Digital Commons Network^™

Empowering Women : Indonesian Muslim Girl Fans, Thailand’S Y-Series, And Gender Equality, Ranny Rastati, Md Azalanshah Md Syed

Manusya, Journal of Humanities

This article explores how Indonesian Muslim girl fans experience sexual empowerment through watching Thai dramas portraying homoerotic romances, known as Thai Y-series and Thai Boy’s Love. Despite concerns from local Islamic authorities about moral issues and cultural differences, Y-series have gained popularity among Indonesian Muslim girls. This study raises concerns about the diminishing portrayal of women’s gender roles, given that Muslim girls form the majority of the Y-series fanbase in Indonesia. The patriarchal influence in Y-series appears to be gradually replacing traditional women’s roles with male characters, relegating women to supporting roles. This study argues that the repositioning of gender …

Work And Human Vocation In Catholic Social Teaching, Stefan M. Mcdaniel

Saint Louis University Law Journal

This essay explores Catholic social teaching on work, focusing on how labor should enable humans to fulfill their vocation through experiences of dominion and communion. Drawing from papal encyclicals and theological anthropology, it examines how work becomes a means for humans to exercise their God-like faculties by intelligently shaping creation (dominion) and building rich relationships (communion). The essay argues that Catholic teaching offers distinctive contributions to contemporary workplace justice movements through its emphasis on two priorities: promoting worker-ownership and supporting family life. Worker-ownership, especially through cooperatives, enables labor to become an exercise of dominion, while family-centered policies make work a …

What Rerum Novarum Did And Did Not Do For The American Labor Movement, 1891-1935, Janine Giordano Drake

Saint Louis University Law Journal

The papal encyclical Rerum Novarum (1891), a statement which defended workers’ human rights, has been celebrated by both leftwing and rightwing Christians as a central document in the history of the Church. To trade union leaders of the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries, it was a powerful tool for reminding workers that the Holy Father supported fair wages and healthy working conditions for all God’s people. Just the same, for business leaders of the several Red Scares (especially 1917-1920 and 1945-1955), it became a powerful tool in discrediting socialist demands as both “materialistic” and “atheistic.” This piece illustrates that while …

Cultivating Thoughtful Dialogue, Shared Humanity, And Emotional Intelligence In Client Counseling Courses, Jacki J. Langum

Saint Louis University Law Journal

Historically, client counseling courses in law schools across the country omitted concepts fundamental to a successful attorney-client relationship–thoughtful dialogue, shared humanity, and emotional intelligence. Psychology and the practice of law, including the omitted concepts, are now being integrated into more courses each semester. The essay demonstrates how I integrate them into my own course and work alongside students to help them practice those concepts and the most important skill of active listening. The students’ practice requires thoughtful work around self-awareness, bias, power, and money–topics often neglected because of the discomfort involved in their contemplation and reflection. The earlier students are …

Teaching Client Counseling In The Shadow Of Homelessness, Gregory M. Zlotnick

Saint Louis University Law Journal

Working with clients at risk of, or experiencing, homelessness teaches personal and professional humility like few other experiences in law school or the practice of law. Yet such sensitive work also provides an opportunity for law students to develop both a keener understanding of their own professional identity—with its capacities and limitations—and critical counseling skills.

This essay draws upon experiences gained in three distinct law school projects that work with clients at risk of, or experiencing, homelessness. After providing a brief overview of each project, the essay will explore methods used for training and supervising students during their counseling sessions, …

Bail-Ing Out Of Cash Bail: Navigating The Pretrial Fairness Act And Illinois’ Cashless Frontier, Sara Worrell

Saint Louis University Law Journal

Cash bail, once a tool intended to ensure appearances in court, has evolved into a system that disproportionately incarcerates marginalized and economically disadvantaged communities. This national reckoning with the failures of the cash bail system necessiates a critical reevaluation of pretrial justice in the United States. Calls for bail reform have been ringing across the nation and Illinois has answered.

This note critically examines the Pretrial Fairness Act (PFA), a landmark reform in the Illinois SAFE-T Act which abolishes cash bail and restores the presumption of innocence to pretrial detention decisions in Illinois. In response to the systemic inequities of …

Table Of Contents

Saint Louis University Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Masthead

Saint Louis University Law Journal

No abstract provided.

