Electrical and Computer Engineering Commons^™

Wireless Communication In Data Centers: A Survey, Abdelbaset S. Hamza, Jitender Deogun, Dennis R. Alexander

School of Computing: Faculty Publications

Data centers (DCs) is becoming increasingly an integral part of the computing infrastructures of most enterprises. Therefore, the concept of DC networks (DCNs) is receiving an increased attention in the network research community. Most DCNs deployed today can be classified as wired DCNs as copper and optical fiber cables are used for intra- and inter-rack connections in the network. Despite recent advances, wired DCNs face two inevitable problems; cabling complexity and hotspots. To address these problems, recent research works suggest the incorporation of wireless communication technology into DCNs. Wireless links can be used to either augment conventional wired DCNs, or …

Single Ion Detection For Mass Spectrometry Using Low Capacitance Mosfets, Matthew Hamblin, Aaron Hawkins

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Mass spectrometry is an important tool for analytical chemistry that allows the chemical composition of a compound to be determined. In order to do so, it separates the compound into ions, and then detects the number of ions of different masses.

The charge on a single ion is very small, making it difficult to measure. In order to overcome this, current mass spectrometers must use methods such as electron multipliers to create a cascading effect of electrons until a measurable charge is reached or cryodetectors that measure the thermal change of an ion hit at low temperatures.¹ Using methods …

High-Resolution Soil Moisture Estimation Using Ascat, Kevin Tew, Michael Scott

Journal of Undergraduate Research

NASA’s Decadal Survey emphasizes the importance of soil moisture measurements, citing their significance in predicting natural hazards and the role of soil moisture levels in the water and carbon cycles [1]. Soil moisture estimates are used for a variety of applications including drought detection, flood and landslide forecasts, crop yield monitoring, and rain precipitation models [1]–[4]. Orbiting sensors provide an effective way to measure soil moisture globally because measurements of each area can be taken at a relatively high revisit frequency (typically one to two days). These sensors are generally able to measure soil moisture parameters despite cloud coverage and, …

Enhanced Indoor Localization System Based On Inertial Navigation, Rasika Lakmal Hettiarachchige Don

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

An algorithm for indoor localization of pedestrians using an improved Inertial Navigation system is presented for smartphone based applications. When using standard inertial navigation algorithm, errors in sensors due to random noise and bias result in a large drift from the actual location with time. Novel corrections are introduced for the basic system to increase the accuracy by counteracting the accumulation of this drift error, which are applied using a Kalman filter framework.

A generalized velocity model was applied to correct the walking velocity and the accuracy of the algorithm was investigated with three different velocity models which were derived …

Signal Flow Graph Approach To Efficient Dst I-Iv Algorithms, Sirani M. Perera

Publications

In this paper, fast and efficient discrete sine transformation (DST) algorithms are presented based on the factorization of sparse, scaled orthogonal, rotation, rotation-reflection, and butterfly matrices. These algorithms are completely recursive and solely based on DST I-IV. The presented algorithms have low arithmetic cost compared to the known fast DST algorithms. Furthermore, the language of signal flow graph representation of digital structures is used to describe these efficient and recursive DST algorithms having (n�1) points signal flow graph for DST-I and n points signal flow graphs for DST II-IV.

High-Efficiency Solar-Powered 3-D Printers For Sustainable Development, Jephias Gwamuri, Dhiogo Franco, Khalid Khan, Lucia Gauchia, Joshua M. Pearce

Michigan Tech Publications

The release of the open source 3-D printer known as the RepRap (a self-Replicating Rapid prototyper) resulted in the potential for distributed manufacturing of products for significantly lower costs than conventional manufacturing. This development, coupled with open source-appropriate technology (OSAT), has enabled the opportunity for 3-D printers to be used for sustainable development. In this context, OSAT provides the opportunity to modify and improve the physical designs of their printers and desired digitally-shared objects. However, these 3-D printers require electricity while more than a billion people still lack electricity. To enable the utilization of RepRaps in off-grid communities, solar photovoltaic …

Nonlinearity Of Digital I/Os And Its Behaviour Modeling, He Ming Yao, Huan Huan Zhang, Hui Chun Yu, Xing Yun Luo, Bin Li, Hua Sheng Ren, Li (Lijun) Jun Jiang

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Due to the rising signal speed in today's integrated circuits (ICs), the digital input/output (I/O) device modeling becomes a very serious challenge. However, its nonlinearity issue was even less addressed. But for accurate EMC and EMI characterizations, the I/O nonlinearity could become a source of unexpected EMC and EMI troubles in the high-speed system. In this paper, we analyze the nonlinearity of high-speed drivers and loads under the influence of various parameters, such as the rising and falling times, data and clock duty cycle distortion (DCD), signal skew, balance of the circuit, etc. Further based on the spectrum property of …

