Digital Commons Network^™

The Principle Of Compensatory Inequality In International Development Law, Guy Feuer

Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)

This article analyzes the principle of compensatory inequality in international development law. The principle holds that legal and economic relations between developed and developing countries should not be based solely on formal equality, but should recognize structural inequalities and grant more favorable treatment to developing countries. The article traces the emergence of the principle, its gradual recognition in positive law, and its role in the pursuit of substantive equality in international economic relations.

The Moroccan Value-Added Tax: Between Fiscal Neutrality And Economic Distortions. A Study Of Production Structures, Mostafa Ghomari

Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)

This article examines the Moroccan value-added tax from the perspective of fiscal neutrality and its possible economic distortions. It discusses the nature and technique of VAT, the distinction between different VAT models, and the implications of the tax for production structures. The article assesses whether VAT can operate as an appropriate fiscal instrument in a developing economy such as Morocco, particularly in a context marked by structural dualism and development needs.

Report On The 16th Session Of The International Institute Of Human Rights In Strasbourg, 1-26 July 1985, El Hiba Mahjoub

Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)

This report presents the 16th session of the International Institute of Human Rights held in Strasbourg from 1 to 26 July 1985. It introduces the Institute, its academic mission, and the main themes addressed during the training session. The report also describes the relevance of the session for researchers, students, and practitioners interested in international human rights law and the protection of fundamental rights.

The Evolution Of Public Expenditure In The Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia And Its Forecasts Up To 1406 Ah: An Analytical Economic Study, Abdelmoula Shribji

Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)

This analytical economic study examines the evolution of public expenditure in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and provides forecasts up to 1406 AH. It analyzes the structure of state revenues and expenditure, with particular attention to the role of oil revenues, development plans, and public investment priorities. The study links fiscal policy to broader objectives of economic diversification, infrastructure development, and social welfare.

A Scientific Symposium In Tripoli On Arab Regimes And Democracy: Between Imagination And Reality, Khalid Naciri

Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)

This report presents the proceedings of a scientific symposium held in Tripoli on the theme of Arab regimes and democracy. It summarizes the intellectual and political debates that brought together participants from different Arab countries and ideological backgrounds. The report highlights the questions raised about democracy, political participation, and the gap between aspirations and realities in Arab political systems.

The Recent Moroccan Parliamentary Experience During The Term Of The House Of Representatives From 14 October 1977 To 13 October 1983, Abderrahman El Kadiri

Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)

This article studies Morocco's parliamentary experience during the legislative term of the House of Representatives extending from 14 October 1977 to 13 October 1983. It examines the functioning of the parliamentary institution, its legislative activity, its relationship with the executive power, and its oversight practices. The article also reflects on the political and constitutional conditions that shaped the performance and limits of this parliamentary experience.

Public Finance In Morocco And Its Impact On Economic And Social Development, Mustapha El Khtiri, Hassan Sabbar

Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)

This article examines the problem of public finance in Morocco in relation to economic and social development. It reviews the main historical stages that shaped the country's fiscal and budgetary structures and analyzes the role of financial policy in development choices. The study considers public revenue, taxation, public expenditure, and budgetary balances as instruments through which the state seeks to support growth, social transformation, and national development.

Mapping Out Halal Certification In Indonesia And Malaysia: Challenges, Opportunities, And Comparative Advantage, Achmad Tohe, Kholisin Kholisin, Moch Wahib Dariyadi, Noritah Omar

Nusantara Halal Journal

This study sought to map out the institutions and processes of halal certification in Indonesia and Malaysia by investigating the history, procedures, challenges, and opportunities. Data were gathered through interviews with those working in halal certification–related institutions, such as MUI and BPJPH in Indonesia, and JAKIM in Malaysia, in addition to several halal auditors from universities in both countries. A close reading of primary documents issued by halal certification institutions and secondary documents, academic articles, and online resources was conducted to better understand the issues at hand. The results suggest that while historically halal certification in Indonesia and Malaysia came …

