Digital Commons Network^™

From Disruption To Recovery: Charter School Performance During And After The Covid-19 Pandemic, Adam Kho, Shelby Smith, Ron Zimmer

Public Policy and Administration Faculty Publications

In recent decades, an increasing number of students have pursued alternative educational options, including charter schools, as school choice has continued to expand. This trend was accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic. While it is well established that students experienced widespread learning loss during the pandemic, it remains unclear whether the extent of that loss or the pace of recovery has differed between charter and traditional public schools (TPS). In the current study, we examine the effects of Tennessee charter schools on student achievement during and after the pandemic. Using student-level data from 2017-18 to 2022-23, we estimate the charter school …

Large Language Models And International Law, Ashley Deeks, Duncan Hollis

Chicago Journal of International Law

Large Language Models (LLMs) have the potential to transform public international lawyering in at least five ways: (i) helping to identify the contents of international law; (ii) interpreting existing international law; (iii) formulating and drafting proposals for new legal instruments or negotiating positions; (iv) assessing the international legality of specific acts; and (v) collating and distilling large datasets for international courts, tribunals, and treaty bodies.

This Article uses two case studies to show how LLMs may work in international legal practice. First, it uses LLMs to identify whether particular behavioral expectations rise to the level of customary international law. In …

The Rise Of Big Data And The Law Of Armed Conflict, Laura A. Dickinson

Chicago Journal of International Law

Big data—extremely large quantities of information and the analytics used to process it—is now crucial to the way militaries operate on the battlefield. Data is used to run weapons systems, analyze intelligence, procure and deploy personnel, evaluate battlefield conditions, detain prisoners, and more. And not only is data increasingly being used on the battlefield, but operations targeting adversaries’ data—to acquire it, delete and destroy it, or distort or poison it—are becoming increasingly important as well. Beyond the battlefield, big data lies at the epicenter of adversarial activities below the armed conflict threshold. Because data is the fuel of artificial intelligence …

Interpretation As Creation: Article Vi Of The Outer Space Treaty, Charles Stotler

Chicago Journal of International Law

From the launch of Sputnik I in 1957 to proposals for In-Space Servicing, Assembly and Manufacturing (ISAM) and new lunar activities such as resource utilization, advancing technology has always been a driving factor in the creation of space law. From a legal-historical perspective, the notion of law as creation should be contextualized in a broader legal-philosophical transition that began with the rise of positivism. Article VI of the Outer Space Treaty orbits unsteadily between international obligations and national implementation measures, rendering significant States’ understandings of those provisions. Our understanding of Article VI turns on perhaps the most creative legal endeavor: …

Digital Evidence: Facilitating What And For Whom?, Rebecca Hamilton, Adebayo Okeowo

Chicago Journal of International Law

The emergence of user-generated evidence has revolutionized how atrocities and human rights violations are documented globally. Since 2011, when Syrian human rights defenders began documenting atrocities on their smartphones, a professional field has emerged around the collection, authentication, and preservation of digital evidence. However, this professionalization has created unintended consequences, as expertise and verification power shifted away from frontline communities to Global North institutions. This Article examines this tension through two case studies: the Rohingya Genocide Archive, and Nigeria's #EndSARS movement. These examples demonstrate both the power of locally-informed evidence collection and the challenges when verification skills remain concentrated among …

Battlefield Evidence In The Age Of Artificial Intelligence-Enabled Warfare, Winthrop Wells

Chicago Journal of International Law

A number of emerging technologies increasingly prevalent on contemporary battlefields—notably unmanned autonomous systems (UAS) and various military applications of artificial intelligence (AI)—are working a sea change in the way that wars are fought. These technological developments also carry major implications for the investigation and prosecution of serious crimes committed in armed conflict, including for an under-examined yet potentially valuable form of evidence: information and material collected or obtained by military forces themselves.

Such “battlefield evidence” poses various legal and practical challenges. Yet it can play an important role in justice and accountability processes, in which it addresses the longstanding obstacle …

Satellite Infrastructures And Law In The Making Of Planetary Knowledge, Benedict Kingsbury, Yirong Sun

Chicago Journal of International Law

Imaginations of Planet Earth as-a-whole—that is, Earth conceived in planetary terms by wide publics—have been shaped over several decades by the growing capabilities of artificial Earth satellites to image the whole Earth, to specify all locations, and to integrate the Earth’s diverse orbital space with everyday human activities. Different Earth orbits are becoming more densely used, more securitized, more intensely managed from Earth, and more integral to activities on Earth.

