Digital Commons Network^™

Spices On The Winds Of Trade: The Postcolonial Geopolitics Of Food In Amitav Ghosh’S Fiction And Non-Fiction, Suhasini Vincent

The Journal of International Relations, Peace Studies, and Development

In The Nutmeg’s Curse: Parables for a Planet in Crisis, Amitav Ghosh traces the journey of spices from the Spice Islands, or the Moluccas in Indonesia to Europe. Nestled between Celebes and New Guinea, these islands with their rich volcanic soil, emerged as the epicentre of global spice production, offering the world mace, nutmeg, cloves, and pepper in the 16th century. The nutmeg’s two hemispheres hold hidden meaning in today’s world: one shell portraying its commercial merits as a spice and the other elusive crust remaining open to interpretation. The inconspicuous nutmeg, a coveted spice during the ‘Spice Race’, …

Privacy And Data Protection In Africa: An Analysis Of The Adequacy Of The Nigerian Data Protection Laws, Nneoma G. Chimeziri

The Journal of International Relations, Peace Studies, and Development

The concept of personal data is rooted in the universal human right to privacy and confidentiality. In today’s jurisprudence, the right to privacy is paramount, especially in light of evolving technological advancements. The European Union General Data Protection Regulation (EU GDPR), implemented in 2018, established a global standard for the collecting, using, storing and processing of personal data. This development prompted numerous countries, including several African nations, to address data protection concerns, particularly in transborder data transfer.

African countries faced significant challenges in this endeavor as they grappled with inadequate laws, enforcement mechanisms, and technological infrastructure. Recognizing the legal and …

Shuttle Diplomacy As A Mechanism For Conflict Resolution: A Comprehensive Study, Dare Isaac Akindoyin

The Journal of International Relations, Peace Studies, and Development

Shuttle diplomacy is a distinctive form of international negotiation in which an intermediary, often a third-party mediator, travels between conflicting parties to facilitate communication and help resolve disputes. This study aims to comprehensively explore shuttle diplomacy as an effective mechanism for conflict resolution in global diplomacy. It examines the historical evolution of shuttle diplomacy, starting from its early use by figures like Henry Kissinger during the 1970s Middle East peace process, to its application in contemporary international conflicts. The paper analyses key case studies, including its use in the Iran nuclear negotiations, Sudan-South Sudan conflict and the Brexit. Through a …

Navigating Divergence: Principle Or Pragmatism? The Us’ Executive Order On Ai And Its Implications For Us - Eu Governance, Terre Lundy

The Journal of International Relations, Peace Studies, and Development

President Trump’s Executive Order 14179: Removing Barriers to American Leadership in Artificial Intelligence issued in January 2025, indicates a significant shift from the United States’ alignment with EU AI and Digital policies. Replacing former President Biden’s EO 14110, which emphasized the safe, secure, and trustworthy development of AI, interagency coordination, and oversight, the new directive favors deregulation, industry-led innovation and securing US global AI dominance. Grounded in America First principles, Executive Order 14179 signifies a clear departure from multilateral AI cooperation, raising significant concerns about the future of AI development and deployment. This article examines the implications of Executive Order …

Constitutional Dictatorship And Enemies Within: A Constitutional And Historical Analysis Of The Alien And Sedition Acts From John Adams To Donald Trump, Robert T.F. Downes

The Journal of International Relations, Peace Studies, and Development

This article traces the historical evolution of U.S. presidential emergency powers, examining how successive administrations have exploited national crises to consolidate executive authority and target perceived “enemies within” by criminalizing immigration, suppressing dissent, and suspending constitutional rights and liberties — including due process — in the name of national security. It begins by defining key concepts — constitutional dictatorship, states of exception, imperial presidency, and unitary executive theory — and situates these concepts within long-standing critiques of the U.S. Constitution’s flawed, anti-democratic design. The analysis surveys historical episodes, including John Adams’s 1798 Alien and Sedition Acts, Abraham …

New Deals In Southeast Asia: Women’S Leadership In Asean Under The Shadow Of America First, Ian Magowan

