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The Métis And The Manifest Destiny Of The Canadian Northwest, Donald Holler

The Ozark Historical Review

As the United States, hoping to pursue “Manifest Destiny,” attempted to expand until North America truly was the “American” continent, the newly formed Dominion of Canada, ever fearful of its expanding neighbor to the south, tried to cobble together a trans-continental nation and forge its own unique identity and destiny. These two competing impulses came to a head in the long neglected Métis Red River Rebellion of 1869–1870 which sealed the future of the North American continent.

An Assessment Of Transformations In American And Canadian Women Homesteaders In The Mid-Nineteenth To Early Twentieth Century Wests, Rachel Albinson

The Ozark Historical Review

Every woman’s western experience was not the same, regardless of whether they were from the United States or Canada. Therefore, the various physical, social and psychological transformations of each woman who made the journey west cannot be grouped into one generalization. Yet a great deal can be said for the amount of women who did and did not experience such significant changes during the rough journey westward, changes that are determined by the differences in each woman’s attitude and behavior prior to and after their arrival in the western regions of North America.

Erotic Dream And Governmental Nightmare: Use And Censorship Of Pillow Books In Edo Culture And The Influence Of The "Floating World", Emily Chase

The Ozark Historical Review

The “floating world” of Yoshiwara 吉原, the pleasure district of Edo, capital city of Japan during the Edo period (1600–1868), was a fantasy itself, one that fired the imaginations of the many artists who took it as their subject. Like the licensed red-light district of the capital, which contained both theater and many brothels, the art of the “floating world” was often erotic in nature. This eroticism ranged from the subtly arousing to the pornographic. It is the latter, known as shunga 春画(translated literally as “spring pictures”, but commonly called pillow books in the west) which is especially intriguing. These …

Escape From The "Floating World": Kabuki Theater In Conflict With The Bakufu Government Of Tokugawa Japan (1600-1868), Suzanne Schenewerk

The Ozark Historical Review

Ukiyo 浮世, the “floating world” of the Tokugawa 徳川 era (1600–1868) in Japan, holds a particular fascination that endures to this day. For townfolk and samurai alike, this realm of beauty and entertainment represented an escape from the ordinary, a place where pleasure took priority above all other concerns. However, for the entertainers themselves, this demi-monde was not a temporary refuge from the mundane – quite the opposite. Their occupations conferred them to a strange and, in many ways, unenviable position in society, as caste structure and governmental restrictions isolated performers of the period physically and socially.

Creating The Thomas Mcrae Sanitorium For Negros: Race, Contagion, And Space In Jim Crow Arkansas, Shauna Gibbons

The Ozark Historical Review

The Thomas McRae Memorial Sanatorium for Negroes, located in Alexander, Arkansas, opened its doors in 1931 as the only resource for the entire state’s population of consumptive African Americans. It was touted as one of the best of its kind under the supervision of Dr Hugh A. Browne. But its “kind” was a facility intended for individuals whom whites in the medical and political establishment viewed not only as second class citizens but as biologically and medically different.

Contents

The Ozark Historical Review

No abstract provided.

Title Page

The Ozark Historical Review

No abstract provided.

Can Play Support Language Development In The Education Of Young Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder?: An Hlm Meta-Analytic Investigation, Gregory V. Boerio Edd, Karen H. Larwin

Journal of Organizational & Educational Leadership

The purpose of the current investigation is to analyze existing research examining the impact of play therapy on the development of language skills in young children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). As rates of ASD diagnoses continue to increase, families and educators are faced with making critical decisions regarding the selection and implementation of evidence-based practices or therapies, including play-based interventions, to support the developing child as early as 18 months of age. The following study investigates whether play-based interventions should be considered as effective means of increasing language development in young children with ASD. The study examines specific moderators …

The Sacrifice Gap: Examining The Influence Of Family Expectations And Institutional Barriers Impacting Women's Leadership In Higher Education, Tara K. Shollenberger

Journal of Organizational & Educational Leadership

Despite constituting the majority of mid-level academic professionals and outpacing men in educational attainment, women remain significantly underrepresented in senior leadership roles across higher education. This mixed-methods (n=20) study explores the “sacrifice gap”-the disproportionate personal, professional, and economic costs women bear to reach leadership positions-by centering the lived experiences of women leaders navigating the intersection of family expectations, institutional barriers, and identity-based discrimination. Quantitative survey data from women in higher education leadership reveal that caregiving roles such as motherhood, partnership, and household management are perceived as moderate but persistent hindrances to career advancement, with these roles functioning as interconnected, systemic …

