Connecting With The Outside World: Psychosocially Supportive Aspects Of Operational Communication Between Isolated Crews In Space And Mission Control On The Ground,
2023
Aalborg University
Connecting With The Outside World: Psychosocially Supportive Aspects Of Operational Communication Between Isolated Crews In Space And Mission Control On The Ground, Dennis J. Frederiksen
Journal of Human Performance in Extreme Environments
Radio-based communication between crew members in space and mission control centers on the ground has the operational purpose of supporting the safe and effective execution of missions in space. Space-to-ground communication also, however, constitutes one of the relatively few interpersonal relationships astronauts have during missions and in addition to its operational purpose, this communication can support astronauts’ wellbeing. The purpose of this paper is to identify psychosocially supportive aspects of operational space-to-ground communication between astronauts in space and spacecraft communicators on the ground. Through qualitative analysis of authentic mission communication, this paper identifies two supportive aspects and develops a terminology …
Syntax And Semantics Of Music: Preface,
2023
Institut Jean-Nicod & New York University
Syntax And Semantics Of Music: Preface, Philippe Schlenker, Jurgis Skilters
Baltic International Yearbook of Cognition, Logic and Communication
N/A
An Incremental Rsa Model For Adjective Ordering Preferences In Referential Visual Context,
2023
University of Tübingen
An Incremental Rsa Model For Adjective Ordering Preferences In Referential Visual Context, Fabian Schlotterbeck, Hening Wang
Proceedings of the Society for Computation in Linguistics
We report data from a preference rating experiment that tested for conflicting effects of subjectivity and discriminatory strength on adjective ordering preferences in referential visual context. Results indicate that, if the communicative efficiency of an adjective is low in a given context, it is preferred later in a multi-adjective expression. To account for qualitative aspects of these data, we propose a novel computational model of incremental processing in the Rational Speech Act framework. What sets the model apart from previous approaches is that it assumes fully incremental interpretation, without the need to anticipate possible sentence completions.
Do Language Models Know How To Be Polite?,
2023
New York University
Do Language Models Know How To Be Polite?, Soo-Hwan Lee, Shaonan Wang
Proceedings of the Society for Computation in Linguistics
Politeness is often associated with a degree of formality that the speaker conveys to the addressee of a conversation. There are multiple ways to convey politeness in natural language. Languages such as Korean and Japanese, for instance, have politeness markers that appear in certain positions inside a given sentence. Sometimes, the absence of these politeness markers leads to inappropriateness. This work focuses on a particular case in which a politeness marker can be realized only when its dependency requirement is satisfied. While language model (LM) performance on syntactic dependencies such as filler-gap dependencies (Wilcox et al., 2018), subject-verb agreement (Linzen …
Does A Neural Model Understand The De Re / De Dicto Distinction?,
2023
McGill University
Does A Neural Model Understand The De Re / De Dicto Distinction?, Gaurav Kamath, Laurestine Bradford
Proceedings of the Society for Computation in Linguistics
Neural network language models (NNLMs) are often casually said to "understand" language, but what linguistic structures do they really learn? We pose this question in the context of de re / de dicto ambiguities. Nouns and determiner phrases in intensional contexts, such as belief, desire, and modality, are subject to referential ambiguities. The phrase "Lilo believes an alien is on the loose,'' for example, has two interpretations: one ("de re") in which she believes a specific entity which happens to be an alien is on the loose, and another ("de dicto") in which she believes …
The Language Of Mechanical Support In Children: Is It ‘Sticking’, ‘Hanging’, Or Simply ‘On’?,
2023
Montclair State University
The Language Of Mechanical Support In Children: Is It ‘Sticking’, ‘Hanging’, Or Simply ‘On’?, Julia Marie Hauss
Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects
Research has found that children begin to differentiate in the terms they use to encode support. In English, BE on, the Basic Locative Construction (Levinson & Wilkins, 2006; “put on” in dynamic events) tends to encode support-from-below (e.g., cup on table), whereas lexical support verbs (e.g., hang, stick, tape, glue, etc.) tend to encode mechanical support. We see this differentiation in semantic space by six years of age (Johannes et al., 2016). Although this differentiation occurs, we can still use BE on to encode all types of support, just as we can use a variety of lexical verbs (e.g., the …
Memory For Metaphors: Verbatim Memory Held For Literal Sentences Vs. Metaphors,
2023
University of Arkansas, Fayetteville
Memory For Metaphors: Verbatim Memory Held For Literal Sentences Vs. Metaphors, Taylor Suneson
Psychological Science Undergraduate Honors Theses
Certain literary features of text (metaphor, idiom, etc.) are said to be foregrounded, or stand out from the surrounding text. Prior research (Miall & Kuiken, 1994) demonstrates that foregrounded text slows readers down, which is consistent with attention being grabbed. Do features of literary text, more specifically metaphors, improve memory as a result of being foregrounded? The present study investigated the effect of reading metaphoric phrases on reading time, memory accuracy, and decision times. We predicted that when a textual phrase was read as a metaphor, verbatim memory would be better retained than when that same phrase was read as …