The Journal of International Relations, Peace Studies, and Development

This paper examines how ASEAN states strategically recalibrate gender governance amid U.S. hegemonic retrenchment following Donald Trump’s 2024 reelection. Bridging feminist international relations, comparative institutionalism, and political economy, it theorizes strategic gender mainstreaming—the instrumental repurposing of gender norms by states to sustain legitimacy while navigating geopolitical realignment. Using original panel data (2000–2024) and multi-model regression techniques, including fixed effects, instrumental variables, and vector autoregression, the study demonstrates that U.S. aid withdrawal produces regime-contingent effects: democratic regimes increase women’s parliamentary representation, while hybrid regimes experience decline. Contrary to linear norm diffusion theories, findings reveal that Chinese trade engagement—despite lacking explicit …

Foreign Aid, Economic Dependency, And Disaster Management: A Case Study Of Rural Kenya, Boris Valiance

The Journal of International Relations, Peace Studies, and Development

No abstract provided.

10th Edition Introduction, Ags Conference Team

The Journal of International Relations, Peace Studies, and Development

We are proud to present the tenth annual issue of The Journal of International Relations, Peace Studies, and Development, produced in collaboration with the AGS International Graduate Student Conference 2025, “Trump 2.0: Reshuffling the International Deck.”

The reelection of Donald Trump has sent seismic shifts through the international order, challenging long-standing alliances, diplomatic norms, and the very architecture of global governance. This issue offers an urgent and critical examination of how a reinforced “America First” doctrine may redefine international relations, trade, security, and multilateral cooperation.

Set against a backdrop of escalating global crises—from climate change and armed conflict to …

Effect Of Fine Particle Peening Induced Material Transfer On The Initial Deposition Behavior Of Nickel Electroplating On Aluminum Substrate, Kazuki Iijima, Yutaka Kameyama, Hideaki Sato, Shuhei Kodama

15th International Conference on Shot Peening

Plating on aluminum requires a complex zincate pretreatment. Fine Particle Peening (FPP), using particles ≤200 µm, has gained attention as an alternative due to its ability to transfer particle components onto the surface, potentially improving deposition and adhesion. Previous studies showed enhanced plating on aluminum treated with steel particles. This study investigates the effectiveness of FPP as a pretreatment for nickel electroplating by examining initial deposition behavior. A1050-H24 aluminum was treated using FPP with either steel or glass particles, compared to an untreated specimen. Steel particle FPP created a lamellar microstructure with alternating iron and aluminum phases. EBSD revealed that …

The Effect Of Surface Treatment On The Fatigue Strength Of Sus316l Additive Manufactured Products, Hitoshi Nishijima, Yuji Kobayashi, Toshiya Tsuji, Kiyotaka Masaki

15th International Conference on Shot Peening

Rotating bending fatigue tests were conducted to investigate the effect of shot peening and barrel finishing on fatigue properties of SUS316L made by laser PBF which was one of additive manufacturing processes. Surface roughness, residual stress, and fatigue strength were investigated for each specimen. As a result, the fatigue strength of the barrel finished specimens was almost same or better than that of the shot peened specimens. Barrel finished specimens increased 4.1 times higher fatigue strength than as-built specimens. The surface roughness of the specimens after barrel finishing was reduced by up to 96% compared to the as-built specimens. On …

Ditch Tradition...And Move To Case-Based Learning, Emily Dane-Staples

The COSMA Journal

Recent criticisms of higher education include a lack of relevance and alignment with what employers are seeking in new hires. A lecture-based approach to teaching has proved less effective than other active learning strategies and does not adequately mimic the working environment sport professionals face. To better align the classroom and the workplace, a case-based learning approach can be used. This pedagogy blends high impact practices that have been demonstrated to assist students in knowledge acquisition and soft skill development by replacing traditional lecture and chapter readings with real-life scenarios that require student engagement with concepts in application. The technique …

The Effect Of An Educational Program Based On Social Learning On The Acquisition Of National And Citizenship Education Concepts Among 10th Grade Students In Jordan, Nawaf Abu Tayeh, Kawthar Al-Shabbatat

Jordan Journal of Applied Science-Humanities Series

This study aimed to examine the effect of an educational program based on social learning on the acquisition of national and citizenship education concepts among tenth-grade students in Jordan. The study sample consisted of 68 students from Prince Muhammad Secondary School, affiliated with the Directorate of Education in Al-Jafr, during the 2019/2020 academic year. The sample was divided into an experimental group (33 students) and a control group (35 students). A concepts scale and a guide for implementing the educational program based on social learning were developed, and their validity and reliability were confirmed. ANCOVA was used for data analysis. …