Tilapia Fish Collagen: Potential As Halal Biomaterial In Tissue Engineering Applications, Norhidayu Muhamad Zain, Mohammad Naqib Hamdan

Nusantara Halal Journal

Collagen is a natural bioactive polymer widely utilized in tissue engineering applications due to its biocompatibility and biodegradability. Collagen derived from mammalian sources such as porcine and bovine is commonly used as biomaterials. However, due to religious concerns, the halal status of collagen must be taken into consideration. Since most of the mammalian collagen is hampered by its haram origins, marine collagens are widely investigated as alternatives for mammalian collagen in tissue engineering applications. Even though marine collagens are safe and easy to extract, these sources of collagen are hindered by their low denaturing temperature. Tilapia fish (Oreochromis niloticus) has …

Technology Facilitation Assessment For Malaysia Halal Quality Assurance For Food And Beverages, Consumer Goods, Logistics, And Cosmetics Industry, Zuhra Junaida Mohamad Husny Hamid, Mohd Iskandar Illyas, Farahwahida Mohd Yusof

Nusantara Halal Journal

This study aimed to identify the appropriate characteristics of assistive technology to facilitate the quality control process in halal industry segments, namely, food and beverages, consumer goods, logistics, and cosmetics. For this purpose, four separate research projects were conducted to cover these four different industry segments. This paper combined the findings and provided a compilation of all the results. Questionnaire surveys were distributed during the 13th Malaysian International Halal Showcase (MIHAS 2016) as the pilot study. Main data collection was done in the industry in Johor in the southern part of Malaysia. The seven elements of technology characteristics selected for …

Sharia Compliance As The Potential Factor For Halal Tourism Destination Development, Shofiyun Nahidloh, Lailatul Qadariyah

Nusantara Halal Journal

The substantial potential of Indonesian halal tourism expansion has obtained society's immediate attention. It is reflected in Indonesian Muslim majority society's religious enthusiasm, potentially appealing halal tourism destination resources, and the economic potential to enhance social welfare. Recently, society has put tourism as one of their needs, not as their leisure activity. Many tourist destinations in Indonesia have been declared as halal tourism sites. However, many people perceive halal tourism as a mere trend and brand adopted due to the halal substantial elements, such as hotels and restaurants. Therefore, a sharia principle is critically required to be the fundamental guideline …

Exploring Factors Of Choosing Halal Cosmetics Among Cosmetics Entrepreneurs In Malaysia, Alina Shamsuddin, Farahwahida Mohd Yusof, Nur Syazwina Uzma Sulaiman

Nusantara Halal Journal

Halal cosmetics is expanding well in the manufacturing sector. It has gained the government’s attention to support its development. Generally, the halal industry has been divided into seven sectors, which are food services, consumer goods, financial, pharmaceutical, cosmetics, halal logistics, and tourism. This study attempts to address the influencing factors for choosing halal cosmetics among cosmetics entrepreneurs. The researcher adopts the quantitative method to gather data from the respondents. A random sampling technique was used. The findings indicate that the awareness among young halal cosmetics entrepreneurs is very high, and there are high consumptions of halal cosmetics among consumers that …

Halal Tourism: Between Economic Opportunities And Social Acceptance, Madziatul Churiyah, Heri Pratikto, Filianti Filianti, Muhammad Fikri Akbar

Nusantara Halal Journal

Halal Tourism trends encounter improvement due to the increasing number of Muslim tourists who travel to various countries and spend an exceptional amount of funds every year. Halal Tourism positively affects countries’ economic growth, including Indonesia. GMTI 2019 places Indonesia as the best Halal Tourism destination. Consequently, the Indonesia government is continuously working on this promising economic opportunity by developing Halal Tourism destinations in several areas. However, what has been projected by the Indonesia government to grab this global economic opportunity faces social rejections. This study aims to analyze the economic opportunity of the Halal Tourism trend and the acceptance …

