The Relic In The Woods, Jay Dilger

The Echo

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Hell Is Real, Geneva Bennett

The Echo

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Drainwater Hymnal, Ethan Osborne

The Echo

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Jester With A Silver Bullet, Stephen Mclean

The Echo

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Tennessee Sunrise, Caden Vandygrift

The Echo

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The Swing And The Tree And The In-Between, Bella Fantauzzi

The Echo

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Smoke Break, Nabila Wilson

The Echo

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A Small Oasis Behind The Ocean, Willow Bermudez

The Echo

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Pelican, Caden Vandygrift

The Echo

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Preface & Table Of Contents, Furman University

The Echo

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Outlook, Daniel Chen

The Echo

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Cover

The Echo

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Echo 2026 - Complete Issue

The Echo

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Straw As A Potential Vegetable Fibre Insulative Infill In Framed Constructions - Material Testing\Tnotereftnote1, Patrick Daly

Journal of Sustainable Construction Materials and Technologies

The construction sector faces increasing pressure to reduce embodied carbon and adopt circular material strategies, with bio-based materials offering a promising pathway. Straw-based insulation, particularly in loose-fill form, has gained traction in Europe, where several products have achieved certification under EAD 040138-01-1201. This study investigates the potential of Irish-processed straw chip as a bio-based insulative infill for framed construction by evaluating its material properties and thermal conductivity–density performance relative to European ETA-certified reference products. A programme of laboratory testing was undertaken on commercially available Irish straw samples, including material characterisation (moisture content, particle morphology, and dust content) and thermal conductivity …

Development And Characterization Of Mycelium-Based Biocomposites From Ganoderma Lucidum Using Spent Yerba Mate And Residual Sunflower Oil For Sustainable Insulation In Construction, Paula V. Alfieri, Guadalupe Canosa

Journal of Sustainable Construction Materials and Technologies

The construction industry urgently requires sustainable alternatives to petroleum-based insulation materials such as expanded polystyrene (EPS) and mineral wool. Mycelium-based biocomposites offer a promising solution by valorizing agricultural waste while delivering competitive thermal and acoustic performance. In this study, developed and characterized biocomposites using Ganoderma lucidum mycelium combined with spent yerba mate and residual sunflower oil (70 g/30 mL), both commonly generated as waste in Argentine institutions. Two formulations were evaluated: high density (HD: 280 ± 5 kg/m³) and low density (LD: 185 ± 5 kg/m³). Samples were cultivated for 90 days at 28 °C and 65% relative humidity and …

Comparative Life Cycle Assessment Of Hemp Walls In Residential Construction In Morocco, Hicham Kaddouri, Rachida Elbarghmi, Firyal Latrache, Marwane Hammouti, Abderrahim Abidouche, Ismael Driouch

Journal of Sustainable Construction Materials and Technologies

This study analyzes the energy and environmental performance of hemp-based wall solutions applied to Moroccan residential buildings by combining dynamic thermal simulation and life cycle assessment (LCA). A reference building is assessed under four representative Moroccan climates (Al Hoceima, Oujda, Marrakech, and Ouarzazate), comparing a conventional wall retrofitted with hemp plaster and a wall incorporating hemp concrete. The results show that hemp concrete significantly reduces annual heating and cooling energy demands by 20–24% depending on the climate, with heating needs decreasing by up to 40% and cooling needs by approximately 15%, particularly in hot and arid regions. The LCA reveals …

Dual-Waste Integration For Geotechnical Improvement: Silica Fume And Eggshell Ash In Kaolin Soil Stabilization, Ng Jun Shen, Muzamir Hasan, Siti Sarah Eliyun, Md. Ikramul Hoque, Mohamad Afiq Jazrin Mohamad Sidek

Journal of Sustainable Construction Materials and Technologies

This study reveals the potential substitution of silica fume and eggshell ash in the technique of soil stabilization, varying across distinct proportions in the modification of geotechnical parameters. The untreated kaolinitic soil which has low soil bearing capacity in nature is frequently reflected in its mechanical instability, for instance, soil settlement and extreme compressibility. By associating the industrial and agricultural material, it is potentially to resolve the above-mentioned issues with explicit designs. A number of laboratory approaches have been implemented in the assessment of basic geotechnical properties, including grain size distribution, Atterberg limits, specific gravity, proctor properties, and shear strength …

