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The Influence Of Familiarization On Countermovement Rebound Jump Metrics In Division Iii College Athletes, Kevin Kirschbaum

Doctorate in Kinesiology

The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of familiarization on the strategy, outcome, and kinetic variables of the countermovement rebound jump (CMRJ) and compare these responses with those of the traditional countermovement jump (CMJ) in Division III collegiate athletes. A randomized controlled design was used in which participants were assigned to either a familiarization group that completed five consecutive CMRJ testing sessions or a control group that completed baseline and final testing only. The analyzed variables included rebound ground contact time, rebound stiffness, rebound reactive strength index (RSI), CMRJ jump height, peak propulsive force, and peak braking …

The End-Of-Life Option Most People Don’T Know About: Is It Legal?, Pamela Bucy Pierson

Idaho Law Review

This article is about an end-of-life option that many people have not heard of: Voluntary Stopping Eating and Drinking (VSED). With VSED, a person deliberately ceases intake of food and fluid to hasten their death. VSED is a peaceful, pain-free end-of-life option chosen by an increasing number of individuals in their last chapter of life who are suffering from chronic, incurable, progressively debilitating diseases. While there is considerable scholarship on the lawfulness of VSED, there is confusion in the existing literature on whether VSED is suicide, and on the related question whether individuals who provide comfort and care to VSED …

Cheap Talk, Deepfakes, Epistemic Injustice, False Light, And Free Speech, Cosim Sayid

Idaho Law Review

Defamation is a more or less effective tool in tort law to stop damage to one’s reputation, which can be grievous and even lead to a death of despair, but its scope is limited to content that’s literally false. Much reputational harm does not proceed via literally false content; it is a matter of images or what’s implied. Against this opponent an effective False Light tort is of much use when properly understood as a reputational—rather than privacy—tort. False Light can be wielded against conversational implicature as well as deepfakes. It fulfills our moral imperative to not succumb to cheap …

Great Crypto Vanishing Act: Illusory Contracts And The Economic Loss Rule, Henry H. Perritt Jr.

Idaho Law Review

Cryptocurrencies have gained respectability with enactment of the federal GENIUS Act, which lays a regulatory foundation for the safest type of cryptocurrency, stablecoins, while leaving significant uncertainty with respect to unbacked crypto assets like Bitcoin and other cryptomoney and crypto investments that do not come within the GENUIS Act’s scope. The vulnerability of cryptocurrencies to wild fluctuations in value and to outright collapse are legion. The GENIUS Act may tame some actors who choose to operate within its framework, but many questions remain.

Legal remedies available to victims of cryptocurrency mishaps, from exchange collapses to issuer fraud, depend heavily on …

The Federal Rules Of Evidence And Adjudicating Truth To Power, Susan H. Bitensky

Idaho Law Review

No abstract provided.

Child Protection Across Cultural Borders: Is Child Neglect Culture-Specific? Should It Be?, David Pimentel, Meeka C. Woods

Idaho Law Review

No abstract provided.

Intercountry Adoptions In South Africa And Uganda: Do Different Contracting Statuses Relative To The Hague Convention Matter?, Joseph Isanga

Idaho Law Review

No abstract provided.

Marriage Jurisdiction Under European Union Law: Cross-Border Recognition Of Ecclesiastical Decisions, Carmen Garcimartín

Idaho Law Review

No abstract provided.

Flexibility And Resistance Of Family Law In France And Other European Countries In The Context Of The Internationalization Of The Family And Of Family Law, Sylwia Castillo-Wyszogrodzka

Idaho Law Review

The international mobility of individuals requires legal orders to adjust their jurisprudence and legal practice. The evolution of family law oscillates between internationalization and protection of national identity. This phenomenon is particularly striking in Europe, where individuals enjoy the right to move and reside freely within the European Union and where family law is influenced by the European Court of Human Rights and the Court of Justice of the European Union.

The state reduces its authority to comply with new requirements and gives individuals more power to create their own family bonds. Many questions arise around the legal recognition of …

Idaho Law Review 62.2

Idaho Law Review

No abstract provided.