The Training Needs Of Private School Principals In Al-Jamea District, Amman, In Light Of The Arab Organization For Quality Assurance In Education, Hanaa Al-Alali, Ahmad Rathwan

Jordan Journal of Applied Science-Humanities Series

The study aimed to determine the training needs of private school principals in Al-Jamea District, Amman, in relation to the Arab Organization for Quality Assurance in Education, from the principals' own perspectives. It also sought to identify whether there are significant statistical differences in these perceptions based on variables such as gender, educational qualification, and years of experience at a significance level of (α = 0.05). The sample comprised 138 principals. A descriptive survey approach was used, and the researchers developed a questionnaire with 60 items to gather the necessary data. The results indicated that principals' perceptions of their training …

The Legal System For Abolishing Public Office: A Comparative Study, Muamar Salameh, Noor Al-Hindi

Jordan Journal of Applied Science-Humanities Series

This study examines the legal framework for abolishing public offices through a comparative approach by discussing the concept of civil service abolition, outlining the conditions for such an action, clarifying the implications of job cancellation, and addressing the administrative judiciary’s stance on decisions related to employee dismissal due to job abolition. The findings indicate that administrative authorities must organize public utilities, which may include laying off employees when a department or unit is abolished. Administrative demobilization is a legal license granted to the government, terminating the employment relationship outside disciplinary procedures. When exercised to serve the public interest, such decisions …

The Effectiveness Of A Proposed Learning Program Using Selected Teaching Methods On Learning Basic Volleyball Skills Among Students Of The Faculty Of Physical Education At An-Najah National University, Mahmoud Al-Atrash, Rafat Al-Tibi, Laila Salem

Jordan Journal of Applied Science-Humanities Series

This study aimed to examine the effect of a proposed educational program based on reciprocal and multi-level teaching methods on learning basic volleyball skills among female students at the Faculty of Physical Education, An-Najah National University. The study sample consisted of 22 students enrolled in the volleyball (1) course, with an average age of 18.3 years. The researchers employed a quasi-experimental design using pre- and post-tests to achieve the study’s objectives. The sample was divided into two experimental groups: the first group was taught using the reciprocal method, while the second group was taught using the multi-level method. Pre-tests of …

The Educational Role Of Teachers And The Challenges They Face In Developing A Culture Of Confronting Intellectual Extremism Among High School Students In Amman, Ibrahim Al-Zyoud, Abdul Salam Al-Awamreh

Jordan Journal of Applied Science-Humanities Series

The study aimed to assess the reality of the educational role among secondary school teachers in Amman in addressing and developing a culture to confront intellectual extremism. Using the descriptive approach, a questionnaire with 61 items was developed to achieve the aims of this study. The study sample consisted of 350 students in Amman enrolled during the academic year 2019/2020. The results indicated that the level of the educational role among secondary school teachers was moderate. Differences in the level of the educational role among teachers in Amman were attributed to gender, favoring males, and to specialization, favoring vocational specialization. …

The Effectiveness Of Bibliotherapy On Improving Satisfaction With Body Image And Reducing Cognitive Biases Among A Sample Of Female Adolescents, Ahmad Al-Sharifin, Nour Bani Fayadh

Jordan Journal of Applied Science-Humanities Series

The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of bibliotherapy in improving body image and reducing cognitive biases in a sample of adolescent girls. The study sample consisted of 30 female students, who were randomly assigned to two groups. To achieve the study's objectives, two scales were used to measure satisfaction with body image and cognitive biases, alongside a student's bibliotherapy manual. The results showed an improvement in body image post-test scores among the experimental group compared to the control group. The results also indicated that cognitive biases post-test scores in the experimental group decreased from a high level to a …

The Degree Of Practice Of Human Resources Management Skills By Educational Supervisors In Arab Society Within The Green Line, In Light Of Quality Standards, Sohela Asfour, Nouwar Al-Hamad