The Relationship Of Halal Food And Ibadah Among Muslim Community In Malaysia, Mohd Al'ikhsan Ghazali, Khairul Zahreen Mohd Arof, Juhazren Juhaidi, Aminudin Hehsan, Muhammad Fathi Yusof, Nasikh Nasikh

Nusantara Halal Journal

Community has put the exclusive requirements for Halal food by planning the rules of manufacturing practice, in particular known as Islamic Manufacturing Practice (IMP). Many Islamic scholars mentioned the importance of Halal food to Muslim behavior, including in the practice of both Fardhu Ain and Fardu Kifayah Ibadah. This paper aims to identify the relationship of Halal food and Ibadah between the Muslim community in Malaysia. Through a questionnaire survey and systematic literature review, this study designed a set of a questionnaire survey that has passed a reliability test through a pilot study on 15 respondents with a Cronbach Alpha …

Holistic Practice Of Fiqh Al-Muamalat: Halal Accountability Of Islamic Microfinance Institutions, Helmi Muhammad

Nusantara Halal Journal

This study aims to discover the practice of fiqh al-muamalat (Islamic law of transaction following Islamic fiqh) as a sharia-compliant, primarily the halal accountability of Islamic microfinance institutions Baitul Maal wa Tamwil (BMT) UGT Sidogiri Indonesia. This research used a descriptive, explanatory design with a holistic single-case design focus and was conducted from 2019 to 2020. For the data collection process, in-depth interviews were conducted with the informants. The data were analyzed using an interactive model consisting of data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results exhibit that Islamic sharia, faith (iman), and good deeds (ihsan) act as the …

Exploring The Issues And Challenges In Malaysian Cosmetic Halal: A Theoretical Framework, Alina Shamsuddin, Farahwahida Mohd Yusof

Nusantara Halal Journal

Halal Industry in Malaysia has been prevalent in the manufacturing sectors and has earned the government's concern in supporting its development. The Halal Industry sector has been considered as one of the leading contributors to Malaysian economy development in the future. This is due to the fact that the market of Halal products is reasonable to Muslims and has received pervasive attention from non-Muslims consumers who consider Halal commercialism. Halal industry has been categorized into seven sectors, which are cuisine, goods, financial, pharmaceutical, cosmetics, logistics, and tourism businesses. However, much attention has been given to issues and challenges to food …

Anticipating Human Resource Development Challenges And Opportunities In ‘Halal Supply Chains’ And ‘Halal Logistics’ Within Asean, Adam Voak, Brian Fairman

Nusantara Halal Journal

The increasing global economic importance of the Association of South-East Asian Nations (ASEAN), is creating new cultural challenges for participating governments. These challenges are clearly impacting on Human Mobility and Human Capability Development within the trading bloc. Development challenges are particularly evident in supply chains, where new knowledge, skills, and attitudes are needed to ensure respect for Halal services and the provenance of Halal products as they are traded across the region. While reflecting on this issue, this paper looks closely at the implicit and explicit challenges and opportunities in building culturally relevant ASEAN ‘Human Capabilities’ along increasingly globalized supply …

Effect Of Strengthening By Steel Jacket On Self-Compacting Reinforced Concrete Slender Columns With Different Slenderness, Aseel S. Alobaidy, Bassman R. Muhammad

Engineering and Technology Journal

Many factors cause the reinforced concrete (RC) columns to deteriorate, so removing or replacing the damaged columns may be costly and impractical due to the compromised structural integrity. This issue is regarded as one of the significant challenges facing structural engineers. Structural strengthening and repair for damaged RC structures have been developed as part of strengthening techniques. The common method of strengthening RC columns involves a steel jacket constructed from four steel angles with battens. This study introduced an effortless and economical alternative strengthening technique. They are strengthened by longitudinal and transverse thin steel plate strips (0.5 mm thickness) set …

Applications Of Geosynthetics In Tunnels Construction: A Sustainable Approach To Carbon Footprint Reduction, Ibraheem Rais, Abdullah H. Alsabhan, Md. Rehan Sadique, Shamshad Alam

