Digital Commons Network^™

Gas-Flux-Determination-Method Effects On Greenhouse Gas Emissions Andglobal Warming Potential From Soybean In Southeast Arkans, Jonathan B. Brye, Diego Della Lunga, Kristofor R. Brye

Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Greenhouse gas (GHG) research and quantification have increased in importance recently due to climate change. Non-flow-through chamber systems collect large quantities of gas concentration data to determine the gas flux, but gas-flux-determination (GFD) methods can vary between regression models, how negative fluxes are considered, and what agroecosystem is evaluated, which makes selecting an analysis method complicated. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of GFD method [i.e. linear (L) and exponential (E) regression models, with negative fluxes (WNF) and with reassigned negative fluxes (RNF)] on GHG fluxes, emissions, and global warming potential (GWP) from soybean (Glycine max) …

James Willie "Jay" Clifton

African American Funeral Programs

Program for the funeral of James Willie "Jay" Clifton, held at Ben Samuel Hill Memorial Chapel on December 31, 2025.

Relationships Between Larval Fish Drift, Time Of Day And Discharge In An Ozark Stream, Daniel D. Magoulick, Christy L. Graham

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

We examined the relationship between larval fish numbers and discharge during a high flow event in Bear Creek, Arkansas, a small Ozark stream. Additionally, we examined the relationship between fish numbers and time of day, and the spatial distribution of families and size classes. A total of 3,083 fish from five families were collected. Leuciscidae was the dominant family collected, followed by Percidae, and Catostomidae. Larval fish in Bear Creek were not susceptible to increased discharge from the flood event, as all three families exhibited strong significant negative relationships to discharge at night when discharge began to decline. Larval fish …

Table Of Contents

Georgia Law Review

No abstract provided.

Patterns Of Llm Weaponization: A Comparative Analysis Of Exploitation Incidents Across Commercial Ai Systems, George Antoniou

Faculty and Staff Publications & Presentations

This comparative study examines patterns of Large Language Model (LLM) weaponization through systematic analysis of four major exploitation incidents spanning from 2023-2025. While existing research focuses on isolated incidents or theoretical vulnerabilities, this study provides one of the first comprehensive comparative frameworks analyzing exploitation patterns across state-sponsored cyber-espionage (Anthropic Claude incident), academic security research (GPT- 4 autonomous privilege escalation), social engineering platforms (SpearBot phishing framework), and underground criminal commoditization (WormGPT/FraudGPT ecosystem). Through comparative analysis across eight dimensions: Adversary sophistication, target selection, exploitation techniques, autonomy levels, detection evasion, attribution challenges, defensive gaps, and capability democratization, this research identifies critical cross-case patterns …

Quantum Readiness In Cybersecurity Education: A Framework For Preparing The Next Generation In The Post-Quantum Era, George Antoniou

Faculty and Staff Publications & Presentations

This framework addresses the critical gap between post-quantum standards and workforce readiness. Shor's algorithm demonstrates that sufficiently powerful quantum computers can break the cryptographic foundations of internet security. While the cryptography research community has developed quantum-resistant algorithms, educational institutions have not prepared students to implement these solutions. Recent surveys show fewer than half of organizations have begun planning for post-quantum cryptography (PQC) transitions (Entrust Cybersecurity Institute, 2024; U.S. Government Accountability Office, 2023; (ISC)², 2024). The NICE Framework (Newhouse, Keith, Scribner, & Witte, 2017) outlines the knowledge and skills that cybersecurity professionals should possess. The framework omits post-quantum cryptography entirely. Organizations …

Harmonizing Self-Reported And Free Text Medication Data: A Reproducible Pipeline For Gerontological Research, Ramkrishna K Singh, Chen Chen, Semere Bekena, David C Brown, Kaylin Taylor, Matthew Blake, Yiqi Zhu, Kebede Beyene, David B Carr, Ganesh M Babulal

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Self-reported medication data collected as free text in gerontological and dementia research is often unstructured with inconsistent formatting. These circumstances pose a challenge for standardization and classification when preparing effective, reproducible analyses. Spelling variations, naming conventions, and reporting drug combinations can hinder mapping to standard pharmacologic vocabularies and compromise medication exposure assessments. We aimed to develop and implement a transparent, reproducible, and scalable data harmonization pipeline that ingests free-text medication records and classifies them according to American Hospital Formulary Service (AHFS) therapeutic categories. METHODS: A four-phase curation pipeline processed 30,062 Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap) medication records collected over …

