclosure in the financial statements. Based on the methodology adopted, the overall compliance of Saudi Banks with the AAOIFI standard on General Presentation and Disclosure is high (85%) relative to the findings in other countries. However, the categories …

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The Effect Of Using Augmented Reality Technology On The Cognitive Holding Power And The Attitude Towards It Among Middle School Students In Al-Qurayyat Governorate, Saudi Arabia, M. N. Al-Anazi, M. H. R. Khalaf Apr 2023

The Effect Of Using Augmented Reality Technology On The Cognitive Holding Power And The Attitude Towards It Among Middle School Students In Al-Qurayyat Governorate, Saudi Arabia, M. N. Al-Anazi, M. H. R. Khalaf

Information Sciences Letters

The current study was to use augmented reality technology (ART) in the science course (SC) at the middle school level in Al-Qurayyat Governorate, Saudi Arabia, and to assess how it affected the students attitudes toward AR (ATAR) and cognitive holding power (CHP). The ART is utilized to enhance learning results, particularly when generating challenging, novel, and abstract scientific theories. The CHP measure, and the ATAR measure were developed for this research. 58 school students took part in this study. They have been split into two categories: the experimental group was in group one, and the control group was in group …

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Administrative Bullying And Its Impact On The Female Work Environment In The Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia, Seham M. S. Kaki, Dalal B. Alnusair Apr 2023

Administrative Bullying And Its Impact On The Female Work Environment In The Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia, Seham M. S. Kaki, Dalal B. Alnusair

Information Sciences Letters

The aim of the study is to provide proposed mechanisms for the treatment of administrative bullying in educational institutions in light of modern administrative trends, through the following: 1 Explain and clarify concepts related to administrative bullying and its practices in the administrative environment. 2 Management bullying practices in the working environment of different institutions. 3 Provide proposed mechanisms for the treatment of administrative bullying in the light of modern administrative trends. The researchers used the descriptive survey method, and the researchers designed a questionnaire to answer the second question of the practices of bullied leaders in the work environment, …

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Comparison Of Arima, Ann And Hybrid Arima-Ann Models For Time Series Forecasting, Amjad A. Alsuwaylimi Apr 2023

Comparison Of Arima, Ann And Hybrid Arima-Ann Models For Time Series Forecasting, Amjad A. Alsuwaylimi

Information Sciences Letters

This paper aims to compare between Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model, Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and hybrid models for time series forecasting. The dataset used on this study is based on the monthly gold prices during Nov-1989 to Dec-2019. This dataset was used to train and test the predictive models. The performances were evaluated based on three metrics Mean Square Error (MSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) to determine the more appropriate model and evaluate models’ performance. The most important finding was that applying hybrid models can improve the forecasting accuracy over the …

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The Perceptions Of College Life Among International Music Students At American Universities, H. Alfaraj, A. Alyoser Apr 2023

The Perceptions Of College Life Among International Music Students At American Universities, H. Alfaraj, A. Alyoser

Information Sciences Letters

The purpose of this multiple-case study is to explore and describe the rewards and challenges facing international music students at American Universities. The research included two major questions: (a) what rewards and challenges do international music students face at an American university? And (b) what motivation do they have for graduating from an American university? Data collection included: semi-structured interview, field notes from observation, and focus group interview. The participants were three graduate international music students attending two major music institutions in the Midwestern United States. There were five emergent themes from the data analysis: institution preference, important of music …

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The Role Of Green Intellectual Capital In Strengthening The Elements Of The Knowledge Economy: An Analytical Descriptive Study Of The Opinions Of A Sample Of Managers In The Oil Products Distribution Company /Iraq- Nineveh, Amer S. Abd, Ibrahim. M. Jassim, Hasoon H. Hasoon Apr 2023

The Role Of Green Intellectual Capital In Strengthening The Elements Of The Knowledge Economy: An Analytical Descriptive Study Of The Opinions Of A Sample Of Managers In The Oil Products Distribution Company /Iraq- Nineveh, Amer S. Abd, Ibrahim. M. Jassim, Hasoon H. Hasoon