Journal of Sustainable Construction Materials and Technologies

The use of geosynthetics has transformed tunnelling practices by enhancing structural integrity, durability, and environmental sustainability. This review adopts a systematic literature review design, covering publications from 2000 to 2025 sourced from Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. The selected studies were screened based on relevance, quality, and focus on tunnelling applications, then thematically analyzed into four domains: geosynthetic types, applications, sustainability, and performance evaluation. This review focuses on the applications of various geosynthetics, including geotextiles, geogrids, geocomposites, geocells, and geomembranes, in tunnelling projects. These materials play crucial roles in reinforcing tunnel walls and slopes, improving load distribution, …

Evaluating Legal Frameworks For The Protection Of Consumers Of Digital Financial Services: Global Trends And Their Significance For Vietnam, Ha Son Nguyen, Lanh Dinh Cao, Nguyen Dinh Phan

International Journal on Consumer Law and Practice

The development of digital financial services (DFS) in the context of global digital transformation poses fundamental challenges for the legal framework for consumer protection, particularly in developing countries such as Vietnam. This article argues that the sectoral approach currently adopted in Vietnam, with rules dispersed across various specialized statutes, has created a structurally significant legal gap, a lack of consistency in protection standards, and limitations on effective coordination among regulatory authorities. It thereby undermines the law’s capacity to protect consumers in the highly cross-sectoral environment of digital finance.

Through an analytical and comparative approach that draws on the experiences of …

Sdilj V. 27-2 Masthead

San Diego International Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Recalibrating The Veto Power In A Multipolar World: From Power To Fairness And Accountability In International Law, Dr. Ardit Memeti, Dr. Fatemah Albader

San Diego International Law Journal

This Article draws upon the principles of nemo iudex in causa sua and par in parem non habet imperium to emphasize the moral and legal contradictions inherent in the current use and structure of the Permanent 5 (P5) veto power in the United Nations Security Council (UNSC, Security Council, or Council). This Article proposes that targeted reform to suspend the veto power in very limited cases where the P5 members are direct parties to a dispute would address these moral and legal contradictions. The Russia-Ukraine conflict exemplifies how the (mis)use of the veto power by a P5 member can paralyze …

Home Is Not Always Where The Heart Is: Examining The Inadequacy Of Legal Measures In The Deportation Of American Intercountry Adoptees, Katie X. Kaessinger, Esq.

San Diego International Law Journal

Despite entering the United States legally as children through intercountry adoption, thousands of American adoptees face deportation as adults because their parents failed to finalize their citizenship. Many of these adoptees have no meaningful linguistic, cultural, or familiar ties to their birth countries, and most have lived in the United States practically their entire lives. This Article explores the legal implications regarding the deportation of intercountry adoptees. More specifically, this Article argues that the deportation of intercountry adoptees reflects a grave systemic failure that violates international human rights law, rather than a mere shortcoming of domestic immigration policy.

Consulting various …

From Party Policy To Law: The Formalization Of The Chinese Communist Party’S Role In State-Owned Enterprise Governance, Jie Zeng

San Diego International Law Journal

For the first time, grassroots branches of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) were formally granted leadership roles and major decision-making authority under Chinese Company Law in 2024. This change has made China the only jurisdiction that has, at the national law level, authorized its main political party to engage directly in corporate governance without being a shareholder. While this may appear to be the result of President Xi Jinping’s party-building campaign, party involvement in corporate governance goes back to the Maoist era. This Article examines the evolution of state-owned enterprise (SOE) governance from 1949 to the present, illustrating that even …

How International Copyright Approaches To Generative Ai May Influence The Development Of U.S. Copyright Laws For Ai, Tessa Chew