The Wages Of Constitutional Interpretation, Francesca Procaccini

Saint Louis University Law Journal

The future of constitutional interpretation is a dynamic amalgam of knowns and unknowns. This article explores three. First, an unknown known: the Court’s embrace of formal equality methodologies, more than originalist methodologies, is driving current conservative changes in constitutional law and ushering in a stale and acontextual bent to constitutional rights. Second, another unknown known: both the Court’s equality and originalist methodologies serve to jettison the longstanding and widespread use of intermediate scrutiny and thereby push the level of protection for rights to the extremes. Finally, a known unknown: the Court’s embrace of hyper-formal equality and originalist rules transfers hegemonic …

Originalism And The Chronological Separation Of Powers, Daniel Kiel

Saint Louis University Law Journal

Inspired by the 2024 Childress Lecture, this essay considers originalism in two distinct guises: first, as a method of constitutional interpretation and then, as a politically-coded signal used to ensure predictability of judicial behavior. Regarding interpretation, the essay critiques originalism and its claim as a determinative source of constitutional understanding as a violation of the oft-overlooked chronological separation of powers embedded in the Constitution. Though originalism is often styled as a way of checking the power of judges, it threatens to impose a tyranny of the past that runs counter to a constitutional structure built upon the diffusion of power. …

“They Told Us We Were Safe”: An Analysis Of The Constitutionality Of Missouri’S Ban On Gender-Affirming Healthcare For Medicaid Recipients, Tory Davidson

Saint Louis University Law Journal

The current state of gender-affirming care in the United States hangs in a precarious balance. Though the medical community seems to agree that such care is critical in at least some cases, citizens’ perceptions of that necessity are far from unified. As of this publication, at least one case involving a state-sponsored ban on gender-affirming care for minors, United States v. Skrmetti, is pending before the United States Supreme Court. The arguments in that case have centered on whether denying hormonal treatments inconsistent with a child’s assigned sex, when the same treatments may be prescribed when consistent with a …

Beyond Hysteria: Prosecuting Women For Abortion Is More Likely Now Than Before Roe, Alison Mccarthy

Saint Louis University Law Journal

When Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health first overturned long-standing precedent protecting a woman's fundamental right to abortion, pro-choice leaders issued warnings about the possibility of prosecuting women for abortions. These concerns were dismissed as hysterical or as political theatrics because, in the past, women were rarely prosecuted for their own abortions. This note analyzes the history of illegal abortion before the Supreme Court’s ruling in Roe v. Wade to demonstrate that women were targeted, used as leverage against abortion providers, and sometimes arrested for their roles in the procedure. Further, this note argues that nationwide panic over gender roles, increasing …

Masthead

Saint Louis University Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Prosecuting Transnational Disinformation, Abdul Mahir Hazim

Saint Louis University Law Journal

Disinformation, along with related terms such as fake news and misinformation, has dominated U.S. media and public discourse over the past decade. It has emerged as a persistent and growing global threat to democratic societies, particularly the United States. Since the 2016 elections, authoritarian regimes and U.S. adversaries, including China, Russia, and Iran, have increasingly leveraged disinformation as a strategic tool to damage public trust in institutions, undermine political processes such as elections, and weaken public confidence in the healthcare system. These efforts are also designed to sow division and erode democratic governance. The breakthroughs in generative artificial intelligence further …

Profess, Apply, Pickle, And Trash: Four Legal Educators' Approaches To The Law, David Ray Papke

Saint Louis University Law Journal

Outsiders might assume that law professors at a given school teach their students all of the laws. But alas, an undertaking of that sort would be impossible. The laws are simply too numerous and variable to be presented in full. What law professors can and do convey, meanwhile, are approaches to the selected laws they might be teaching. After graduation from law school, many lawyers will hold onto and use their professors’ approaches for the rest of their professional lives.

A Comparative Analysis Of Third-Party Litigation Funding In The United States And The United Kingdom, Gary Myers

Saint Louis University Law Journal

Third-Party Litigation Funding (“TPLF”), which is also known as litigation finance, involves a financial arrangement in which a third party provides funding to support the plaintiff’s pursuit of a civil lawsuit. The third party, in return, receives a portion of the proceeds if the litigation is successful. Like a contingent-fee agreement, this type of funding model enables a party to bring a lawsuit even if that party does not have the resources to pay the up-front costs of the litigation. The important difference is that the litigation funder is not counsel to a party in the case, and that TPLF …

The Past May Be Uncomfortable: Frick V. Stevens, The Protection Of Scholarly Inquiry, Knowledge, And A Free Society As A Retrospective And Salient Study For Our Time, Joshua E. Kastenberg

Saint Louis University Law Journal

The past may be “uncomfortable,” the Washington Post pointed out on July 1, 1966, before adding a far more serious observation: “[t]he suppression of history—which is to say the judgment of historians—is an incongruity of a free society.” A year earlier, Helen C. Frick sued Professor Sylvester K. Stevens in Pennsylvania’s Cumberland County Court of Common Pleas to prevent the publication of his recent history book, Pennsylvania: Birthplace of a Nation. She claimed that the book libeled her deceased father and caused her a loss of standing in the public’s estimation and emotional distress. Judge Clinton R. Weidner indicated …

Bitcoin As Federal Tax Payment: Historical Comparison And Modern Challenges, Haozheng Jiang

Saint Louis University Law Journal

On June 25, 2024, H.R. 8822 was introduced in the House, directing the Department of the Treasury to develop and implement a method for allowing the payment of certain federal taxes using bitcoin. Bitcoin, launched in 2009, is a cryptocurrency widely regarded as the first digital asset. It serves both as an investment vehicle and a medium of exchange for transactions. As cryptocurrencies have evolved from niche digital assets to globally traded commodities, their potential to integrate into formal financial systems, including for tax payments, has grown.