Ultrasound-Guided Diffuse Optical Tomography: An Adjunct To Ultrasound That Can Reduce Unnecessary Breast Biopsies, Quing Zhu, Debbie Bennett, Ian S Hagemann, Jaimee Mannix, Kimberly Wiele, Megan Luther, Jingqin Luo, Steven P Poplack

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Breast biopsy is recommended for any lesion in which the radiologist deems the likelihood of malignancy to be greater than 2% and more than 75% of biopsies return with benign results. This study assesses whether the total hemoglobin concentration (HbT) and blood oxygen saturation (%sO2) of malignant and benign breast lesions, obtained using Ultrasound-guided diffuse optical tomography (US-guided DOT), can help reduce benign breast biopsy rates. METHODS: 238 women consecutively recruited were examined with US-guided DOT before their US-guided biopsy. Three or four radiologists independently provided BI-RADS assessments using pre-procedure US and mammography (when available), first without and then …

Eata Mediated Degradation Of Intestinal Mucus Is Species-Specific And Driven By Muc2 Structural Features, Sergio Trillo-Muyo, Brendan Dolan, Frida Svensson, Tim J Vickers, Liisa Arike, Maria-Jose García-Bonete, Jenny K Gustafsson, Mathias I Nielsen, Hans H Wandall, James M Fleckenstein, Gunnar C Hansson, Sjoerd Van Der Post

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) infections are a leading cause of diarrheal illness, responsible for an estimated 100,000 deaths annually. ETEC pathogenesis is driven by various virulence factors, including toxins, adhesins, and noncanonical factors such as the protease EatA. The first line of host defense against intestinal pathogenic bacterial infections is the protective intestinal mucus layer. Here, we demonstrate the mechanism by which EatA degrades the core mucus component MUC2, thereby facilitating access to the epithelial cell surface and promoting infection. We identify the specific cleavage site region localized at the C-terminal of MUC2. EatA's protease activity depends on the interaction …

Membrane Il-18 Identifies A Human Macrophage Subset With Distinct Proteomic And Functional Traits, Chiara Vitale, Marco Colonna, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

This study contributes to the characterization of human macrophages in normal and pathological conditions such as cancer. We characterized a macrophage population expressing membrane-associated IL-18 (mIL-18) that shows peculiar proteomic, phenotypic, ultrastructural, and functional properties. mIL-18+ macrophages exhibit increased levels of key proteins involved in pathogen recognition, activation, migration, and endocytosis. They also display specialized functions in vesicle and actin filament transport and lipid metabolism, and have typical mitochondrial traits. Importantly, mIL-18+ cells dominate the peritoneal fluid of adult cancer patients and are present in the bone marrow of children with neuroblastoma. They express high levels of TREM2 but display …

Ethnic Diversity In Uk Bioscience: Structural Biases And Recommendations For Action, Yusra Siddiqui, Prachi Stafford, Emmanuel Adukwu, Nicholas Freestone, Tina Lovleen Joshi, Emma Yhnell, Katharine Hubbard

Peninsula Dental School

Scientific research is more innovative and impactful when scientists are drawn from diverse backgrounds. However, the scientific community does not reflect the demographics of wider society. Global Majority communities remain underrepresented within science, particularly within senior leadership roles. Here we explore ethnic diversity within UK academic biosciences, using publicly available staff and student demographic data from the UK Higher Education Statistics Authority. We use the Simpson index as a quantitative measure of diversity within the biosciences and construct linear mixed effect models to identify significant predictors of both student and staff ethnic diversity. For staff, there were significant negative effects …

Adaptive Retry Solutions For Recurrent Payment Decline Using Generative Artificial Intelligence, Alok Roy, Prajna Shetty, Vinay Sarda, Katyayani Kiranmayee Kolluru

Defensive Publications Series

The present disclosure provides a method and a system for adaptive retry solutions for recurrent payment transactions. The method comprises identifying the reason for decline of recurrent payment transactions, storing the declined transaction and subscribing to the issuer system based on the identified reason. The method further comprises predicting the future timestamp for successful retry attempts for declined recurrent payment transaction based on transaction history, and issuer rules. Furthermore, the method comprises transmitting the notification of predicted timestamp to the user devices and executing the retry attempt for declined recurrent payment transaction in the predicted timestamp. Further, transmitting the status …

Cycle-By-Cycle Current Limit Method For Unregulated Intermediate Bus Converters, N/A

