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Boot Camp For The Mind: The Role Of Jpme In Developing National Security Strategists, Joseph Gagliano, Nick Gvosdev, Derek Reveron, Rebecca Russo, Dana Struckman

Joint Force Quarterly

Joint professional military education (JPME) plays a deliberate and pivotal role in an officer’s operational and strategic growth. JPME provides a structured environment for officers to develop the intellectual agility, critical thinking, and collaborative skills necessary to lead complex decisionmaking at headquarters away from the battlefield. Translating broad strategic guidance into employable strategies and executable plans requires (1) assessing the international security environment and (2) analyzing domestic policymaking system constraints. This approach stresses that a comprehensive education in national security affairs must acknowledge that a well-crafted security strategy is meaningless if not informed by the domestic policymaking system that develops …

Building The Mental Golden Dome: Arming The Joint Force For Defensive Cognitive Warfare, James Davitch

Joint Force Quarterly

Modern conflict increasingly hinges on mental strength, yet current military thinking lacks a clear defense for the mind. This article introduces a vital new concept: protecting military personnel from an adversary's attempts to distort their perceptions, disorient their judgment, and degrade their decision-making. Building on established research into behavioral psychology, the essay integrates this defense into existing military functions, proposing practical steps. It offers a precise explanation of this protective strategy, suggests pre-deployment exercises for joint personnel, and outlines ways to measure effectiveness even under pressure. A detailed, multi-year plan describes how to update joint doctrine, create training programs, and …

Examining The Lavelle Affair 54 Years Later: An Injustice That Needs To Be Rectified Now, Mark Clodfelter

Joint Force Quarterly

Mark Clodfelter reexamines the case of U.S. Air Force Major General John D. Lavelle, who was relieved as commander of Seventh Air Force in 1972 and reduced in retired rank following allegations that he ordered unauthorized airstrikes against North Vietnam and the falsification of mission reports. Drawing on documentary and recorded evidence, including materials that remained classified until 2015, Clodfelter challenges the findings of earlier congressional and official reviews. He argues that Lavelle acted within an ambiguous command environment shaped by evolving North Vietnamese air defenses, unclear rules of engagement, and guidance from senior military and civilian leaders. The article …

Determining Operational Objectives, Milan Vego

Joint Force Quarterly

Full knowledge and understanding of the true meaning of operational objectives are the main prerequisites for sound planning and execution of major operations A major operations (on land, at sea, in the air) is aimed at accomplishing a single operational objective. They can be conducted predominantly by a single service or two or more services. A campaign in a high-intensity conventional war consists of a series of related major/joint operations (on land, in the air, at sea) plus numerous tactical actions aimed to achieve a single military- or theater-strategic objective. Yet despite their importance, relatively little attention is …

From Data To Victory: The Race For Analytic Superiority In Warfare, Robert Grossman, Emily Goldman

Joint Force Quarterly

Artificial intelligence technologies have reached a tipping point after decades of development. They are diffusing widely across defense and national security applications. Twenty-first century warfighters rely on analytic models in all systems, at all echelons, and in all domains. As more powerful models built on ever larger data sets become ubiquitous, militaries are in a new competition to deploy artificial intelligence. Operational art must embrace “analytic superiority.” This is the operational advantage from collecting and ingesting data, building robust models and computing infrastructure, deploying the models into operational systems, and denying adversaries' ability to do the same

This article explains …

Executive Summary, William T. Eliason

Joint Force Quarterly

In his executive summary for Joint Force Quarterly 120, Editor in Chief William T. Eliason reflects on the 40th anniversary of the Goldwater-Nichols Department of Defense Reorganization Act of 1986 and its enduring influence on jointness, military command relationships, and defense reform. He examines General David C. Jones’s role in advancing reforms that strengthened the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, streamlined the operational chain of command, and improved cooperation among the military Services. Eliason also considers continuing debates over the law’s effectiveness and the future organization of the joint force. He then introduces the issue’s articles on cyber …

The Logic Of America’S Defense Strategy, Elbridge A. Colby

Joint Force Quarterly

In this address at the National War College, Elbridge A. Colby, Under Secretary of War for Policy, explores the strategic logic underlying the 2026 National Defense Strategy. He argues that renewed major power rivalry, military competition, and the risks posed by nuclear-armed adversaries require the United States to align its military objectives, methods, and resources with concrete political goals and American interests. Colby presents a three-part framework for doing so: denial defense, which seeks to prevent an aggressor from seizing and holding key allied or partner territory; favorable escalation management, which places the burden and risks of escalation on the …