Bioinspired Peek/Bioactive Glass/Β-Tcp Hybrid Composites With Nano-Ha Coatings: Interfacial Apatite Nucleation, Wettability Tuning, And In Vitro Bioactivity For Load-Bearing Bone Repair, Hala M Kadhim, Kadhum M. Shabeeb, Anwer Jumaa Al-Obaidi

Engineering and Technology Journal

This study addresses the longstanding challenge of balancing mechanical performance and biological activity in load-bearing bone regeneration. A multifunctional composite was developed based on polyetheretherketone (PEEK) reinforced with bioactive glass fibers and β -tricalcium phosphate (β -TCP), followed by surface functionalization using nano-hydroxyapatite (nano-HA) coating. Structural and spectroscopic analyses confirmed preservation of the PEEK molecular backbone and stable incorporation of ceramic phases. At the same time, the nano-HA layer formed a biomimetic hierarchical interface resembling natural bone mineral. Quantitatively, the modified composite exhibited a marked improvement in surface wettability, with a contact angle of 29.83°, indicating excellent hydrophilicity relative to …

Leaching Durability Of Eicp-Treated Collapsible Gypseous Soil, Samer J. Abdullah, Mohammed Y. Fattah, Aqeel Al-Adili

Engineering and Technology Journal

Gypsum dissolution and salt leaching make gypseous soils highly sensitive to seepage by weakening interparticle bonds and promoting fabric rearrangement. This study evaluated the seven day leaching durability of enzyme induced carbonate precipitation (EICP) treatment in a sand rich gypseous soil containing 29 wt.% gypsum. Specimens prepared at maximum dry density and optimum water content were used to evaluate nine formulations (A-H and J). Leaching tests were carried out in a modified Rowe cell for seven days under a vertical stress of 200 kPa and an upward hydraulic gradient of i = 20. Settlement, leaching strain, drainage volume, pH, electrical …

Groundwater Quality Mapping And Physicochemical Analysis In Badra District, Wasit Governorate, Iraq, Abbas J. Kadhem, Zahraa Zahrow, Muwafaq H. Al Lami, Moayed N. Muslim

Engineering and Technology Journal

The scarcity of water is a pressing issue in the semi-arid zone, largely due to climate change and the limited water resources available in the country. Groundwater is one of the subsurface sources of water during the arid seasons in Iraq. This study aims to evaluate the quality of groundwater in the Badra district, Wasit governorate. Twenty-four wells were selected, and three methods were used to analyze the water quality. Starting with the water quality index, which is a test of four subindices (salinity hazard, permeability risk, ion toxicity, and miscellaneous effects on sensitive groups). Then, the spatial distribution map …

Electroceuticals In Neuromodulation: Mechanisms, Clinical Applications, And Future Directions, Albashir Tahir, Nura Bello

AUIQ Complementary Biological System

Electroceuticals have emerged as an innovative therapeutic approach that employs targeted electrical stimulation to modulate neural circuits and restore physiological balance. Unlike conventional pharmacological treatments, which act through systemic biochemical pathways, electroceuticals enable precise spatial and temporal control of neural activity. The rapid proliferation of electroceutical devices across clinical and investigational settings, combined with accelerating advances in artificial intelligence, closed-loop engineering, and bioelectronic interface design, has generated an urgent need for rigorous, critically appraised synthesis to guide evidence-based clinical adoption and inform future research priorities. This review addresses the rapidly expanding field of bioelectronic medicine by providing a critical synthesis …

Systemic Infection Of Beauveria Bassiana In A Stranded Endangered Green Turtle Chelonia Mydas: A Case Report, Ming-An Tsai, I-Chun Chen, Tsung-Hsien Li

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

The green turtle (Chelonia mydas) is the most frequently encountered marine turtle species in Taiwan. This study describes the postmortem findings of a juvenile green turtle with injuries to the right foreflipper that was rescued off the Taiwan coast and died after 3 months in rehabilitation. Necropsy revealed large, yellow, multifocal caseous lesions involving the right foreflipper, spleen, liver, kidneys, and lungs. Fungal infection of Beauveria bassiana was confirmed by culture, morphological and molecular characterization, phylogenetic analysis, and histopathological examination. This report provides evidence that B. bassiana is associated with a systemic fungal infection which can be fatal …

Cafsos‑Seat V1.0 Caldwell Adaptive Aerial Fire Suppression Optimization System Seat Prototype, Michael Victor Caldwell Mr.