Vt‑Tce V1.0 — Standalone Buildable Disclosure Vortex‑Tube Thermal Conditioning Engine A Passive Hot/Cold Separation Thermal‑Conditioning System For Remote Energy Installations, Michael Victor Caldwell Mr.

Defensive Publications Series

VT‑TCE v1.0 is a builder‑ready, open‑hardware, standalone thermal‑conditioning engine based on:

• vortex‑tube hot/cold separation

• passive thermal routing

• synthetic‑coolant compatibility

• hot‑stream buffering

• cold‑stream electronics/sensor cooling

It is designed for remote energy installations, providing:

• cold‑stream electronics cooling

• hot‑stream thermal buffering

• auxiliary heat routing

• passive thermal stabilization

This version contains no external invention references and is fully buildable and testable by engineering teams.

Self-Exhausting Fleet-Level Failure Pattern Detection Via Persistent Graph Coloring And Human-In-The-Loop Validation, Nilay Gupta, Wayne W Chen

Defensive Publications Series

Techniques are proposed herein for detecting and validating recurring failure patterns across a fleet-scale corpus of causal event graphs. A pattern-discovery engine groups taxonomy-normalized node labels and categories, computes support as the number of distinct incident graphs containing a pattern, and classifies retained patterns into new taxonomy categories and known but unvalidated patterns. Engineers confirm or reject ranked patterns through a human-in-the-loop workflow. Confirmed patterns are recorded in a persistent validated-pattern registry that is structurally independent of the graph index and reapplied after index rebuilds. The registry acts as a partial graph coloring and active-learning oracle: future discovery operates on …

The Luggage That Allows To Gradually Measure The Progressive Collective Weight Of The Items Being Inserted Into The Luggage Where The Progressive Changes In The Collective Weight Can Be Measured With The Progressive Insertion And With The Progressive Exclusion Of The Items While Keeping The Lid Of The Luggage Open., Punarjeewa Abeysekera

Defensive Publications Series

This paper describes a luggage that allows to gradually measure the progressive collective weight of the items being inserted into the luggage where the progressive changes in the collective weight can be measured with the progressive insertion and with the progressive exclusion of the items while keeping the lid of the luggage open. The entire luggage will consist of a luggage compartment, a lid, a lid compartment, a power source, a structural part attached to the lid, a structural part attached to the luggage compartment, a convex shaped structure attached to the luggage compartment, a scale attached to the convex …

Context-Aware Multimodal Generative Copilot And Cross-Surface Discovery Engine For Automotive Passenger Displays, Richa Gupta

Defensive Publications Series

This disclosure describes an operating-system-level passenger copilot, also referred to as an in-car assistant, passenger companion, or media helper, for vehicles equipped with passenger displays, rear-seat entertainment screens, or secondary displays. The system coordinates video screen image capture (frame ingestion), voice isolation (seat-isolated routing), cross-device watch history syncing (watch graph synchronization), and on-screen landmark navigation (point of interest extraction) to enhance the in-vehicle entertainment experience without distracting the driver. When a user taps an on-screen icon or speaks into a dedicated microphone, the vehicle operating system captures a video frame, screenshot, or image from a streaming video application. A multimodal …

System For Providing Playback-Synchronized Contextual Content To A Secondary Device, Aritri Chakraborty, Himank Airon, Ayushi Goyal

Defensive Publications Series

Obtaining contextual information for content on a primary display can disrupt a viewing experience or involve fragmented manual searches on a separate device. Systems and methods are described that can address this by synchronizing a secondary computing device (e.g., a smartphone, tablet, or wearable device) with a primary display. The primary device may broadcast synchronization data, such as a content identifier and a playback timestamp, to a companion application on the secondary device. This application can then query a backend system to retrieve pre-processed, time-coded metadata corresponding to a specific moment in the media. This process can provide context-aware information …

Edge-Based Causal Analysis For Remediating Micro-Temporal Resource Congestion, Ajit Singh