Joint Force Quarterly, Issue 120, 3rd Quarter 2026, National Defense University Press

Joint Force Quarterly

Joint Force Quarterly 120, 3rd Quarter 2026, focuses on contemporary defense strategy, joint warfighting, professional military education, operational innovation, and military sustainment. The issue opens with Under Secretary of War for Policy Elbridge A. Colby’s discussion of the logic underlying the 2026 National Defense Strategy and an executive summary reflecting on the 40th anniversary of the Goldwater-Nichols Act and the future of jointness. Forum articles address analytic superiority in warfare, the development of operational objectives, and new evidence concerning the Lavelle Affair. Contributions on joint professional military education explore defensive cognitive warfare, strategist development, and cyberspace collaboration for homeland defense. …

Tolkien's Philological Imagination - On Aelfwine's Spelling, The Ab Language And The Inner Consistency Of Philological Reality, Andrew Higgins

Journal of Tolkien Research

This is a paper that was given and refined at the 2026 Tolkien at Kalamazoo, Tolkien and Leeds and Oxonmoot conferences.

How Euler Could Have Done It: Euler And An Integral Of Ramanujan, Alexander Aycock

Euleriana

We present a derivation of a definite integral discovered by Ramanujan (1887–1920) in his 1915 paper "Some Definite Integrals," from formulas and ideas already developed by Euler (1707–1783). Additionally, it is argued why Euler did not discover Ramanujan's integral himself, although he had all tools required for this task at his disposal.

A Note On Euler's Definition Of The Sum Of A Divergent Series, Alexander Aycock

Euleriana

We outline Euler's theory of divergent series and present another approach he could have taken to sum his ``factorial series". Finally, we address the contradictions that arise from his concept of a sum of a divergent series.

Euler's Explorations Of Extremal Ellipses, Jonathan David Evans

Euleriana

In the 1770s, Euler wrote a series of papers (E563, E691 and E692) about finding the ellipse with minimal area or perimeter in the family of all ellipses passing through a fixed set of points. This is a translation of all three papers from the original Latin, together with a commentary which discusses Euler's results and an appendix which addresses a question from E691 which Euler left for others to consider.

Arithmetic Theorems, Demonstrated By A New Method: An English Translation Of E271, Brendon Lasell

Euleriana

After defending in general terms the value of arithmetic demonstrations, where, according to Euler, the force of genius shines more brightly than in any other kind of demonstration, he goes on to let the force of his own genius shine forth in demonstrating the fact that, for any pair of relatively prime numbers a and N, a^ϕ(N) − 1 is always divisible by N, where we anachronistically denote by ϕ(N) the number of numbers less than N that are relatively prime to it. He approaches this theorem by considering the remainders that result when the numbers in an arithmetic …

On Double Integral Formulas: An English Translation Of E391, Thomas W. Polaski

Euleriana

In this paper, Euler investigates the theory of double intergrals to uses them to find areas, volumes and surface areas. He considers transformations of variables in double integrals. After showing that simple multiplication of the transformed differentials is not appropriate, he derives the formula for a change of variables in double integrals. Euler then uses such changes of variables to investigate areas and volumes, and then turns his attention to the so-called ``Florentine problem.'' This problem requires one to remove four equal windows from a hemispherical surface so that the remaining area is equal to the area of a square. …

Eulerian Problem Solving, Christopher Goff, Erik Tou

Euleriana

An introduction to the contents in Volume 6 (Issue 2) of Euleriana.

It's Your Voice: Why Not Use It?, Tyler Tran

Undercurrents: A Journal of Undergraduate Student Composition

Tyler is an Accounting and Finance major from Stoughton, MA. Tyler felt a personal connection to the topic of his essay as he “has always been conscious of my voice in previous writing assignments, but it wasn’t until English 101 and 102 that I purposefully used my own voice in my essays.” This made Tyler want to explore the topic of “self-censorship” of students when writing. He admits that “undergoing the writing process in a remote setting was very new, but I think it helped emphasize the importance of really writing with my own voice.” While writing this essay, Tyler …

Using A Narrative Approach To Cater To Multilingual Student Writers, Hadassa Sossou