Defensive Publications Series

This publication describes methods and circuits for limiting current in unregulated Intermediate Bus Converters (IBCs). The technology addresses issues related to parallel operation of low-impedance converters, where impedance mismatches can lead to significant current imbalances and transitory current spikes. By utilizing a cycle-by-cycle input charge control mechanism, the system can detect over-current conditions and temporarily increase the switching frequency to clamp the input current. This approach effectively uses the resonant capacitor voltage, which represents the integral of the input current, to trigger switching events. The system may further incorporate frequency compensation to ensure consistent current regulation across varying switching frequencies …

Diagnostic Significance Of Aspartate Transaminase And Alanine Transaminase In Hepatitis C Patients, Mohammed N. Fenjan, Ahmed Abdulhadi Jabbar

AUIQ Conference Proceedings

Background: Hepatitis C infection is spreading worldwide at an alarming rate. Hepatitis C is a viral infection that affects the liver. It is caused by the hepatitis C virus and can lead to liver damage, cirrhosis, and even liver cancer if left untreated. The virus is usually spread through contact with infected blood, such as through sharing needles or receiving a blood transfusion, antiviral medications can be used to treat the infection. AST (aspartate aminotransferase) and ALT (alanine aminotransferase) are enzymes that are primarily found in liver cells. The present study aimed to assess the relationship between liver enzymes aspartate …

Effects Of Different Chitosan Coated Tio2 Nanoparticles Concentrations On The Antibacterial Activities, Ali M. Ghazi, Murtadha H. Hashem, Hyder K. Abbood

AUIQ Conference Proceedings

This study aimed to determine how the composition and antibacterial properties of chitosan-based coating solution when treated with varying amounts of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis showed that the modified TiO2 NPs were evenly distributed throughout the chitosan matrix. UV-V_spectra, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses demonstrated that the chitosan interacted with TiO2 NPs and possessed good compatibility. When tested against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, the chitosan-TiO2 nanocomposite proved to be an effective growth inhibitor. The inhibition zone for the antibacterial activity of the chitosan-TiO2 nanocomposites was (19.86 …

Studying The Properties Of Titanium Oxide Nanoparticles Synthesized By Laser Slow Burning Method In Liquid To Remove Heavy Metals, Mohammad R. Hantehzadeh, Elham Darabi, Hossein Algharghouli

AUIQ Conference Proceedings

Water contamination with toxic heavy metals such as lead (Pb²⁺) and cadmium (Cd²⁺) poses serious risks to human health, plants, and ecosystems, making their effective removal a global challenge. Conventional treatment methods often exhibit limited efficiency; therefore, nanotechnology-based approaches are increasingly being explored. In this study, titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO₂ NPs) incorporated into polylactic acid (PLA) nanoparticless were synthesized via electrospinning, a simple and cost-effective technique that eliminates the need for harmful chemical reagents. The nanocomposite was characterized using SEM, TEM, EDX, UV–Vis spectroscopy, XRD, FTIR, and TGA analyses. The results demonstrated uniform nanoparticles morphology …

Nanomaterial Strategies For High-Performance Solid-State Batteries Beyond Lithium-Ion, Mahmoud Gharbavi, Salim Albukhaty

AUIQ Conference Proceedings

This is a comprehensive review of nanomaterial strategies for developing solid-state batteries in the future beyond lithium-ion technology. It discusses key challenges such as ionic conductivity, interfacial stability, and scalable manufacturing. Nanomaterials provide the ultimate means to control electrochemical processes at atomic scales, enabling solid-state systems with energy densities above 500 Wh/kg, enhanced safety from non-flammable electrolytes, and longer cycle life.

The review offers an in-depth analysis of advanced manufacturing methods, including suspension plasma spray (SPS), atomic layer deposition (ALD), and nano-level 3D printing for fabricating nanostructured components. Sulfide solid-state electrolytes demonstrate remarkable ionic conductivities of up to 10^{-2 …}

Nanotechnology-Based Non-Vaccine Prevention And Therapeutics: Advances In Antimicrobial Nanomaterials And Targeted Drug Delivery Systems, Yasmina Khane, Salim Albukhaty

AUIQ Conference Proceedings

Infectious diseases represent a massive one-health issue that needs concerted efforts. One of the most important of these efforts involves investing in nanotechnology and the physical, chemical, and biological properties of nanomaterials to contribute to the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of infectious diseases. Non-vaccine nanotechnology approaches can enhance conventional methods by blocking infection pathways and bolstering the immune system. This review emphasizes two main aspects: nanomaterials with a natural capability to kill microorganisms—focusing on antimicrobial and antiviral actions—and nano-carrier systems for controlled drug delivery, immune modulation, and inflammation management. It details the functioning of these nanomaterials and their applications, before …