San Diego International Law Journal

Since late 2022, Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) has emerged as a vital technological tool in many industries by producing human-like content based on its trained datasets. This advancement has sparked an international debate over the ethical and legal implications of using copyrighted works for Artificial Intelligence (AI) training. Countries have taken differing legislative approaches to this issue. Japan aims to promote innovation with minimal restrictions; the United Kingdom aims to protect copyright holders by implementing strict AI copyright protections; and the European Union focuses on the transparency of the AI’s copyright use. The United States is currently at a regulatory …

Film, Television, And Artificial Intelligence: Ensuring The Role Of Screenwriters In Anticipation Of Generative Artificial Intelligence’S Increasing Capabilities, Rachel Johnson

San Diego International Law Journal

Artificial Intelligence (AI) currently is one of most critical topics discussed across industries. AI technology, such as Generative Artificial Intelligence (GAI), looms over people employed in creative fields who view it as a threat to their livelihoods. Legislative and judicial law must grapple with the complex legal issues GAI poses. In the entertainment realm, employees in professions such as Hollywood’s film industry have found ways to secure their present and near future against AI-encroachment.

In 2023, the Writers Guild of America (WGA), a labor union covering the screenwriters of television and film, coordinated the second longest labor strike in Hollywood’s …

Data Science In The Utah Draft K-12 Standards Of Mathematics, Kate Webster Green

Theses and Dissertations

In today's data-driven world, the field of data science is becoming increasingly important. Research has shown that more job listings in Utah require applicants to have data science skills than ever before. Due to this growing demand, there is a push to begin data science instruction in grades K-12; however, what data science instruction is in grades K-12 is not yet clearly defined. Previous research has identified the skills and processes that make up data science in grades K-12, and several states and research groups have begun developing and implementing data science standards and learning progressions. This study analyzes the …

Design Of Precise Hinges For Optical Space Arrays, Jacob Sutton

Theses and Dissertations

Deployable origami-based arrays offer significant advantages for space optical systems due to their ability to stow compactly and deploy to a large surface area. However, achieving the panel alignment precision required for optical applications remains an open challenge, particularly for non-rigid-foldable patterns such as the flasher, where large relative motion during deployment and geometric constraints at panel interfaces limit the effectiveness of traditional hinge designs. This thesis addresses the precision alignment challenge through the design, prototyping, and experimental testing of novel passive precision hinges for rigid-panel origami-based deployable space arrays. A compact kinematic coupling hinge incorporating Lamina Emergent Torsional (LET) …

How Quickly Do Eastern Floodplains Store Carbon? Quantifying Reference Carbon Flux On The Dead Diamond River, Jacob Schnell

Earth Sciences Undergraduate Senior Theses

Terrestrial Earth systems sequester an estimated 30% of annual anthropogenic CO2 emissions. The largest share is stored in global soils which collectively store more than 3 times the amount of carbon as the atmosphere. Floodplains and river systems, while covering only 5–8% of land area, store 20–30% of the global soil organic carbon (SOC), yet, the rate at which floodplains sequester carbon remains highly uncertain. Here I constrain floodplain carbon sequestration rates for a model northeastern river that has not been impacted by development or significant human activity. I calculate carbon stock using total organic carbon and derive carbon flux …

Data Supporting “Unifying Observations, Simulations, And Theory For Drizzle Size Distribution Tails”, Raymond Shaw, Kamal Kant Chandrakar, Steve Krueger, Yangze Ren, Fan Yang, Jae Min Yeom

Michigan Tech Research Data

The onset and rate of drizzle remain open problems in atmospheric physics. This study brings together theory, simulations, and observations to analyze the emergence of power-law tails in droplet size distributions as a signature of a dynamic steady state with coalescence growth balanced by sedimentation removal. By applying a collector-mode approximation, analytic solutions are derived, predicting a droplet radius distribution scaling of $n(r) \sim r^{-4}$, assuming a collection kernel $K \sim r^6$. These predictions are validated against large eddy simulations of stratocumulus clouds, which exhibit the expected $r^{-4}$ scaling in the drizzle tail. Furthermore, in-situ measurements from stratocumulus clouds sampled …