Jordan Journal of Applied Science-Humanities Series

The goal of this study was to examine the extent to which educational supervisors practice human resources management skills among Arab society within the Green Line, in light of quality standards. A descriptive survey approach was employed. For data collection, a questionnaire was designed, consisting of 35 items on a 5-point Likert scale. The study sample included 165 school principals randomly selected from schools in the targeted region, as well as all 72 educational supervisors in that region (comprehensive survey). Results indicated that the level of practice of human resources management skills among supervisors was high. Furthermore, the findings revealed …

The Challenges Faced By Teachers In Administering Specially Developed Classes In East Jerusalem Schools, Seham Al-Tibi, Nouwar Al-Hamad

Jordan Journal of Applied Science-Humanities Series

This study aimed to identify the challenges faced by teachers in administering specially developed classes in East Jerusalem schools from the teachers’ perspective. A descriptive survey approach was employed, targeting a sample of 125 male and female teachers in the region. Data were collected using a questionnaire consisting of 57 items. Three independent variables were examined: teacher’s gender, educational stage, and years of experience. The results indicated that teachers perceived the level of challenges as high. Additionally, significant statistical differences were found at the (α = 0.05) level between the means of two domains—school administration and teacher—in relation to the …

The Degree Of Compliance Of Higher Education Institutions With Academic Accreditation And Quality Standards In West Bank Universities: Perspectives Of Academic Leaders And Faculty Members, Rawan Siaj, Kayed Salameh

Jordan Journal of Applied Science-Humanities Series

This study aimed to assess the extent to which higher education institutions in West Bank universities are committed to implementing academic accreditation and quality standards, as perceived by academic leaders and faculty members. The sample comprised 659 educational leaders and faculty members, selected through a random sampling method. To achieve the study’s objectives, a descriptive survey approach was employed, using a questionnaire with 40 items. The results indicated a moderate level of commitment among higher education institutions to applying academic accreditation and quality standards. Significant statistical differences were found at the (α = 0.05) level regarding commitment levels based on …

The Impact Of Implementing International Financial Reporting Standard (Ifrs) 16 On Enhancing The Quality Of Accounting Information, Abdelrahman Khattab, Mahmoud Nassar

Jordan Journal of Applied Science-Humanities Series

This study aims to examine International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) 16, related to leases, and its impact on the quality of accounting information, particularly regarding relevance and faithful representation. The previous standard, IAS 17, faced challenges, notably the failure to recognize operating leases as assets and liabilities on the balance sheet, which hindered an accurate depiction of a company's financial position. The introduction of IFRS 16 addresses these issues and is considered a positive step toward improving financial reporting by enhancing the quality of accounting information. A descriptive analytical approach was employed, utilizing a questionnaire distributed to external auditors. One …

Enhancing The Fatigue Strength Of Am Materials Via Mechanical Surface Treatment, Fabian Keil, Jan Schubnell, Sascha Fliegener, Alexander Heiss

15th International Conference on Shot Peening

Additive manufacturing (AM) processes, while enabling the production of intricate geometries, frequently result in suboptimal surface quality, which can significantly restrict the fatigue strength of components when compared to those manufactured using traditional methods. This study explores the effectiveness of mechanical surface treatment (MST) techniques, specifically shot peening and deep rolling, in enhancing the fatigue performance of additively manufactured AlSi10Mg and 316L alloys. A combination of experimental investigations and finite element simulations was employed to evaluate the influence of these treatments on surface integrity, microstructure, and fatigue life. The results reveal that both MST approaches lead to substantial improvements in …

Dynamic Flowsheet Modeling Of Shot Peening Processes, Langdon Feltner, Paul Mort

15th International Conference on Shot Peening

Process flowsheet modeling is used to map and predict performance by integrating sub-models within a system. This paper presents a dynamic flowsheet for shot peening used to track the effects of media characteristics, removal of worn media, and replenishment thereof. Input parameters include media characteristics, media feed rate, velocity (i.e., air pressure), effective impact area (i.e., nozzle setup), and recharge replenishment. The media working mix is described dynamically using tri-modal size and shape characteristics: as-manufactured, conditioned, and worn modes, each having impact-dependent rate coefficients for transition to the next mode, i.e., as-manufactured > conditioned > worn > debris. The flowsheet includes the effect …

Expansion Of Laser Peening Application With A High-Power Microchip Laser On A Robotic Arm, Yuji Sano, Yoshio Mizuta, Satoshi Tamaki, Tomonao Hosokai, Tomoharu Kato, Yoshihiro Sakino, Volker Schneidau, Sebastian Holz, Jörg Behler