Framework Integration In Academia: Moving From Theory To Practice, Lori B. Doyle, Kara S. Bratton, Timothy Young, Catherine Webb, Cari A. Chittick, Heather L. Vezner, Rebecca A. Stanton, Tanya M. Tarbutton

Journal of Organizational & Educational Leadership

Character education has been a point of focus and research in K-12 education dating back to the 1990s. The work of integrating a character-forward framework in higher education is now considered a beneficial and impactful practice. One university has successfully completed the initial work of integrating a servant leadership framework in the School of Education using an approach in line with the community of practice model. The authors of this paper work together and have each played a key role in not only the early stages but the ongoing phases associated with maintaining and improving. This theory-to-practice article begins with …

A Preliminary Assessment Of Educational Leaders’ Knowledge About School Counseling, Russell A. Sabella, Onder Koklu, Ann L. Tilman, Krista Bixler, Maureen Ungarean

Journal of Organizational & Educational Leadership

The roles and responsibilities of school counselors have rapidly evolved, especially over the last three decades. During this time, the American School Counselor Association (ASCA) has published many documents, including a program framework, standards, position statements, tools, and training materials to help school counselors fulfill their responsibilities. In particular, the ASCA National Model: A Framework for School Counseling Programs was developed to guide school counselors in defining, managing, delivering, and assessing a comprehensive school counseling program (CSCP) that aligns with educational goals and addresses the needs of students. Educational leaders who understand the nature of a CSCP stand to hire, …

A Dutch Translation And Multidimensional Structure Of The Adjustment Scales For Early Transition In Schooling, Robert Hamerslag, Ron Oostdam, Ruben Fukkink, Louis Tavecchio, Paul A. Mcdermott, Zoey Kim

Archives of Assessment Psychology

This study introduces and applies the Dutch translation of the Adjustment Scales for Early Transition in Schooling (ASETS), assessed in 323 kindergarten children across 30 regular schools in the Netherlands. Culturally-tailored, context-informed assessments are essential to address childhood adaptation challenges in early schooling. Starting with a professional translation and back-translation of the ASETS by a translation bureau, a panel of kindergarten teachers critically reviewed the translated items. They ensured reliability, contextual accuracy, and addressed nuances in Dutch school terminology, bridging cultural differences between U.S. and Dutch educational settings. The analysis included Exploratory Factor Analysis, revealing three behavioral problem categories: Aggressive/Oppositional, …

Multi-Device Asynchronous Distributed Compute Framework Of Llm Layers For Cascaded Inference, Na

Defensive Publications Series

Large language models (LLMs) operating in a server-client framework can incur high latency, particularly for complex queries. This disclosure describes a framework to serially distribute LLM inference layers between compute nodes based on just-in-time query optimization. The division of the transformer layers is parametrized using the number of compute nodes and the frequencies of the queries to enable optimal asynchronous operation for LLM task completion. Due to the asynchronous nature of the described distributed computing and inference, latent and direct queries do not compete with each other, thereby reducing the latency for LLM task completion.

Auto-Spatializing Environments, Dongeek Shin, Nooshin Mojab

Defensive Publications Series

A three-dimensional (3D) experience, in the context of virtual or augmented reality, seeks to replicate the way humans perceive the real world. A true 3D experience typically involves a complete 3D model of the environment, where every object has defined geometry, texture, and position in space. However, creating these fully-realized 3D environments is resource-intensive, requiring significant computational power for real-time rendering and complex algorithms for asset creation. This can be a major bottleneck for applications that need to generate a wide variety of immersive backdrops quickly.

An alternative to the 3D experience is a "3D-like" experience, often referred to as …

Camera-Based Virtual Input, Weichung Chang

Defensive Publications Series

Conventional input methods for compact electronic devices, such as on-screen virtual keyboards, suffer from limitations including cramped layouts, a lack of tactile feedback, and unsuitability for touchless environments like augmented reality. These issues often lead to frequent typing errors and reduced usability for complex tasks. To address these and other challenges, a camera-based virtual input method is described. Using the camera of a device, images of a user's hand and finger movements may be captured as they tap on any surface or imitate typing in the air. A prediction model analyzes these movements, not as absolute positions, but as relative …

An Information-Algebra Framework For An Ai-Driven User Interface, D Shin

Defensive Publications Series

Large language models (LLMs) can be accessed and interacted with via a multimodal chat interface. LLMs can enhance user productivity and information organization. This disclosure describes techniques that extend the interface of the LLM to a beyond-the-chat, free-form interface. The interface utilizes an information algebra framework for LLMs on structured input and output such as sticky notes, symbols, tags, etc. using custom fine-tuned routing models to determine user intent. A suitably intuitive meaning is assigned to ‘add,’ ‘subtract,’ and similar algebra-like operations on structured input and output. As the model matures and reads user intent more accurately, human-AI interactions are …