Undercurrents: A Journal of Undergraduate Student Composition

Hadassa is a Biochemistry major from Brockton, MA. She is multilingual but does not consider herself a “multilingual student” since her primary language is English. She speaks four languages and is now learning Japanese. This semester, Hadassa met and befriended many international and ESL students at the university. She states that “after I met them, I realized that they had a lot of struggles with writing in the classroom that I never considered. So, during my research for this essay, I wanted to learn more about what could cause difficulty and how that could be resolved.” Hadassa also has learned …

Paradise Found? Orality In The Composition Process, Alexander Quadros

Undercurrents: A Journal of Undergraduate Student Composition

Alex is an undecided major from Chelmsford, MA, who is interested in International Relations, English, and Economics. Alex said this topic “thoroughly piqued my curiosity” and he “wondered whether my recurrent frustrations with procrastination of writing assignments was a symptom of ‘thinker’s block,’ or rather the usual culprit of ‘writer’s block.’ This distinction became important to him as he realized “utilizing orality could spur the composition process.” Alex is a very family-oriented person and is passionate about helping others. His ideal day would be hiking with friends while listening to the Rolling Stones and then playing basketball all night long. …

Texts In Conflict, Adia Samba-Quee

Undercurrents: A Journal of Undergraduate Student Composition

Adia is a Political Science Major with a Minor in Africana Studies from Springfield, MA. In writing this essay, Adia was able to “reflect on my relation with writing and how I am perceived as an individual through my writing. I consider letting go of my prideful and embarrassing ego a huge factor in my development.” Like many students, Adia felt the remote learning semesters to be “historically bad on my mental health.” Efforts and interest in school fluctuated wildly and “I didn’t think I’d made much of an impact on my professors this year.” But, Adia is “learning a …

The Repurposing Of Biased Literature For Moral Development, Hannah Ortiz

Undercurrents: A Journal of Undergraduate Student Composition

Hannah Ortiz is an English major with a Professional & New Media Writing concentration, and is from Hartford, Connecticut. Because she is studying reading and writing, Hannah feels that the censorship of literature is an important topic. Hannah says “I love reading and I believe that people, especially children, should be able to read books that teach us about the world.” She states that we do not have to agree with every book we read, but that “literature can present different perspectives that can educate us about messages we don’t agree with.” Hannah believes that biased literature has been some …

Ethics In The Archives, Sarah Islam

Undercurrents: A Journal of Undergraduate Student Composition

Sarah is a Psychology major from Merrimack, NH. In her work with the archives, Sarah examined the work of archival storyteller Saidiya Hartman, who “points out a fundamental flaw in the development of the archive —  the lack of narratives of the oppressed.” Sarah was very interested in discovering different solutions to this injustice, and “wanted to understand some of the ethical dilemmas that can arise when working with archival materials.” Though the idea of writing about such a heavy topic was daunting at first, Sarah found herself becoming increasingly passionate about the injustices in the archives and the various …

The Ignored Insights Of An International Student, Anonymous ,

Undercurrents: A Journal of Undergraduate Student Composition

This anonymous student writer is a Political Science major and Philosophy and Law minor from Mumbai, India. As a freshman, her inspiration for writing this essay was her recent experience with the college application process. She says that “coming from a high school in India, multiple factors in the application process were not in my favor and would have been different if I had received my high school education from the United States.” This essay was special because she “learned how to inculcate the art of actively responding with my own voice in terms of academic writing rather than merely …

Becoming Bilingual: An Experience That Changed My Life, John Nobile Carvalho

Undercurrents: A Journal of Undergraduate Student Composition

John Nobile Carvalho is a Biochemistry major from Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil. John’s inspiration for writing this paper was in finding the most significant and impactful moments of language learning. The reason he considers his essay important is “because during the writing process I was able to recall memories and think of the journey I’ve been on, and all the challenges I’ve faced while learning two languages.” He also credits remote learning with providing plenty of time to devote himself to his studies and this project: “I was aware that this factor could help me focus and write something interesting …

The Battle Of Science And The Public: How To Make Scientific Writing Friendly, Maggie Buyuk

Undercurrents: A Journal of Undergraduate Student Composition

Maggie Buyuk is a Nursing major from Bolton, MA. She wanted to focus her essay on the scientific discourse community because she feels as though it is often unapproachable: “As a nursing major, I know that I want information to be easily accessible for both myself and my patients. Unfortunately, the scientific rhetoric is not publically friendly because of the jargon and format of the scientific paper standard.” Maggie believes that there is a middle ground where the scientific community and the public can meet in order to better understand each other. This essay is special to her because, as …

2021 Editor's Introduction, Lauren M. Bowen

Undercurrents: A Journal of Undergraduate Student Composition

No abstract provided.