Information Sciences Letters

The current research sought to identify the role of the dimensions of green intellectual capital in strengthening the elements of the knowledge economy, by determining the level of the relationship and the impact between them and applying it on the Oil Products Distribution Company in Nineveh, the sample of study was selected intentionally. It consists of (100) managers, as it relies on collecting data and information on the main research tool (questionnaire form), a number of statistical tools have been adopted, namely (correlation coefficient, linear regression). Where many conclusions were presented, the most important of which is indicating a case …

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Sight Words In The Field Of Teaching Saudi Students With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Suliman S. Alothaim Apr 2023

Sight Words In The Field Of Teaching Saudi Students With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Suliman S. Alothaim

Information Sciences Letters

Like all students with special needs, those with ASD are unique. To help them develop their skills and capacities, they need specialized programs and interventions. The main purpose of this study was to understand teachers’ knowledge about sight words intervention. In addition to that, the study was intended to discover teachers’ perspectives on the use of sight words to enhance reading skills of Saudi students with ASD. 89 male and female teachers of students with ASD participated in this study. The result showed that teachers have a high level of knowledge about sight word strategy in teaching reading to their …

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A Conceptual Approach In Designing Interactive Multimedia Application For Children With Asd, M. N. Ayasrah, M. A. Beirat, A. A. Al Khateeb, Sh. M. Yahya Apr 2023

A Conceptual Approach In Designing Interactive Multimedia Application For Children With Asd, M. N. Ayasrah, M. A. Beirat, A. A. Al Khateeb, Sh. M. Yahya

Information Sciences Letters

The purpose of this article is to create a suitable treatment program for autistic children that is based on the use of many media formats. This research utilizes a review of the relevant literature, an examination of the issue in the field, interviews, and surveys in order to obtain the data that is needed for the study. A concept to slightly practical approach has been taken to develop the app in a way that makes it possible for them to fit the strategies and lesson plans that are used throughout the treatment process for people who have autism. This has …

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Covid-19 Mathematical Study With Environmental Reservoir And Three General Functions For Transmissions, Shaimaa A. Azoz, K. M. Abdelhakim, Fatma Hussien Apr 2023

Covid-19 Mathematical Study With Environmental Reservoir And Three General Functions For Transmissions, Shaimaa A. Azoz, K. M. Abdelhakim, Fatma Hussien

Information Sciences Letters

In this paper, the ongoing new coronavirus (COVID-19) epidemic is being investigated using a mathematical model. The model depicts the dynamics of infection with several transmission pathways and general infection functions, plus it highlights the significance of the environment as a reservoir for the disease’s propagation and dissemination. We have studied the qualitative behavior of the proposed model representing a system of fractional differential equations. Under a set of conditions on the general functions and the parameters, we have proven the global asymptotic stability of all steady states by using the Lyapunov method and LaSalle’s invariance principle. We also carried …

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Impact Of Proactive Personality On Innovative Work Behavior: An Empirical Study On Gulf Petrochemical Industries Company In Kingdom Of Bahrain, H. M. Abouziad, K. M. Omar Apr 2023

Impact Of Proactive Personality On Innovative Work Behavior: An Empirical Study On Gulf Petrochemical Industries Company In Kingdom Of Bahrain, H. M. Abouziad, K. M. Omar

Information Sciences Letters

This study aimed to investigate the impact of proactive personality on the innovative work behavior of employees at Gulf Petrochemical Industries Company in the Kingdom of Bahrain. The study applied the descriptive- analytical approach using a survey questionnaire as a main tool for data collection and to answer the research questions as well as to test its hypotheses, where 220 survey were distributed to the employees of this company, and 205 questionnaires were retrieved constituting a response rate of 93.18%. The results of the study showed a positive and statistically significant impact of proactive personality on the four dimensions of …

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Extensions Of Weak Ps-Rings, Sabah A. Nasef, Refaat M. Salem, Sarah K. El-Din Apr 2023

Extensions Of Weak Ps-Rings, Sabah A. Nasef, Refaat M. Salem, Sarah K. El-Din

Information Sciences Letters

In this paper, we prove that, under mild conditions, if R is a right weak PS-ring, then so does the skew inverse power series ring R[[x−1;α,δ]], the skew generalized power series ring R[[S,ω]], and the differential inverse power series ring R[[x−1;δ]].