A System, Method, And Computer Program Product For Dynamically Adjusting Currencies Using Machine-Learning Models, Libby A. Kurien, Joshua Quiroz

Defensive Publications Series

This paper proposes a novel approach of using real time sentiment analysis based on retrieval augmented generation (RAG) for foreign exchange (forex) pricing. It argues that large language models (LLMs) can capture the semantic and emotional aspects of news articles and social media posts that affect the forex market dynamics. Traditional forex trading relies heavily on technical and fundamental analysis. However, the advent of big data and sophisticated text analysis techniques using LLMs have opened up new avenues for analyzing market sentiments in real time that can be extended to Forex. LLMs when used in combination with RAG, an architectural …

Intercept & Solve For Printer Offline, Hp Inc

Defensive Publications Series

This disclosure pertains to the domain of network connectivity, with a focus on methods for identifying the causes of printer offline issues and assisting customers by delivering troubleshooting support through a chat-bot.

Hierarchical Path-Based Signal Generation For Content Recommendations, Tamojit Chatterjee, Shravan Nayak

Defensive Publications Series

Generating recommendation signals for media content items that have good coverage and that include details about the media content item may be challenging, especially for a large media content universe. In some cases, sparse signals may fail to capture nuanced relationships between different media content items, leading to less effective media content recommendations. Existing methods for generating more abstract signals may involve significant manual effort and/or complex data extraction processes.

The disclosed technology for an improved recommendation system addresses these limitations by using hierarchical clustering of media content items (e.g., movies, television shows, short form videos, etc.). The recommendation system …

Using Off-The-Shelf Llm Prompting For Query And Subquery Intent Quality Evaluation, Pulkit Jain, Josh Ain, Vy Thuy Nguyen, Lin Dong, John Cockrell, Aditya Mone, Tushar Chugh

Defensive Publications Series

Evaluation of search query and subquery quality can be beneficial for information retrieval systems, as some evaluation methods that use human raters may be time-consuming, costly, and difficult to scale. This disclosure describes a method and system for automating query quality evaluation that may use a prompted, off-the-shelf large language model (LLM). A process can begin by creating a small, curated "golden dataset" of positive and negative examples, for instance, from historical human ratings. This dataset can then be used to engineer a detailed prompt to guide an LLM to perform classification tasks on new query-subquery pairs, such as identifying …

Self-Learning, Iterative Agent For Root Cause Analysis Of Service Failures, N/A

Defensive Publications Series

A learning agent designed to automate the root cause analysis (RCA) of failures within complex distributed systems. The agent can be configured to perform iterative generation and investigation of hypotheses. When a service failure alert is triggered, the agent may ingest data from various sources, including live monitoring data and historical incident records. Based on this information, the agent may be configured to formulate a ranked list of potential hypotheses for the cause of the failure. The agent then may be configured to systematically investigate each hypothesis by gathering and analyzing evidence from relevant data sources until a root cause …

Tariff Forecasting To Inform Dynamic Pricing And Advertising Bidding For Online Retail, Kshitij Gaikar, Pushkar Mittal

Defensive Publications Series

A system is described for addressing challenges related to international trade tariffs in e-commerce. The system is configured to ingest global tariff schedules, including published future changes, and can use an artificial intelligence (AI) model to map retailer product stock-keeping units (SKUs) to Harmonized System (HS) codes to assist in determining applicable tariffs. The system may then calculate current and anticipated landed costs. This analysis can be used to generate pricing and advertising bid recommendations for retailers and to provide proactive alerts to consumers about potential upcoming tariff-driven price adjustments. Such features may support price and advertising efficiency for retailers …

A System For Disambiguating Code-Switched Speech Using Visual Context, Mithun Kumar S R

Defensive Publications Series

Natural Language Understanding systems can encounter challenges when resolving lexical ambiguity in code-switched speech, particularly with inter-language homonyms that may be phonetically similar or identical but have different meanings. These challenges can be compounded by a reliance on audio-only input, which may not capture environmental context that can be beneficial for disambiguation. The disclosed method addresses this by concurrently processing an audio stream containing a user's utterance and a video stream capturing the user's visual context. The system can be configured to identify potential homonyms in the transcribed speech and to extract semantic tags, such as for objects or scenes, …