Defensive Publications Series

Systems and methods are described for mitigating micro-temporal resource congestion in multi-tenant computing environments, where conventional schedulers may not effectively resolve sub-second interference. A decentralized control plane can operate at the node level, using local probabilistic profiling to generate compressed summaries of system behavior. A causal analysis engine can then calculate a correlation coefficient to attribute performance degradation in a affected workload to the resource consumption of a potential source workload. The system can handle analysis edge cases, such as resource saturation, and can employ a return-on-investment framework to select a remediation action, for example, throttling the source, boosting the …

Dynamic And Granular Source Attribution For Structured Content, Hugo Navarrete, David Fengyu Ke

Defensive Publications Series

Systems for presenting structured content, such as lists, can face challenges in providing clear source attribution. Placing a single citation at the end of a list may create a disconnect between a specific claim and its source, potentially making verification difficult for a user. To address this, techniques are described for a system that can dynamically place attribution markers within the content. This system can analyze properties, such as list length, nesting depth, and source mapping, to apply a rules-based strategy, for example, inserting citations on a per-item or sectional basis. The system can then modify the content to insert …

Md/Mba Dual Degree Trends In Ophthalmology Residency: A 12-Year Analysis (2013-2025), Katherine Krishna, Brandon Chou, Felipe Echeverri Tribin, Steven J. Gedde

Journal of Academic Ophthalmology

Background: The number of Medical Doctor and Master of Business Administration (MD/MBA) dual degree programs has grown fivefold in the last two decades, reflecting an increased integration of business training in medical education. Despite this growth, the role and prevalence of MD/MBA degrees among ophthalmology residents remain largely uncharacterized.

Purpose: To characterize trends in prevalence, demographics, and educational patterns of MD/MBA dual degree holders among U.S. ophthalmology residents who entered residency between 2013 and 2025.

Methods: Ophthalmology residents in the United States who entered residency between 2013 and 2025 (n = 5,684) were included, with 80 MD/MBA …

An Innovative Surgical Simulator For Globe And Orbit Procedures, Anuj U. Patel, George Lin, Rishi Hoskeri, Chelsea L. Reighard, Marguerite C. Weinert, Zahra Nourmohammadi, David Zopf

Journal of Academic Ophthalmology

Background: Increased access to procedural opportunities for trainees in ophthalmology is needed to refine critical surgical skills, including manipulating and suturing the conjunctiva and sclera.

Purpose: To develop an in vitro high-fidelity globe and orbit model, made from synthetic materials and 3D-printing techniques, and to report our experience using the model in a structured wet lab training session on conjunctival and scleral suturing.

Methods: The model was implemented into two resident wet lab courses. Trainees and expert evaluators were asked to perform the same procedures. Evaluators were asked to incise and repair the simulated conjunctiva and sclera …

Geographic And Temporal Trends Of International Medical Graduate Ophthalmologists In The United States, Ju Hyun Jeon, Francisco Altamirano, Ju-Yeun Lee, Nadine Almuasher, Efren Gonzalez, Isdin Oke

Journal of Academic Ophthalmology

Background: International medical graduates (IMGs) are an integral part of the U.S. physician workforce. Understanding their representation and geographic distribution is essential for evaluating workforce diversity and access to care.

Purpose: To describe the temporal and geographic trends of IMG ophthalmologists in the United States and provide insights into their contribution to the ophthalmology workforce.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included ophthalmologists with active state medical licenses between 2010 and 2024. Publicly available data were obtained from Doximity, a national medical professional database, and state licensure records. Physicians were classified as U.S. medical graduates (USMGs) or IMGs …

Impact Of The Covid-19 Pandemic On Eye-Related Emergency Department Encounters At An Academic Safety-Net Health System, Eleanor Burton, Taylor Gemperline, Cynthia Wan, Clayton Grundvig, Hannah Harrelson, Caroline Kim, Michael Cusick

Journal of Academic Ophthalmology

Background: Emergency departments (EDs) provide care to millions of patients with eye-related concerns annually. Many patients delayed seeking medical care for routine and emergent conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Purpose: To evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on the demographics and diagnoses of eye-related emergency department visits at an academic safety-net health system.