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The Effectiveness Of A Program Based On Augmented Reality In Developing Some Scientific Concepts And Science Skills For A Kindergarten Child, Ahlam Hendawy, Emad Hendawy Apr 2023

The Effectiveness Of A Program Based On Augmented Reality In Developing Some Scientific Concepts And Science Skills For A Kindergarten Child, Ahlam Hendawy, Emad Hendawy

Information Sciences Letters

The purpose of the study was to determine the effectiveness of the program based on augmented reality technology in developing some scientific concepts (The Vertebrates), and basic science skills observation - classification - thinking - conclusion - prediction - communication" for kindergarten children, and to verify the relationship between the development of basic science skills, and the development of scientific concepts in the kindergarten child. The researchers chose Al-Faisaliah School Kindergarten - 6th of October City to carry out the program to (64) children; they were separated into two groups: an experimental group of (32) children and a control group …

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Using The Canonical Correlation Analysis Method To Study Students’ Levels In Face-To-Face And Online Education In Jordan, I. Akour, A. Al Rahamneh, B. Al Kurdi, A. Alhamad Apr 2023

Using The Canonical Correlation Analysis Method To Study Students’ Levels In Face-To-Face And Online Education In Jordan, I. Akour, A. Al Rahamneh, B. Al Kurdi, A. Alhamad

Information Sciences Letters

The study aims to identify the existing correlations between the two sets of variables by finding the linear combinations of the two sets of variables with the highest correlation and test the strength of the relationship between the levels of students face-to-face education and online business students at Al-Balqa Applied University by using the canonical correlation test, The study was applied to a sample of students from Al-Balqa Applied University, specifically the faculty of Business, and for the purposes of analysis and extraction of results, (SPSS ver.26), and (Stata graphics ver.11) programs were used. The study reached the following results …

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Accounting Choices During Covid 19 Pandemic: Does Corporate Strategy And Corporate Social Responsibility Matter?, N. T. Hassan Apr 2023

Accounting Choices During Covid 19 Pandemic: Does Corporate Strategy And Corporate Social Responsibility Matter?, N. T. Hassan

Information Sciences Letters

This study aims to understand the accounting effects of the Corona pandemic in more depth and clarity, where the study explores the accounting choices during the pandemic period and the impact of the firms strategic orientation and its social responsibility performance on those choices. Using data from non-financial Saudi companies, the accounting choices divided into aggressive accounting strategy and conservative accounting strategy, and regression models used to examine the study hypotheses. The results of the study provide a clearer and in-depth vision about the nature of accounting practices during the pandemic and indicated that business strategy affects accounting choices, while …

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The Digital Learning Of Disabled Students: Perceptions Of Teachers In Public Schools, A. Shater, A. J. Almahdawi, M. A. S. Khasawneh Apr 2023

The Digital Learning Of Disabled Students: Perceptions Of Teachers In Public Schools, A. Shater, A. J. Almahdawi, M. A. S. Khasawneh

Information Sciences Letters

The purpose of this study was to determine the perceptions of public-school teachers about digital learning for disabled students. The study employed a descriptive-analytical approach, using a questionnaire tailored to accomplish the studys objectives, which was developed by the researchers. A total of 124 male (55) and female (69) public-school teachers in Irbids public schools were included in the study. The outcomes of the survey revealed that public school teachers had a positive attitude toward digital learning. They also discovered statistically significant variations in the samples answers due to the variables of gender (in favor of females) and age (in …