Defensive Publications Series

CAFSOS‑SEAT v1.0 is a builder‑ready prototype package designed for immediate engineering evaluation on Fire Boss / Air Tractor SEAT aircraft (800–1,600 gallons).

It focuses on three modules that can be built now using commercial hardware, composite fabrication, and simple mechanical retrofits:

1. Ground Pre‑Chill Skid (CAWCE‑G‑SEAT)

2. Insulated Tank Liner + Passive Mixing

3. Adaptive Gate + Swirl Plume Generator

These modules deliver 15–20°F colder water, better plume shape, better droplet distribution, and more effective suppression — without requiring new physics, new aircraft, or complex avionics.

This is the fastest, safest, highest‑viability path to improving aerial wildfire suppression today.

Gci #331 — Caldwell Adaptive Aerial Fire Suppression Optimization System (Cafsos V1.0) A Unified Open-Hardware Architecture For Adaptive Water Conditioning, Intelligent Drop Optimization, Plume Management, And Wildfire Suppression Enhancement, Michael Victor Caldwell Mr.

Defensive Publications Series

This disclosure presents the Caldwell Adaptive Aerial Fire Suppression Optimization System (CAFSOS v1.0), an integrated open-hardware engineering architecture intended to improve the effectiveness of existing aerial wildfire suppression fleets through physics-based optimization rather than unrealistic increases in payload or cooling capacity.

Instead of attempting to refrigerate thousands of gallons of water during flight—a task limited by thermodynamics, aircraft payload, and energy constraints—CAFSOS employs a layered engineering strategy combining:

• Ground-based pre-conditioning of suppression water.

• Lightweight insulated aircraft tank systems.

• Intelligent in-flight trim conditioning.

• Adaptive droplet-size control.

• Swirl-induced plume shaping.

• Boundary-layer thermal conditioning.

• Variable pulse-release technology.

• Gyroid thermal structures.

• AI-assisted telemetry integration. …

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Technical Disclosure Specification: Eliminating Late-Time Logarithmic Thermal Drawdown In Closed-Loop Geothermal Wells Via Soliton-Induced Boundary Layer Disruption, Christopher L. Eckes

Defensive Publications Series

This specification formalizes an advanced multi-physics engineering framework to eliminate late-time logarithmic thermal drawdown, localized stagnant fluid insulation, and long-term thermodynamic extraction decay in deep, closed-loop geothermal wells. Traditional geothermal energy extraction architectures encounter a severe physical limitation over extended operational runtimes: the continuous circulation of working fluid rapidly cools the immediate borehole rock face, establishing a stagnant thermal boundary layer that isolates the fluid from the core geological heat source and collapses extraction efficiency.

This framework resolves this bottleneck by treating the borehole rock-fluid interface as an active 2D viscoelastic fluid transport membrane operating at a strict coordinate baseline …

Information Exposure, Communication Channels, And Ssgi 2024 Data Utilization In Health Bureaucracy, Fachrudin Ali Ahmad, Tetrian Widyanto, Leny Wulandari, Ully Adhie Mulyani, Evi Suryani, Grace Lovita Tewu, Herianti Herianti

Jurnal Vokasi Indonesia

This study aims to analyze the influence of information exposure frequency and communication channel choice on the utilization of SSGI 2024 data. This study used mixed methods, quantitative and qualitative. Data were collected through a survey of 153 respondents, predominantly government officials, and in-depth interviews with 7 key informants. Analysis was conducted using the Chi-Square test and source triangulation. The frequency of information exposure was shown to have a significant effect on data utilization (p=0.001), where high exposure increased the likelihood of data utilization by 1.7 times. In contrast, the type of communication channel (formal vs. informal) did not have …