Rapid Detection Of Sheep-Specific Clostridium Perfringens Igg Using Silver Nanoparticle-Boosted Dot-Blot Assays, Ahmed Salam Jawad

AUIQ Conference Proceedings

Dot-blot immunoassay is a quick, simple, and low-cost technique for identifying target analytes in food, clinical diagnostics, and the environment with a visual inspection. For this purpose, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized using a sodium borohydride compound. Synthesized AgNPs were characterized using UV-Vs spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and zeta potential (ZP) tests. After that, SNPs were conjugated with anti-CLD N4-C. perfringens IgG. At the same time, the positive and negative C. perfringens samples have been determined using ELISA. Furthermore, PCR test was used for verification of C. perfringens. Consequently, dot-blot …

Utilization Of Biochar From Date Palm For Wastewater Treatment Technologies: Mini-Review, Atheel Alwash, Emad Yousif, Salam Mohammed

Al-Mustaqbal Journal of Sustainability in Engineering Sciences

Recently, recycling agricultural waste has gained great importance in the field of the biochar industry, as it is a sustainable and inexpensive material that can be used to get rid of environmentally polluting materials. Dates are one of the major agricultural wastes in Iraq and the Gulf countries, which include fronds, seeds, and trunks. The challenge of obtaining a green and clean environment is represented by the safe disposal of these residues. These wastes are promising materials for producing biochar products as efficient adsorbents with improved characteristic properties. The present article revises the synthesis of biochar derived from date palm …

The Converging Frontiers: 3d Printing Of Polyvinyl Chloride (Pvc) For Environmental Remediation, Hazim F. Abbas, Salam Mohammed, Amamer M. Redwan

Al-Mustaqbal Journal of Sustainability in Engineering Sciences

The global demand for effective environmental cleanup drives the need for innovative materials and techniques. 3D printing, which can produce complex and customized structures, offers promising solutions. PVC, a common, affordable, and durable polymer resistant to chemicals, is increasingly used for environmental applications. This report reviews recent advances in 3D-printed PVC for water purification, air filtration, and waste management. PVC’s strong properties, combined with the flexibility of 3D printing, enable the development of tailored, efficient components such as membranes, adsorbents, and catalytic supports. Technology also encourages a circular economy by recycling PVC waste into new feedstocks and on-demand, eco-friendly infrastructure. …

Smart Universities And Digital Transformation Based On Artificial Intelligence: A Case Of Al-Mustaqbal University, Ahmed Rasol Hasson

Al-Mustaqbal Journal of Sustainability in Engineering Sciences

Artificial Intelligence (A.I) is a key facilitator of universities procedures. Although the performance of AI has stretch out superior levels in developed countries, it is remain in its insufficiency in a lot of the developing nations. In this state, there is an imperative need to determine the important of adopting AI everywhere on Iraqi universities, due to the continuous utilize of a management old-fashioned systems. This research sight to explore applications that may influence the acceptance and adoption of AI in the Iraqi universities. This is achieved based on a qualitative approach of thematic analysis. The AI applications that were …

Experimental Study On Thermal Management Of Conventional Photovoltaic Module Using Hybrid Cooling System, Olufisayo Stephen Babalola, Olatunji Waliu Olademeji, Joseph Bukola Samson

Al-Mustaqbal Journal of Sustainability in Engineering Sciences

Photovoltaic (PV) cell junctions are thermally stressed, occasioned by heightened temperature beyond cell operating temperature threshold. This leads to efficiency diminution, which when properly addressed will change the fortune of PV electricity generation; which is more desired for reasons of clean energy and ubiquity of solar flux. Two 80W monocrystalline PV modules were installed at a tilt angle of 17°, south facing, on a stationary rack on top of Obafemi Awolowo University Physics Building. One module’s back surface had a hybrid cooling and the other as control. The PV modules cell temperatures, the ambient temperature, the solar irradiance and the …

Clinical Pathway Sebagai Solusi Keberlanjutan Jkn Di Indonesia: Systematic Review, Septiana Septiana, Siti Soekiswati, Burhannudin Ichsan

Jurnal Ekonomi Kesehatan Indonesia

The National Health Insurance (JKN) program is threatened with a deficit and potential default in 2026 due to inefficiency and the risk of fraud in healthcare facilities. In the context of JKN, which uses a package system (INA-CBG), Clinical Pathway (CP) is a strategic instrument within the JKN system that has dual benefits for both Payers (BPJS Kesehatan) and Providers (Hospitals). For BPJS Kesehatan, CP primarily functions to ensure service quality and prevent undertreatment fraud, the practice of reducing services to benefit hospitals. This prevention ultimately achieves cost efficiency in the JKN program by avoiding payment of complication claims and …