This Article focuses on two categories of satellite systems that contribute directly to planetary knowledge, Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) and Earth Observation Satellite Systems (EOSS). GNSS and EOSS have …

The Law Of Armed Conflict – In The Dark, Laurie R. Blank

Chicago Journal of International Law

In a potential future peer-on-peer or near peer conflict, the technological capabilities that are both taken for granted and a source of military superiority will be an immediate and high- value target. Global navigation and positioning systems, satellite imaging, precision guidance, instantaneous communication, and much more— the adversary will seek to shut down these capabilities. Turning off the technology, or fighting “in the dark,” presents complex operational and tactical challenges of navigation, logistics, communication, command and control, coordination, and targeting, to name just a few. However, executing military operations in such a technology-deprived environment also requires the application and implementation …

Two Terribles: A Day Without Space And Ai Enabled Synthetic Biological Weapons A Warning Order, James E. Baker

Chicago Journal of International Law

A day without space, a term used to describe the loss or destruction of America’s space assets, and the potential generation of novel biological threats using AI and synthetic biology present catastrophic and potentially existential threats to U.S. security in a way that nuclear weapons did before and continue to do so today. Yet they have not received the level of attention from national security lawyers or commentators they warrant. This article describes the threats. It describes the current and inchoate nature of the law to address these threats. And it makes initial recommendations to policymakers and lawyers about how …

The Special International Peace Zone: From History, Through Practice, Toward An End To Armed Conflict In Ukraine, Tom W. Bell

Notre Dame Journal of International & Comparative Law

This paper presents the special international peace zone as both an observed and ideal institution. Such a zone quells military conflict in an area over which sovereigns make conflicting territorial claims. It operates through an interim administration, governed by its own rules, independent of any single sovereign. Past examples include the Free City of Danzig (1920-39), the Free Territory of Trieste (1947-54), and United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (1999-2008). Despite proven successes, these zones have suffered from an undue reliance on multi-national organizations—first the League of Nations and now the United Nations. Warring sovereigns seldom agree about the …

Whose Truth Commission, Lehlohonolo January

Notre Dame Journal of International & Comparative Law

It is often said that the victor always dictates the narrative and thus dictates how history is represented. The end of Apartheid in South Africa wasn’t a result of an outright victorious defeat of the Apartheid State together with its institutions of coercion but rather came about as a result of a culmination of a series of events. If this adage holds true, then why is it that the narrative seems to paint a picture of a victor’s perspective? This assertion is not made lightly but is no less reflective of how the facts seem to portray themselves in that …

Anonymous Communication In Quantum Networks, Anish Majumdar

Master’s Dissertations

In this dissertation, we explore the protocols enabling anonymous communication in quantum networks i.e. transmission of qubits from sender to receiver by creating or distributing Entangled states between them without disclosing their identities as sender or receiver to the other parties in the network. Existing methods uses classical, as well as quantum subprotocols to achieve anonymity.The Quantum sub-protocols include protocols for anonymous entanglement distribution using GHZ states, verification (not device-independent) of GHZ state that requires secure private classical channels, techniques for ϵ-anonymity(i.e. the other parties can at most guess a little ϵ amount better than a random guess about who …

From Vigilance To Veracity: Hallucination Detection, Mitigation, And Safety Enhancement In Large Language Models, Sharanya Dasgupta

Master’s Dissertations

Human cognition, driven by complex neurochemical processes, oscillates between imagination and reality and learns to self-correct whenever such subtle drifts lead to hallucinations or unsafe associations. In recent years, large language models (LLMs) have garnered widespread attention due to their adeptness at generating innovative responses to the given prompts across a multitude of domains, yet they exhibit a critical limitation: the propensity to produce factually incorrect and potentially harmful content while preserving syntactic coherence and logical structure. In this work, we hypothesize that these deficiencies in LLMs originate from their internal representational dynamics. Our observations indicate that, during passage generation, …

Adult Agitation In The Postanesthesia Care Unit After General Anesthesia, Jonathan Vaughn

Nursing Publications

No abstract provided.