Managing Device States Based On Notification And User Context, Harshad Dhabu, Abhijit Adsule

Defensive Publications Series

Computing devices, such as wearable devices, may experience increased power consumption due to device wake-ups associated with high-priority notifications, and some notification management systems can offer limited granular control, for example, by muting notifications on a per-application basis. This disclosure describes a system for context-aware notification handling where alerts may be processed as silent by default. A decision-making engine can analyze a user's context, such as current activity and location, and a notification's context, including its content, sender, and origin application. By combining these factors, the system can determine whether to trigger a device wake-up for a notification that meets …

Container-Based Management Of Ephemeral Applications, Harshad Dhabu, Abhijit Adsule

Defensive Publications Series

The persistent installation of infrequently used applications on a computing device, such as a smartphone or wearable device, may consume storage and processing resources, and some management techniques may not fully address related issues like visual clutter in an application launcher. A method is described for managing applications through a container system that can facilitate on-demand, ephemeral execution. When a user launches an application, a system may dynamically provision an available version from a source, such as a remote application repository, and execute it within an isolated container. Upon session completion or following a period of inactivity, the system can …

Coordinated Data Collection For Event Correlation Analysis, Theodore Obbard, David Phillips

Defensive Publications Series

Independent random sampling of different data types in large-scale applications can make it difficult to analyze correlations between separate events because the data points are often collected independently. The disclosed method provides a system for coordinated data sampling that can be managed by a client-side library. Designated 'data provider' events, such as a page load, may trigger a temporary 'coordinated mode' based on a configurable sample rate. When this mode is active, multiple, distinct 'data consumer' points across the application lifecycle can be instructed to log their granular data for a given session. When not in coordinated mode, these data …

Decomposition Of Website Interactions Into Executable Semantic Functions, Emrick Donadei, Kalyan Desineni, Alan Pham, Kaushik Sethuraman

Defensive Publications Series

Automated agents can experience inefficiency and brittleness when performing tasks on websites, as some user interface (UI) automation methods can be slow or fragile, and public APIs may be incomplete or unavailable. This disclosure describes a method for decomposing website interactions into executable semantic functions through an offline process. The method can involve tracing a user task to collect interaction data, such as UI events, network traffic, and JavaScript execution details. A large language model can analyze this trace to identify logic and components associated with the task. From this analysis, a self-contained, executable function can be generated. This process …

Systems And Methods For Translating Mixed-Language Audio, Mithun Kumar S R

Defensive Publications Series

Some real-time speech translation systems are architected for monolingual input and can encounter challenges, such as transcription errors or increased latency, when processing code-switched speech. The disclosed method describes a system for real-time interpretation that can ingest a raw audio stream and utilize a dual-axis model to concurrently identify both a spoken word and its language of origin. This process can produce a token stream with associated language identifiers. A subsequent syntactic bridge module can analyze this mixed-language stream to generate a language-independent grammatical representation of the utterance's semantic content. This abstract structure may then be used to synthesize a …

Ada-Application Of Decision Analysis For Developing A Healthcare System To Predict Fetal Health, Melfi Alrasheedi, Theyazn.H.H Aldhyani

Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics

A fatal health condition involves an unborn baby that persists throughout the embryonic stage until delivery. The fetus grows and develops during each trimester of pregnancy. Obstetricians may detect fetal anomalies and select medical interventions based on cardiotocogram (CTG) data. However, the obstetrician's visual assessment of CTG data can sometimes be subjective or inaccurate. Therefore, automated analysis using machine learning approaches for CTG data is essential. This research employs decision analysis techniques, including decision trees (DT), gradient boosting (GB), and type-2 fuzzy neural networks (FNN), for prenatal analysis and prediction. The system was tested using a standard dataset consisting of …

Retracted: Hotspot Issue Handling And Reliable Data Forwarding Technique For Ocean Underwater Sensor Networks, Omar Adil Mahdi, Yusor Rafid Bahar Al-Mayouf, Sameer Sami Hassan Al-Obaidi, Bourair Al-Attar, Hamed Balogun, Suleman Khan

Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics

Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) have emerged as a promising technology for a wide range of ocean monitoring applications. The UWSNs suffer from unique challenges of the underwater environment, such as dynamic and sparse network topology, which can easily lead to a partitioned network. This results in hotspot formation and the absence of the routing path from the source to the destination. Therefore, to optimize the network lifetime and limit the possibility of hotspot formation along the data transmission path, the need to plan a traffic-aware protocol is raised. In this research, we propose a traffic-aware routing protocol called PG-RES, …