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A Proposal For Developing The Role Of Educational Platforms To Face Cyberbullying In The Light Of Global Expertise, H. M. Alhothali Apr 2023

A Proposal For Developing The Role Of Educational Platforms To Face Cyberbullying In The Light Of Global Expertise, H. M. Alhothali

Information Sciences Letters

The paper aims to determine the reality of cyberbullying on the Madrasti (my school) platform from the point of view of students and teachers. It identifies the requirements and challenges of developing the platform to face cyberbullying. It makes a proposal for developing the platform’s role to face cyberbullying. It covered a randomly selected sample of (126) female students and (420) female teachers. The result indicated that (25.4%) of the sample were bullied, and (42.9%) of them believed that verbal bullying is the most common among students on the Madrasti platform. Moreover, (54.8%) of them were aware of what to …

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Adoption Of Business Model Canvas In Exploring Digital Business Transformation, M. O. Sabri, K. Al-Qawasmi, M. Odeh, M. E. Aydin Apr 2023

Adoption Of Business Model Canvas In Exploring Digital Business Transformation, M. O. Sabri, K. Al-Qawasmi, M. Odeh, M. E. Aydin

Information Sciences Letters

Digital Business Transformation (DBT) values and contributions are still unrecognized by many organizations. Managers face problems in initiating their digital transformation due to the challenges and complexities in the realization of these processes. Business Model Canvas (BMC) – known as a semantically enriched tool for business model analysis and design – is a rather novel approach proposed to solve this problem. It is used to highlight organizations’ capabilities and verify the role of IT systems in organizations. Further empirical investigations are required to identify BMCs role in DBT and specify the main changes caused by IT systems. For this purpose, …

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Readability Of Annual Financial Reports, Information Efficiency, And Stock Liquidity: Practical Guides From The Saudi Business Environment, M. M. Aldoseri, M. M. A. Melegy Apr 2023

Readability Of Annual Financial Reports, Information Efficiency, And Stock Liquidity: Practical Guides From The Saudi Business Environment, M. M. Aldoseri, M. M. A. Melegy

Information Sciences Letters

This research investigates the impact of the annual financial reports readability on the efficiency of information and the level of stock liquidity. To achieve these objectives, the study used content analysis to examine the annual financial reports of a sample of (109) non-financial joint stock companies that are listed in the Saudi Stock Exchange from (2017 to 2021), with a total of 545 views, the study also used the linear decline model to test the studys hypotheses. The study found a correlation between the readability of the annual financial report and the efficiency of information and stock liquidity and based …

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Analysis Of Two Generalized Exponential Populations Under Joint Type-I Progressive Hybrid Censoring Scheme, Samia A. Salem, Osama E. Abo-Kasem, Asmaa H. Abdel-Wahed Apr 2023

Analysis Of Two Generalized Exponential Populations Under Joint Type-I Progressive Hybrid Censoring Scheme, Samia A. Salem, Osama E. Abo-Kasem, Asmaa H. Abdel-Wahed

Information Sciences Letters

This paper discussed inference for two generalized exponential using the joint type-I progressively hybrid censoring (JPHC-I) scheme. It assumed that the lifetime distribution of the items from the two populations follow generalized exponential distribution. Based on the JPHC-I scheme, we first consider the maximum likelihood estimators of the unknown parameters along with thier asymptotic confidence intervals. Next, we provide the Bayesian inferences of the unknown parameters under the assumptions of independent gamma priors on the scale parameters using squared error (SE) and linear-exponential (LINEX) loss functions. Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) techniques is applied to carry out the Bayesian estimation …

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Guidance For Autistic Children In Increasing Confidence In Socializing, B. M. Salah, Sh. Sakher, S. R. Darawsheh, E. A. Quraann Apr 2023

Guidance For Autistic Children In Increasing Confidence In Socializing, B. M. Salah, Sh. Sakher, S. R. Darawsheh, E. A. Quraann