Between Verb And Preposition: Diachronic Stages Of Coverbs In Mandarin Chinese,
2023
University of Massachusetts Amherst
Between Verb And Preposition: Diachronic Stages Of Coverbs In Mandarin Chinese, Glynis Jones
Masters Theses
Mandarin Chinese has long been known to possess a category of words known as ‘coverbs’ in the literature, which sit in the gray area between verb and preposition. Li and Thompson (1974) describe the historical origins of Mandarin coverbs to be full transitive verbs, despite their modern state being decidedly less verbal. They also note that coverbs are a non-homogenous class. This thesis works to establish categories of coverbs in Mandarin Chinese and their distance from true verbhood in order to understand the diachronic shift that coverbs are currently undergoing before our very eyes. I will draw on the work …
What Before Means: Teaching About The Communicative Contribution Of The English Pluperfect,
2023
City College of New York
What Before Means: Teaching About The Communicative Contribution Of The English Pluperfect, Max Miller
Publications and Research
This paper presents a text-based analysis of the communicative functions of the simple past and pluperfect tenses of English, and offers a pedagogical approach to assist learners in acquiring them. Following a functional, usage-based linguistics perspective, the analysis holds that the simple past expresses Time PAST, while the pluperfect expresses Time PAST, BEFORE. Thus only the latter tense signals a speaker's subjective creation of a linkage in time. The understanding of these meanings can enhance an English language teacher's effectiveness in the classroom (as in selecting texts and activities) and a language user's effectiveness in communication. A classroom-based pedagogical application …
Chatgpt As Metamorphosis Designer For The Future Of Artificial Intelligence (Ai): A Conceptual Investigation,
2023
Central University of South Bihar, Panchanpur, Gaya, Bihar
Chatgpt As Metamorphosis Designer For The Future Of Artificial Intelligence (Ai): A Conceptual Investigation, Amarjit Kumar Singh (Library Assistant), Dr. Pankaj Mathur (Deputy Librarian)
Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this research paper is to explore ChatGPT’s potential as an innovative designer tool for the future development of artificial intelligence. Specifically, this conceptual investigation aims to analyze ChatGPT’s capabilities as a tool for designing and developing near about human intelligent systems for futuristic used and developed in the field of Artificial Intelligence (AI). Also with the helps of this paper, researchers are analyzed the strengths and weaknesses of ChatGPT as a tool, and identify possible areas for improvement in its development and implementation. This investigation focused on the various features and functions of ChatGPT that …
Comentarios Críticos Escritos Por Estudiantes De Medicina Sobre La Evaluación Del Paciente,
2023
CUNY New York City College of Technology
Comentarios Críticos Escritos Por Estudiantes De Medicina Sobre La Evaluación Del Paciente, David Sánchez-Jiménez
Publications and Research
La presente investigación analiza los comentarios críticos producidos por estudiantes chilenos de 3º y 4º de Medicina en la sección Comentario/Reflexión final de la Ficha Clínica con el objetivo de conocer su opinión sobre la experiencia de su estancia hospitalaria y la práctica médica en general, así como de entender los elementos retórico-discursivos que utilizan para posicionar su voz en el texto al evaluar dicha experiencia. Para investigar este fenómeno se realizó un análisis textual computarizado de las categorías gramaticales y los contenidos semántico-funcionales valorativos desde un enfoque cualitativo inductivo-deductivo. Los resultados del estudio mostraron un predominio de los comentarios …
Analysis Of Electrophysiological Markers And Correlated Components Of Neural Responses To Discourse Coherence,
2023
The Graduate Center, City University of New York
Analysis Of Electrophysiological Markers And Correlated Components Of Neural Responses To Discourse Coherence, Kurt M. Masiello
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
Constructing meaning from spoken language is invaluable for learning, social interaction, and communication. In clinical populations with developmental disorders of speech comprehension, the severity of disruption can persist and vary from limiting occupational opportunities to lower performance outcomes. Previous research has reported an event-related potential (ERP) neural positivity over right hemisphere lateral anterior sites in response to semantic and discourse processing. Although useful as a marker for clinical populations of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and developmental language disorder (DLD), little is understood about the dynamics and neural sources of this biological marker. In addition to traditional methods of ERP analysis, …
Tense In Conditionals: Ins And Outs,
2022
University of Massachusetts Amherst
Tense In Conditionals: Ins And Outs, Zahra Mirrazi
Doctoral Dissertations
This dissertation is concerned with the role of tense in bringing about the semantic and pragmatic differences in conditionals. Investigating the contribution
of tense and aspect in Farsi conditionals, this dissertation expands the typology of
temporal morphology in antecedents of conditionals.