15th International Conference on Shot Peening

Laser peening (LP) introduces compressive residual stress (RS) onto the surface of metallic materials using nanosecond laser pulses irradiated through a water layer, thereby effectively suppressing fatigue crack initiation. However, conventional LP systems require large, stationary setups, restricting their use to indoor environments. To overcome this limitation, a portable LP device featuring a finger-sized microchip laser mounted on a collaborative robot arm has been developed. Equipped with a compact power supply and a water circulation/recovery system, the device can operate on-site with minimal setup. Successful processing across various materials has confirmed both compressive RS induction and fatigue life extension. Notably, …

Tv Versus Video Games: Their Distinctive Effects On Adolescent Behavior And Academic Achievement, Faiaz Rahman, Kathy L. Schuh

Mid-Western Educational Researcher

The current paper uses data collected from a publicly available, nationally representative data set to examine the effects of TV viewing and video gaming on adolescent behavioral problems and cognitive achievement. Results revealed that extended hours of TV viewing were associated with greater anxiety/depression and antisocial problems. On the other hand, extended hours of video gaming were associated with higher reading comprehension scores. Differing effects of TV viewing and gameplay by an individual’s sex was also found during the analysis. It is also important to note that the opposite effects that the two media has on outcomes, indicate that, although …

Effects Of Laser Peening On Fatigue Properties Of Welded Aluminum Thin Plates, Kiyotaka Masaki, Yoshio Mizuta, Satoshi Tamaki, Yuji Sano

15th International Conference on Shot Peening

To improve the fatigue properties of welded aluminum alloy thin plates used in transportation machinery, handheld laser peening (HH-LP) was applied to 2 mm-thick A5083-O specimens prepared by bead-on TIG welding. Conventional laser peening often causes warping in thin plates, but the HH-LP treatment using low-energy laser pulses avoids this problem. The HH-LP treatment introduced compressive residual stresses of over 200 MPa on the heat-affected zone (HAZ) of the welded specimens. Fatigue tests under plane bending conditions revealed that the HH-LP treatment significantly improved the fatigue strength of the welded specimens, achieving a level comparable to that of the base …

Origin And Interpretation Of Psi-Splitting And Out Of Plane Shear Stress When Using Diffraction Techniques, Mohammed Belassel, James A. Pineault, Michael E. Brauss

15th International Conference on Shot Peening

Psi-splitting is a phenomenon often observed in interplanar d-spacing vs. sin²ψ plots during the analysis of residual stress measurement data when employing the X-ray diffraction (XRD) method. Deviations from the expected linear relationship between interplanar d-spacing and sin²ψ are typically caused by the presence of out-of-plane shear stresses or inhomogeneous stress distributions within the measured phase of the material. In such cases, the d-spacing values measured at different ψ tilt angles deviate from the anticipated linear trend, resulting in a characteristic splitting of the d-spacing vs. sin²ψ plot data, where the shape of the data in the plot takes the …

Identifying Barriers And Creating Resources To Improve Participation In Competitive Adaptive Rock Climbing, Amy C. Griswold, Susan Macdermott

Student Journal of Occupational Therapy

The purpose of this project was to (1) identify barriers to participation in competitive adaptive rock climbing for adults with a physical disability and (2) create and distribute virtual educational resources to meet identified barriers. The need for this project was highlighted by athlete and coach self-report of limited ability to engage in competitive adaptive rock climbing, also known as paraclimbing. The sample consisted of 108 adaptive athletes, adaptive rock-climbing coaches, staff members in rock climbing gyms, and volunteers at adaptive rock-climbing events. Participants anonymously completed a ten-minute mixed methods virtual survey using Microsoft Forms. Thematic and inferential statistical analyses …

"Grand And A Glorious Day," Song Lyrics, 1994, Bill Gessner

Bill Gessner Song Lyrics and Poems

Lyrics for "Grand and a Glorious Day" by Bill Gessner. The song was written in 1994 during the Holiday season. Gessner (1947-2019) graduated from UND in 1969 and was a major figure in the co-op grocery industry. He was also a musician and guitar player who composed many songs.

Editorial Page, Jcehe

Journal of Community Engagement and Higher Education

List of issue editors and reviewers