Information Sciences Letters

The fostering of autistic childrens self-confidence for the sake of their growth is an act of humanity that deserves recognition. This is done in order to comprehend and enhance their cognitive and psychological growth as a kind of systematic help in everyday life to build confidence in socializing at school and in the community. This studys issue is the counselors efforts in offering assistance to autistic youngsters. This research tries to describe the efforts of counselors to increase self-confidence via counseling. This investigation falls under the heading of qualitative field research. The total number of participants in this research was …

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Using Task-Based Activities To Improve The Writing Skills Of Students With Learning Disabilities, Z. D. M. Zaghlool, S. A. Al- Ajeely, O. A. Abu Sneineh, M. A. Alkhawaldeh Apr 2023

Using Task-Based Activities To Improve The Writing Skills Of Students With Learning Disabilities, Z. D. M. Zaghlool, S. A. Al- Ajeely, O. A. Abu Sneineh, M. A. Alkhawaldeh

Information Sciences Letters

This study investigated the effectiveness of online task-based activities on developing the writing skills of students with learning disabilities. This study employed the experimental design by developing a list of task-based activities and a pre-test and a post-test to measure students’ level in writing before and after applying the strategy. The study included 65 students with LDs in the English language in Irbid city, Jordan. Two groups were formed from the sample; one was taught using task-based activities and the other was taught by the traditional method. The results showed an improvement in the performance of the experimental group in …

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The Effect Of Using Social Networks On Students Academic Performance In Saudi Universities, R. M. A Aloqlah Apr 2023

The Effect Of Using Social Networks On Students Academic Performance In Saudi Universities, R. M. A Aloqlah

Information Sciences Letters

The purpose of this study was to ascertain, from the perspective of faculty members, the effect of utilizing SNSs on university students AP. The whole faculty of Imam Abdul Rahman Bin Faisal University made up the study population. Due to its applicability to the studys objectives, the researcher used the descriptive-analytic technique in this investigation. 287 randomly selected faculty members made up the studys sample. The study found that the usage of these sites in support of the educational process, and SNSs had a substantially favorable influence on the AP of university students. Additionally, social networking websites have a somewhat …

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The Role Of Social Software In Shaping The Cultural Identity Of Saudi Citizens From Their Point Of View: Al-Jouf Region As A Model, M. N. Al-Anazi, Z. M. Abdel-Azim Apr 2023

The Role Of Social Software In Shaping The Cultural Identity Of Saudi Citizens From Their Point Of View: Al-Jouf Region As A Model, M. N. Al-Anazi, Z. M. Abdel-Azim

Information Sciences Letters

The current research aimed to determine the impact of the social software in shaping the cultural identity of Saudi citizens at Al-Jouf region. The information explosion and technological development have led to an increase in the use of social software in Saudi society, which directs it to the importance of conducting research that works to reveal the reasons for this growing use and its impact in shaping the cultural identity of the community. Therefore, the researchers formulated the questionnaire to determine the role of social software in shaping the cultural identity, so that the questionnaire has been applied to a …

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An Analytical Study Of The Social Studies Course In The Secondary Stage (Courses System) The Joint Program In The Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia In Promoting Awareness Of The National Identity Included In The Vision Of The Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia 2030, T. M. H. Asharari Apr 2023

An Analytical Study Of The Social Studies Course In The Secondary Stage (Courses System) The Joint Program In The Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia In Promoting Awareness Of The National Identity Included In The Vision Of The Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia 2030, T. M. H. Asharari

Information Sciences Letters

The aim of this research is to analyze the social studies course in the secondary stage, the joint program in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to promote awareness of the concept of the Saudi national identity included in the vision of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 2030. The research sample was the social studies course for the secondary stage (the joint program) in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the latest version 1443/2021. The research used the descriptive analytical integrative approach, through the integrative holistic view of the social studies course, and analyzed its content in an integrative analysis that reveals …

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