First, I make a novel observation that Farsi morphologically distinguishes between hypothetical and factual conditionals. Conditionals with zero tense in their
antecedent require the truth of their antecedent to be unsettled in the context, and
they yield hypothetical interpretation. Conditionals with present tense in their
antecedent require the truth of their antecedent to be settled in the projected context …
The Symbolic Work Of Prices,
2022
Chapman University
The Symbolic Work Of Prices, Akash Miharia, Jan Osborn, Bart J. Wilson
Economics Faculty Articles and Research
We posit that prices are signs, not just signals, that work in the same symbolic way as words. Both are complex, generative systems of shared meaning that rely on a web of intricate symbolic references. Just like the meaning of a word is a product of our social and linguistic action, the meaning of a price is a product of our relationship to the physical world phenomena of people in markets. The fundamental conception of both is to communicate and construct worlds with ourselves and others, enabling us to act in the world. Prices, like words, do symbolic work.
El Metadiscurso En La Escritura Académica: Singularidades E Investigaciones En Lengua Española,
2022
CUNY New York City College of Technology
El Metadiscurso En La Escritura Académica: Singularidades E Investigaciones En Lengua Española, David Sánchez-Jiménez
Publications and Research
Dentro de la disciplina lingüística de la Pragmática, el estudio del metadiscurso ha sido uno de los temas más investigados en el mundo anglosajón en las últimas décadas. Este fenómeno se refiere al componente del discurso que sirve para hablar del discurso sin añadir significado proposicional. El metadiscurso facilita la comunicación y juega un rol central en el discurso para transmitir las ideas del autor y hacer partícipes a los lectores de estas ideas en su texto de manera efectiva, guiando al lector en la debida interpretación del texto, aumentando su legibilidad y permitiendo construir una relación más cercana con …
Yay…, 😉, And #Sarcasm: Exploring How Sarcasm Is Marked In Text-Based Cmc,
2022
Portland State University
Yay…, 😉, And #Sarcasm: Exploring How Sarcasm Is Marked In Text-Based Cmc, Brontë G. Gordon
University Honors Theses
Sarcasm is a complex phenomenon of indirect speech, when we intend a meaning different from that of the literal words we use. In face-to-face settings (FtF), facial expressions, body language, and prosodic cues can be helpful indicators of sarcasm. It becomes even harder to decipher when these physical cues are removed as in any written setting. This paper explores what text strategies are used to mark sarcasm in text-based English language communication online. Through a systematic literature review, the similarities and differences of irony and sarcasm were explored, as well as the issues these parallels and distinctions create in delineating …
Expanding The Pronominal Account Of Tense: A Reexamination Of The Double Access Reading In English,
2022
The Graduate Center, City University of New York
Expanding The Pronominal Account Of Tense: A Reexamination Of The Double Access Reading In English, Brynne E. Wilkinson
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
In this thesis I will argue that the double access reading in English is not limited to the present-under-past construction but is instead available in the present-under-future construction as well. Unlike the traditional present-under-past construction, however, the double access reading is not the only available reading in the present-under-future construction. I will present data that shows that any context which licenses the double access reading also necessarily licenses a simultaneous reading as a result of a Sequence of Tense rule. Additional data will show that, when interpreted de re, the embedded present tense in the present-under-future construction is constrained …
A Claiming Of Kin: A Linguistic Analysis Of Southern Appalachian English In Melissa Range's Scriptorium: Poems,
2022
East Tennessee State University
A Claiming Of Kin: A Linguistic Analysis Of Southern Appalachian English In Melissa Range's Scriptorium: Poems, Jolee White
Undergraduate Honors Theses
The research studies the Southern Appalachian dialect present in five poems in Melissa Range’s Scriptorium: Poems. The linguistic phenomena characteristic of Southern Appalachian English observed and analyzed in the poems include lexicon, grammatical features, and phonological aspects. The research seeks to bring attention to this Appalachian woman writer as well as to bring understanding of her reasoning behind incorporating the dialect in her poetry. It establishes that the five poems by Range contain the lexicon, grammatical features, and phonological aspects of the SAE dialect. It holds meaning both grammatically and pragmatically within the context of the poem and Appalachia.
The Economics Of Information And The Meaning Of Speech,
2022
University of Florida
The Economics Of Information And The Meaning Of Speech, Charles W. Collier
Catholic University Law Review
In common usage the communication of information is not sharply distinguished from the use of language or speech to make factual or propositional statements. So it should come as no surprise that one of the main legal justifications for protecting speech--that it underwrites a “marketplace of ideas” and thereby contributes to the search for truth--has strong parallels in the economic theory of information. “Indeed,” as Kenneth Arrow writes, “the market system as a whole has frequently been considered as an organization for the allocation of resources; the typical argument for its superiority to authoritative central allocation has been the greater …
“You Keep Using That Word”: Why Privacy Doesn’T Mean What Lawyers Think,
2022
Washington and Lee University School of Law
“You Keep Using That Word”: Why Privacy Doesn’T Mean What Lawyers Think, Joshua A.T. Fairfield
Scholarly Articles
This article explores how the need to define privacy has impeded our ability to protect it in law.
The meaning of “privacy” is notoriously hard to pin down. This article contends that the problem is not with the word “privacy,” but with the act of trying to pin it down. The problem lies with the act of definition itself and is particularly acute when the words in question have deep-seated and longstanding common-language meanings, such as liberty, freedom, dignity, and certainly privacy. If one wishes to determine what words like these actually mean to people, definition is the wrong tool …