Структурно-Семантическая Модель Матричной Таблицы Глаголов Звучания: К Реконструкции Лексической Системы, Irina V. Ivliyeva

Arts, Languages and Philosophy Faculty Research & Creative Works

цель статьи – провести структурно-семантический анализ авторской таблицы веб-извлечения глагольных форм. Матричная таблица форм глаголов звучания рассматривается как инновационный лексикографический инструмент, обладающий способностью не только фиксировать уже существующие единицы, но и выявлять потенциальные формы глаголов, находящиеся за пределами кодификационных норм. Работа направлена на описание структуры, принципов построения и способов наполнения данной таблицы. Проводится сопоставление с традиционными лексикографическими источниками. Особое внимание уделяется семантическому значению незаполненных ячеек, способности таблицы к синтезу новых форм и её потенциалу как прогностического инструмента в сфере лексики, словообразования и словообразовательного синтеза.

Enhancing Autonomous Truck Navigation In Underground Mines: A Review Of 3d Object Detection Systems, Challenges, And Future Trends, Ellen Essien, Samuel Frimpong

Mining Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Integrating autonomous haulage systems into underground mining has revolutionized safety and operational efficiency. However, deploying 3D detection systems for autonomous truck navigation in such an environment faces persistent challenges due to dust, occlusion, complex terrains, and low visibility. This affects their reliability and real-time processing. While existing reviews have discussed object detection techniques and sensor-based systems, providing valuable insights into their applications, only a few have addressed the unique underground challenges that affect 3D detection models. This review synthesizes the current advancements in 3D object detection models for underground autonomous truck navigation. It assesses deep learning algorithms, fusion techniques, multi-modal …

Multi-Valued Q-Neutrosophic Computation For Enhancing The Digital Media Content Creation And Editing With Computer Assistance, Shanshan Zhang

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

No abstract provided.

Empowering Community Through Extension: Identifying Community Health And Wellness Strengths And Needs, Allyson A. Spears, Alexis Zickafoose, Emily Wintermute, Peng Lu, Matthew Baker, Scott Cummings

Journal of Human Sciences and Extension

Health and wellness are foundational to thriving communities, yet many Americans face barriers that impact their access to essential health education and services. This study used a community-based participatory research (CBPR) approach to assess the perceived strengths and needs of health and wellness resources of rural and urban Texas communities. Data were collected through a statewide survey (n = 9,418), targeting key aspects of health and wellness. The results identified critical strengths, including school lunch programs and grocery stores accepting electronic benefit transfers (EBT), while reducing obesity and addressing mental health emerged as top community needs in both urban and …

Policy Library- 170 University Committees, Indiana State University, General Counsel

Policy Library

Policy 170 University Committees

Policy Library- 305 Faculty Appointment, Promotion, Tenure, And Evaluation, Indiana State University, General Counsel

Policy Library

Policy 305 Faculty Appointment, Promotion, and Tenure

Policy Library- 450 Policy On Student Organizations, Indiana State University, General Counsel

Policy Library

Policy 450 Student Organizations

Cost Savings Associated With Aspirin Deprescribing Among Patients Receiving Warfarin, Virginia Falvello, Geoffrey D. Barnes, Josh Errickson, Xiaokui Gu, Ang Li, Mona Ali, Brian Haymart, Scott Kaatz, James B. Froehlich, Bonnie Cheng, Michael Thompson, Jordan Schaefer

Conference Presentation Abstracts

Background : From 2017-2018 the Michigan Anticoagulation Quality Improvement Initiative (MAQI2) implemented a multicenter quality improvement project to improve guideline concordant aspirin use among warfarin treated patients with atrial fibrillation and/or venous thromboembolic disease. After 48 months of follow-up, this intervention was associated with reduced bleeding but no increase in thrombosis. The cost savings of this intervention has not been assessed. Aims : To determine insurance payments associated with adverse bleeding and thrombotic events and estimate the potential reduction in payments associated with aspirin deprescribing. Methods : Insurance reimbursement data from the MAQI2 cohort was identified by perfect match of …

Long Term Outcomes Of A Multicenter Aspirin Deprescribing Intervention, Avilasha Sinha, Josh Errickson, Xiaokui Gu, Mona Ali, Christopher Giuliano, Brian Haymart, Scott Kaatz, Deborah Decamillo, Noelle Ryan, James Froehlich, Geoffrey Barnes, Jordan Schaefer