Cytotoxicity Of Bioactive Peptides From Cowpea (Vigna Unguiculata L. Walp) Against Breast Cancer Cells (Mcf-7), Dian R. Ningsih, Zusfahair Zusfahair, Ely Setiawan, Purwati Purwati, Kasta Gurning, Fitri A. Puspita Sari, Elya Widiawati

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

Cancer is characterized by dysregulated metabolic signaling pathways, leading to uncontrolled cellular proliferation. Current cancer treatments, which involve surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, still cause adverse systemic toxicities. Accordingly, one possible effort that can be undertaken is to explore safe anticancer substances from protein sources such as peptides. Bioactive peptides can be isolated by hydrolyzing cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) protein with trypsin. The objectives of this study were to isolate and fractionate bioactive peptides from cowpea, to determine the anticancer activity of peptide fractions, to identify active peptide fractions as anticancer agents using Liquid Chromatography High Resolution Mass Spectrometry …

In Vivo Expression Profiling Of Listeria Monocytogenes Internalins (Inlf, Inlp, Inlj) And Their Corresponding Host Receptors (Vim, Afdn, Muc2) Using A Rabbit Ligated Intestinal Loop Model, Nawar Al-Janabi, Nadhim Mushtaq Hashim Al-Bderee, Zahraa M. Madania, Mohanad Jawad Kadhim

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

Listeria monocytogenes is a Gram-positive pathogen that causes severe infections, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. Internalin genes are important virulence factors that facilitate the bacterium's invasion of host cells. This research aimed to quantify in vivo expression of selected internalin genes (inlF, inlP, and inlJ) and their corresponding host receptors (VIM, AFDN, and MUC2) during L. monocytogenes infection. To achieve this aim, a rabbit ligated intestinal loop model was constructed comprising two intestinal loops. The first loop was injected with 1 mL of L. monocytogenes (1 × 10⁷ CFU/mL), while the second loop was injected with 1 mL of PBS as …

Exogenous Ribosome Incorporation Induces Lineage Transdifferentiation In Intestinal And Liver Cancer Cells, Haoxuan Gu, Nadia Wahyuningsih, Keisuke Yamashita, Shota Inoue, Fuchao Tan, Mani Sharaki, Muhaimin Rifa’I, Kunimasa Ohta

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

It has previously been shown that exogenous bacterial ribosomes added to somatic cells and various cancer cell lines generate ribosome-induced cell clusters (RICs) capable of transdifferentiating into multiple cellular lineages. However, the scope of ribosome-induced transdifferentiation in cancer cells remains poorly understood. This study aimed to analyze the effects of exogenous ribosome incorporation on human cancer cell lines, specifically the intestinal epithelial cell line Caco-2 and the hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2. Caco-2 and HepG2 cells were cultured with purified bacterial ribosomes in human ES/iPS cell medium after trypsinization, resulting in the formation of ribosome-induced Caco-2 (RICs-Ca) and HepG2 (RICs-He) …

Selenoprotein P And Selenium As Potential Diagnostic Biomarkers For Breast Cancer Patients, Farah A. Rashid, Rawaa A. Ali, Hanaa A. Ali

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

Breast cancer incidence increases in last decade. Oxidative stress increases during cancer development causes consuming of antioxidants. Selenium and its transporting protein, selenoprotein P have an important role in redox homeostasis. This study aims to investigate whether or not selenium and selenoprotein P could be diagnostic biomarkers for breast cancer patients. This study was included 30 individuals in control group who is age- and BMI-matched with 60 breast cancer patients. Selenium was measured by colorimetric assay kit and selenoprotein P was determined by Sandwich ELISA kits. The results indicate significant decrease (p < 0.0001) of serum selenium and selenoprotein P in breast cancer patients compared to control. A positive significant correlation (r = 0.6214, p < 0.0001) was found between selenium and selenoprotein P in breast cancer patients. Selenium has an excellent diagnostic accuracy with area under curve 0.9831, sensitivity 95% and specificity 100% at cut-off less than 3.54 mmol/L. Furthermore, selenoprotein P has also an excellent area under curve 0.9958 with sensitivity 96.77% and specificity 100% at cut-off less than 4.15 ng/ml. These exploratory findings appear that selenium and selenoprotein P could be potential diagnostic biomarkers for breast cancer patients. Further investigations in large-multicenter populations are needed to confirm results.