An Intrusion And Cyber-Attack Detection System Based On Ensemble Machine Learning Techniques, Zaed S. Mahdi, Rana M. Zaki, Negar Majma

The Journal of Engineering Research

In light of advancements in information technology, intrusion detection systems (IDS) and cybersecurity are two of the most pressing concerns confronting the world. Despite the fact that many academics have proposed intrusion detection models, the development of intrusion detection systems must be continuous due to the continual growth of cyber-attacks. This research presents a proposal for an intrusion detection model on the network, based on a machine learning ensemble. The first aim in this work is to reduce the number of features used in training the system to reduce the training time through the Double Feature Selection Method by using …

A New Approach For Key Generation Using Lorenz System And Henon Map, Bahaa Abdulwahid Hameed, Ekhlas K.Gbashi

The Journal of Engineering Research

To protect data transmission from theft and disclosure, encryption is necessary. Secure encryption requires a robust system. Often, this system’s strength depends on its key generation. Chaotic systems are used for the key generation process for some reasons, such as precise and random properties. This paper presents a new approach for key generation using two types of chaos theory: the 3D Henon map and the 3D Lorenz system, to enhance the security of a cryptographic system. The proposed algorithm aims to increase the security of cryptographic algorithms and the generation of random and secure key numbers. The results of the …

Detecting Interpolated Video Frames Based On Convolution Neural Networks, Ayat Razaq Abbas, Ekhlas Falih Naser

The Journal of Engineering Research

These days, films are exchanged often and have established themselves in daily lives due to the growing number of handheld video recording devices, social media, and messaging apps. But with a variety of user-friendly video editing programs available, anyone can manipulate videos. The spread of intentionally altered videos can have serious consequences, such as the propagation of false information. Video frames interpolation is detected in this research.The proposed methodology consists of three phases. In the first phase, the video stream is divided into a series of individual frames. Preprocessing follows, which involves resizing these video frames to fixed dimensions of …

Multi-Biometric Recognition System Based On A Specific Set Of Features, Zahraa Naji Razoqi, Raheem Ogla, Abdul Monem S. Rahma

The Journal of Engineering Research

Biometric techniques are replacing traditional passwords and Personal Identification Numbers since they are more dependable and secure. Unimodal biometric systems have various challenges, including non-universality and noisy data. The systems that use multiple modalities of biometrics can help overcome some of these restrictions, but retrieval and matching processes are time-consuming due to the high-dimensional nature of biometric data. This research proposes a serial multi-biometric recognition system using iris and face models based on only 16 features. Iris features are retrieved after splitting the region of interest into (2 × 2) blocks and computing the mean, standard deviation, and energy values …

Event Triggered Integral Sliding Mode Controller Design For Multi-Input Multi-Output Nonlinear System, Mohammed K. Hamzah, Safanah M. Raafat, Shibly A. Al- Samarraie

The Journal of Engineering Research

In this manuscript, the design of event based Integral Sliding Mode Controller Eb-ISMC is considered for a nonlinear system with perturbation. The proposed controller uses a novel triggering strategy which is established according to some stability requirements. The primary benefit of this strategy is the effective usage of the system resources by reducing the total amount of control computations as compared to the classical or periodic version of ISMC. Closed-loop system stability analysis has shown that the suggested controller achieves the practical sliding mode PSM using the developed triggering control scheme. Moreover, Zeno behaviour is circumvented by developing suitable expressions …

N-Queens Problem Solving Using Apiary Organizational-Based Optimization Algorithm, Mais A. Al-Sharqi, Ahmed T. Sadiq Al-Obaidi, Safaa O. Al-Mamory

The Journal of Engineering Research

Researchers have utilised nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithms to find solutions for complex combinatorial optimisation problems and Non-deterministic polynomial (NP) problems. The N-queens problem is categorised as an NP-Hard problem as it becomes insurmountable for large N. This paper proposed a solution for the N-queens problem based on the Apiary Organisational-Based Optimisation Algorithm (AOOA). AOOA is a nature-inspired metaheuristic optimisation algorithm for NP-Hard problems comprised of multiple beehives inside the apiary, each with its population. In contrast to the backtracking method, AOOA employs a fitness function and randomisation techniques through seven stages to approach the optimal distributions of queens so they don’t …