Bitseat: Reimagining The Financing For Airliners Using Nonfungible Tokens (Blockchain Technology), Edwin S. Ongola

Journal of Aviation Technology and Engineering

This essay describes how blockchain technology, particularly nonfungible tokens, can be used to raise funding for airliners. The essay begins with a brief overview on the costs, categories, and acquisition methods of airliners. After that, the essay introduces concepts on blockchain technology, tokens, and smart contracts. The essay then touches on how nonfungible tokens can be used to facilitate fractional ownership of airliners. From there, the essay discusses Bitseat, a conceptual nonfungible token for fractional ownership of airliners, covering its overall design, appeal, marketplace alternatives, and challenges. Finally, in the discussion, the essay summarizes the overall concept and outlines its …

Improving Security Policy Validation In Distributed Systems Using Attack Graph Simulations, Zaid J. Al-Araji, Balqees Talal Hasan, Fahad Ahmed Shaban, Ali Khairi Al-Toohafi, Hussein M. Farhood, Alaa Al-Dabbagh, Omar Nazar Hamdoon

Al-Bahir

Validation of security policies in distributed systems is difficult because rules are heterogeneous, interact in non-obvious ways, and static checks often overlook multi-stage attacker chains. We offer a unified framework to translate real policies, and in parallel give visibility into policy-aware attack graphs (PAAGs), then we evaluate them using deterministic as well as probabilistic simulations, with Monte Carlo (MC) included. The policies are naturally embedded in the construction; firewall semantics deny or remove exploit edges, RBAC limits privilege transitions, and IDS/IPS lower the success likelihood of edges, so the resulting graph reflects both the vulnerability surface and the enforcement posture. …

Molecular Characterization Of Coprinopsis Sp. Based On Its Rdna Analysis And Evaluation Of Its Antibacterial Activity, Maysaa Taqi Al-Khazali, Kawkab Abdullah Alsaadi, Zahraa Raheem Murshidy, Dhuha Ali Hussein, Sura Abd Ali Kadhim Mohammed

Al-Bahir

The present study, conducted in Karbala Governorate, central Iraq, aimed to identify and characterize large wild fungi belonging to the genus Coprinopsis. Field-collected specimens were found to be Coprinopsis sp. with affinity to Coprinopsis cinerea, based initially on detailed morphological and microscopic characteristics and further supported by molecular analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of ribosomal DNA through comparison with related sequences available in the GenBank database. BLAST analysis revealed minor nucleotide variations, and the obtained sequence was deposited in the NCBI GenBank database under accession number PX247457.1. These findings contribute to the limited records of Coprinopsis species …

Comparative Experimental Study Of Pcm And Zeolite-Based Passive Cooling For Enhancing Second Generation Solar Panel Performance In Hot-Arid Climates, Mohammed Dakhil Abbas, Tawfeeq K. Al-Hamdi, Mohammed Ali Abdulrehman, Shah Rizal Kasim, Ahmed Subhi Abbas, Ali M. Flayyih, Tawfeeq W. Mohammed

Al-Bahir

Operating at high temperatures is one of the key factors affecting the performance of photovoltaic systems. In hot-arid climates, the temperature is typically extremely high. In this study, the experimental performance of two passive cooling systems, phase change materials (PCMs) and zeolite X13-CaCl₂, was comparatively assessed to improve the performance of cadmium telluride photovoltaic panels under the same real operating conditions in Baghdad, Iraq. An improvement of approximately 8.5% in electrical conversion efficiency (i.e., the percentage increase compared to the reference system and not the actual value) was achieved, with a decrease in temperature of approximately 12 °C being recorded …

The Nine-Block Pyramid: A Structural Framework For Cultivating An Ai Adoption Mindset Culture At Enterprise Scale, Ahmad Masri

Communications of the IIMA

Enterprise artificial intelligence (AI) adoption is nearly universal in name but shallow in practice: a large majority of organizations now use AI in at least one business function, yet only a small minority have scaled it enterprise-wide, and leadership commitment rather than technology is repeatedly cited as the binding constraint. This conceptual paper argues that AI adoption is fundamentally a mindset-culture problem, not a tooling problem, and proposes a nine-block pyramid as a practical framework describing a sequencing heuristic, anchored in established organizational-behavior theory, for the cultural conditions an enterprise should build to sustain an AI adoption mindset: (1) Enterprise …