Methods: The medical records of patients seen in the University of Virginia (UVA) ED from 1 July 2017 to 29 December 2022 with a primary ophthalmic diagnosis were reviewed retrospectively. Clinical and demographic information was extracted from electronic health records, and an acuity …

Impact Of Gender And Fellowship Training On Academic Advancement In Ophthalmology, Zahraa Alomar, Ashley Choi, Karine D. Bojikian, Miel Sundararajan, Leona Ding, Shu Feng

Journal of Academic Ophthalmology

Background: Women have reached near parity within ophthalmology, but significant gender disparities persist at the higher academic ranks.

Purpose: To evaluate the impact of gender, residency graduation year, and fellowship training with academic rank in ophthalmology across U.S. academic ophthalmology departments.

Methods: Academic ophthalmology residency program websites were reviewed to collect faculty data on gender (as defined by pronoun usage in profiles), year of residency graduation, fellowship training, academic rank, and promotion track (clinical vs. academic). Univariate analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA and Pearson χ² tests. Multinomial regression with likelihood ratio tests were conducted for …

Development And Delivery Of A Novel Psychologically Informed Resident Wellness Curriculum, Marguerite C. Weinert, Alice Lorch, Ethan Lester

Journal of Academic Ophthalmology

Background: Residents in training are at increased risk for burnout, depression, and suicide. Wellness efforts are widespread, but common practices are often transient, ineffective, or dependent on additional time from residents.

Purpose: To describe the development, delivery, and reception of a structured wellness curriculum aimed at providing residents psychoeducation, coping skills, and community building opportunities.

Methods: Residents PGY1-4 were surveyed on our wellness curriculum. This included how helpful the curriculum was in achieving its goals (providing a space for resident concerns and challenges, teaching coping tools and skills, reducing burnout, strengthening bonds between coresidents), impressions of the …

Gender Disparities In Academic Productivity Of Early Career Ophthalmologists With Children, Olivia J. Killeen, Theodora Vorias, Stacy L. Pineles, Reshma Jagsi, Laura B. Enyedi, Arghavan Salles, Amanda L. Ely, Michelle T. Cabrera

Journal of Academic Ophthalmology

Background: Female academic physicians are less likely than males to be promoted. Gender disparities related to parenthood and academic productivity may contribute to differing promotion trajectories for men and women.

Purpose: We investigated the association of gender and parenthood on academic productivity among early career ophthalmologists.

Methods: An email questionnaire was distributed to assistant professors of ophthalmology at U.S. institutions from February to April 2023. The questionnaire included items related to demographics, family responsibilities, and academic productivity. Descriptive statistics were calculated by gender alone and gender with parenthood status. Negative binomial regression models were used to analyze …

Design And Longitudinal Evaluation Of A Novel Medical School Preclerkship Ophthalmology Course: A Four-Year Study, Anagha Lokhande, Spandana Jarmale, Aiden Meyer, Ji Yun Han, Emily Wang, Grayson W. Armstrong, Michael Migliori, Jamie Schaefer, Nicole Lanza

Journal of Academic Ophthalmology

Background: Across many medical schools, opportunities are lacking for students to gain exposure to ophthalmology in their preclerkship years. We aimed to design and evaluate a course introducing first- and second-year medical students to ophthalmology to augment early exposure.

Methods: A novel extracurricular course was designed to increase students’ knowledge base in ophthalmology and to cultivate relationships with clinical faculty. The first part of the class comprised a series of three didactic sessions teaching key anatomical, pathophysiological, and epidemiological topics in ophthalmology. Students then learned suturing techniques and the eye examination through resident-led hands-on workshops, received advice about …

Research Publication Trends Among Sfmatch Ophthalmology Applicants, Matthew B. Urban, Judah R. Hoffman, Avery Ross, Nermeen Kidwai, Bentzion Kleiman, Chinecheta Ani, Mariam Ahmed, Elizabeth Drugge, Abha Amin, Kelly Hutcheson

Journal of Academic Ophthalmology

Background: The shift to pass/fail for the Step 1 examination has shifted the emphasis from Step 1 scores to other applicant metrics. In competitive specialties such as ophthalmology, programs seem to be placing increased emphasis on applicants’ research productivity.