Conference Presentation Abstracts

Background : From 2017 – 2018, the Michigan Anticoagulation Quality Improvement Initiative (MAQI2) implemented a multicenter quality improvement project to reduce excess aspirin use among patients on warfarin. Analysis 24 months post-intervention showed significant reductions in aspirin use and the intervention was associated with improved bleeding outcomes. It was unclear if these outcomes would be sustained. Aims : To evaluate pre- and post- intervention aspirin use, bleeding, and thrombotic outcomes, now with up to 84 months of follow-up data. Methods : Included patients were adults on long-term warfarin for atrial fibrillation and/or venous thromboembolism without an apparent indication for aspirin. …

Technical Communication Instruction Partnership With Engineering Faculty, Ashley S. Mcguire, Michael M. Lipscomb

Libraries Professional Work

Graduate students in STEM fields are often expected to communicate – both in writing and orally – at a professional level by the time they submit their theses and dissertations. Unfortunately, many graduate students lack opportunities to learn how to do that in a STEM setting. An informal review of US programs revealed that many offer writing courses modeled on traditional composition courses, which are not necessarily directed to the needs of STEM students. Further, many of these courses provide a series of isolated learning modules with little continuity or encouragement to revise and in which technological writing assistance is …

Full Journal

Pastoral Liturgy

No abstract provided.

How Ai Can Help Mediators Say What They Really Mean, John Lande

Faculty Publications

This article critiques the widespread use of the terms “facilitative” and “evaluative” to describe mediation techniques. Despite their popularity in scholarship and practice, these labels are inconsistently defined, frequently misunderstood, and fundamentally flawed. Drawing on a survey of mediation experts, the article documents significant confusion about how professionals interpret these terms – and how they think that others interpret them. It builds on Leonard Riskin’s critique of the facilitative-evaluative framework, which shows that the language not only oversimplifies complex processes but also risks confusing parties and undermining informed decision-making.

As an alternative, the article proposes a behavioral vocabulary that reflects …

Creating Value Through Corporate Social Responsibility: The Role Of Foreign Institutional Investors In Chinese Listed Firms, Yunhe Li, Yu Liu, Mihail Miletkov, Tina Yang

Finance Faculty Publications

This study examines the interplay between two major global trends—the growing role of foreign institutional ownership (FIO) due to financial liberalization and the rise of corporate social responsibility (CSR) as an investment ethos. We choose the setting of China, the world’s second-largest economy that has recently experienced substantial growth in foreign portfolio investment and increased its commitment to CSR. We document that CSR performance significantly influences the portfolio allocation decisions of certain types of FIO. Crucially, our analysis reveals that firms with a higher level of ownership by foreign institutional investors are associated with a more positive relation between …

Distinction, Proportionality, And Precautions In Attacks At Sea In The New Era Of The Law Of Naval Warfare, James Kraska

Chicago Journal of International Law

China has upset the security balance in East Asia through the development of a long- range strike complex composed of anti-ship ballistic missiles, drones and cruise missiles, and hypersonic missiles that put U.S. naval fleets at risk. Beijing’s innovative approach to sea control through the projection of power from land-based fires highlights three important differences between the law applicable to naval warfare and the law of armed conflict (LOAC) as it is implemented on land.1 These legal distinctions are subtle in law, but they shape concrete choices available to naval commanders and could determine the outcome of war at sea. …

Trademarking Terroir: Geographical Indications As A Form Of Cultural Property In The U.S.-Eu Trade War, Sara Evans

Chicago Journal of International Law

Geographical indications (GIs) designating wines, spirits, and agricultural products have been the subject of a trade war between the U.S. and EU for several decades. The American legal regime often denies European producers exclusive rights to use GIs in the American market because U.S. authorities consider many European terms generic. As a result, EU regulators are reluctant to protect American designations of origin in the European market. Little progress has been made toward reaching a consensus about which terms should be protected and how they should be protected in transatlantic trade.

Economics has been the dominant lens through which the …

Nursing News & Views - June 2025, Brenda Rocha Rn, Cno

Nursing Newsletters

Nursing News & Views - June 2025