Sns 2025 Bill, State Of New York

Conference/Symposium CLE materials

134

2025-2026 Regular Sessions

N SENATE

The Techcons, Chris Jay Hoofnagle

Loyola Consumer Law Review

Selling sometimes involves trickery. How should we decide what trickery is "swindling" versus ordinary "selling"? One method is elucidated in Yale Law Professor Arthur Leff's curious, lost-to-history book. In "Swindling and Selling: The Story of Legal and Illegal Congames", Leff showed how market structure is a powerful factor for distinguishing illegal confidence games ("congames") what he called "swindling" from legal "selling." Leff demonstrated how con artists weave narratives to convince marks they have a monopoly over some desirable asset. Con artists then manipulate marks to mistakenly believe they possess a monopsony over its capture.

This essay revisits Leff's mostly forgotten …

Vacillation Or Instability? The Fcc's Authority After Loper Bright, Eliot Merriner

Loyola Consumer Law Review

No abstract provided.

Table Of Contents, Loyola Consumer Law Review

Loyola Consumer Law Review

No abstract provided.

Big Tech And Consumer Payments: The Good, The Bad, And The Unintended Consequences, Mark E. Budnitz

Loyola Consumer Law Review

No abstract provided.

The Generation Of Maladies: The U.S. Tech Giants, David Vladeck

Loyola Consumer Law Review

No abstract provided.

Strengthening The Right To Accessible Web Sites For Consumers With Disabilities Through The Development Of A Clear Test For The Nexus Rule Under Title Iii Of The Americans With Disabilities Act, Jonathan Lazar

Loyola Consumer Law Review

Currently, most of the U.S. Federal disability rights laws expressly require accessible websites for people with disabilities, either in the statute or the regulation. There is one major exception: for websites of public accommodations under Title III of the Americans with Disabilities Act, the scope of accessibility coverage is determined by a combination of case law and agency interpretations, rather than expressly in the statute or regulations. To make it more complex, there is a three-way circuit split as to whether websites of public accommodations covered under Title III are required to have accessible websites. The predominant view in the …

The Perils Of Partisanship In Judicial Ethics: Analyzing Legislative Changes To The Membership Of The North Carolina Judicial Standards Commission, Kathryn Turk

North Carolina Law Review

No abstract provided.

Information Monopoly: Analyzing The Implications Of Media Consolidation For Chilean Democracy, Kalina Kulig

Araneum: Richmond Journal of American & Global Affairs

This paper examines the characteristics of the Chilean media landscape between 1990 and 2023, focusing on implications for democracy. Beginning with a literature review, I will discuss previous research regarding government threats and economic pressure on Chilean media. I will then argue that although the country has a history of strong investigative reporting, the Chilean press landscape risks undermining democracy due to concentrated ownership and a lack of public trust. I conclude by discussing several factors that could improve the quality of Chilean media.

Introduction, Kyle Giardine

Araneum: Richmond Journal of American & Global Affairs

It is with great excitement and anticipation that I introduce to you the Spring 2025 edition of Araneum: Richmond Journal of American & Global Affairs. Our final issue in the second volume, the following research pieces cover international and domestic political issues that will continue to advance academic discourse and, importantly, preview a new generation of social scientists.

Assessing Accessibility: An Investigation Into Variations In Ada Compliance Across The Us, Stephanie A. Bird

Araneum: Richmond Journal of American & Global Affairs

Departing from prior research focused on employment and legal interpretations of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), this research examines the impact of demographic, economic, disability prevalence, and political factors on state-level variations in physical accessibility (PA) and mental healthcare accessibility (MHA) across the United States. PA is operationalized using the National Center for Access to Justice's Disability Access Index, which evaluates state adoption of 29 essential policies. MHA is measured by the ratio of residents to mental healthcare providers from the 2020 County Health Rankings. Using multivariate regression analysis on data from sources such as the US Census Bureau …

Environmental Pollutants: A Risk For Premature Aging And Transgenerational Toxicity, Alex Kathleen Daniels

Masters Theses

"This thesis aims to identify interactions between C. elegans’ reproductive system and global pollutants such as microplastics, HgCl₂, nicotine, and pesticides. Human exposure to these pollutants and their effect on reproduction can be analyzed using the C. elegans as a model organism. Systematic analysis of matricidal hatching, progeny production, germline apoptosis, and lifespan assays determined effects on reproduction and reproductive aging. Through my experiments, it was determined that no significant effects were produced from the selected polystyrene, polyethylene, vape juice, nicotine hemi sulfate salt, imidacloprid, or glyphosate regarding matricidal hatching or progeny production. I confirmed that HgCl₂ induced significant effects …