Purpose: To investigate research productivity among U.S. MD graduates who matched to the SF Match in 2024.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 427 U.S. MD graduates who received a position in the 2024 SF Match–Ophthalmology. We recorded total publications (abstracts and manuscripts), first authorships, and number of ophthalmology-related publications. Data was collected from PubMed, Google Scholar, …

The Impact Of Program Signaling On Ophthalmology Program Director And Applicant Residency Match Experience, Riya H. Patel, Neha Sarabu, Albert S. Khouri

Journal of Academic Ophthalmology

Background: Program signaling (PS), which enables applicants to signal their interest to a specific program, was introduced in the 2024-2025 ophthalmology residency match cycle.

Purpose: To highlight program director (PD) opinions on signaling as well as its impact on interview and match statistics.

Methods: A questionnaire of program demographics and PD experience with PS was sent to all 2024-2025 ophthalmology residency programs. Anonymous responses from PDs were recorded. Descriptive statistics were used to detail program characteristics, interview/match statistics, and PD opinions.

Results: A total of 126 questionnaires were sent to PDs, and 32 responses were received …

Virtual Introductory Summer Course In Ophthalmology (Visco): Implementation Of A Novel Online Course To Address Gaps In Ophthalmology Education, Katherine Lucy Jung, Cody Lo, Anne Xuan-Lan Nguyen, Sherif R. El-Defrawy, Jonathan A. Micieli, Michael Thai Binh Nguyen

Journal of Academic Ophthalmology

Background: Ophthalmology education in medical schools worldwide has declined over the past 20 years, despite an aging global population with increasing ocular concerns, highlighting a critical gap in physician training. All physicians must be adequately trained to provide basic ophthalmic care when specialists are unavailable.

Purpose: To describe and evaluate the Virtual Introductory Summer Course in Ophthalmology (VISCO), an open-access live virtual program conducted in 2021 and 2022.

Methods: VISCO was created by Canadian ophthalmology faculty, residents, and medical students. The course utilized a “reverse classroom” format where participants were supplied with a reading guide of high-quality …

A Curriculum-Based Approach To Enhance Medical Student Confidence And Performance With Slit Lamp Funduscopy And Indirect Ophthalmoscopy, Matthew C. Johnson, Jia Jia Zhang, Ryan S Meshkin, Ankoor S. Shah, Grayson W. Armstrong

Journal of Academic Ophthalmology

Background: As ophthalmology instruction in medical school curricula continues to decrease, opportunities for structured training in slit lamp funduscopy and indirect ophthalmoscopy remain scarce. Furthermore, most educational interventions in ophthalmology rely heavily on self-reported confidence rather than objective measures of technical performance.

Purpose: To validate a slit lamp funduscopy and indirect ophthalmoscopy educational curriculum for medical students.

Methods: Third- and fourth-year medical students enrolled in an ophthalmology elective were invited to participate in a slit lamp funduscopy and indirect ophthalmoscopy teaching session. Students’ subjective confidence levels were assessed via Likert-scale questions on pre- and post-teaching questionnaires (1 …

Barriers To Pursuing Ophthalmology Among Medical Students, Karthik Reddy, Keith Miller, Mana Yacim, Mickey Nguyen, Anjali R. Shah, Shahzad I. Mian, Ariane Kaplan

Journal of Academic Ophthalmology

Background: Underrepresented in medicine (URM) medical students pursuing ophthalmology are notably scarce. As racial concordance improves health outcomes, understanding perceived barriers is of utmost importance. Limited data exists regarding factors that inform URM medical students’ decisions for declining to pursue ophthalmology.

Purpose: To investigate factors associated with students’ motivations and decision-making process with regard to pursuing ophthalmology.

Methods: From 2019 to 2022, fourth-year medical students at the University of Michigan who were not pursuing ophthalmology completed a questionnaire assessing intrinsic and extrinsic factors that influence specialty choice. Using Likert scales, students rated the importance of salary, research, …