Application Of Simultaneous Localization And Mapping Algorithms For Haptic Teleoperation Of Aerial Vehicles, Bandar Hulayyil Aldhafeeri

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

In this thesis, a new type of haptic teleoperator system for remote control of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) has been developed, where the Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) algorithms are implemented for the purpose of generating the haptic feedback. Specifically, the haptic feedback is provided to the human operator through interaction with artificial potential field built around the obstacles in the virtual environment which is located at the master site of the teleoperator system. The obstacles in the virtual environment replicate essential features of the actual remote environment where the UAV executes its tasks. The state of the virtual environment …

An Ontology And Integration Framework For Smart Communities, Steven Ray, Shishir Kinkar, Mark Hennessy

Steven R Ray

Spike Processing With A Graphene Excitable Laser., Bhavin J Shastri, Mitchell A Nahmias, Alexander N Tait, Alejandro W Rodriguez, Ben Wu, Paul R Prucnal

Henry M. Rowan College of Engineering Faculty Scholarship

Novel materials and devices in photonics have the potential to revolutionize optical information processing, beyond conventional binary-logic approaches. Laser systems offer a rich repertoire of useful dynamical behaviors, including the excitable dynamics also found in the time-resolved "spiking" of neurons. Spiking reconciles the expressiveness and efficiency of analog processing with the robustness and scalability of digital processing. We demonstrate a unified platform for spike processing with a graphene-coupled laser system. We show that this platform can simultaneously exhibit logic-level restoration, cascadability and input-output isolation--fundamental challenges in optical information processing. We also implement low-level spike-processing tasks that are critical for higher …

An Adaptive Security Protocol For A Wireless Sensor‐Based Monitoring Network In Smart Grid Transmission Lines, Xuping Zhang, Feng Ye, Sucheng Fan, Jinghong Guo, Guoliang Xu, Yi Qian

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

In this paper, we propose a new security protocol for a wireless sensor network, which is designed for monitoring long range power transmission lines in smart grid. Part of the monitoring network is composed of optical fiber composite over head ground wire (OPGW), thus it can be secured with conventional security protocol. However, the wireless sensor network between two neighboring OPGW gateways remains vulnerable. Our proposed security protocol focuses on the wireless sensor network part, it provides mutual authentication, data integrity, and data confidentiality for both uplink and downlink transmissions between the sensor nodes and the OPGW gateway. Besides, our …

Compact Nonlinear Yagi-Uda Nanoantennas, Xiaoyan Y.Z. Xiong, Li (Lijun) Jun Jiang, Wei E.I. Sha, Yat Hei Lo, Weng Cho Chew

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Nanoantennas have demonstrated unprecedented capabilities for manipulating the intensity and direction of light emission over a broad frequency range. The directional beam steering offered by nanoantennas has important applications in areas including microscopy, spectroscopy, quantum computing, and on-chip optical communication. Although both the physical principles and experimental realizations of directional linear nanoantennas has become increasingly mature, angular control of nonlinear radiation using nanoantennas has not been explored yet. Here we propose a novel concept of nonlinear Yagi-Uda nanoantenna to direct second harmonic radiation from a metallic nanosphere. By carefully tuning the spacing and dimensions of two lossless dielectric elements, which …

System And Method For Identifying Electrical Properties Of Integrate Circuits, Mary Y. Lanzerotti

AFIT Patents

A new method for displaying electrical properties for integrated circuit (IC) layout designs provides for improved human visualization of those properties and comparison of as designed layout design parameters to as specified layout design parameters and to as manufactured layout parameters. The method starts with a circuitry as designed layout in a first digital format, extracts values for electrical properties from that circuitry as designed layout then annotates those values back into the first digital format. The annotated circuitry as designed layout is then converted from the first digital format to a second digital format that can be converted to …

Staves: Speedy Tensor-Aided Volterra-Based Electronic Simulator, Haotian Liu, Xiaoyan Y.Z. Xiong, Kim Batselier, Lijun Jiang, Luca Daniel, Ngai Wong

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Volterra series is a powerful tool for black-box macro-modeling of nonlinear devices. However, the exponential complexity growth in storing and evaluating higher order Volterra kernels has limited so far its employment on complex practical applications. On the other hand, tensors are a higher order generalization of matrices that can naturally and efficiently capture multi-dimensional data. Significant computational savings can often be achieved when the appropriate low-rank tensor decomposition is available. In this paper we exploit a strong link between tensors and frequency-domain Volterra kernels in modeling nonlinear systems. Based on such link we have developed a technique called speedy tensor-aided …

Quantifying As Path Inflation By Routing Policies, Qixin Gao, Feng Wang, Lixin Gao

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publication Series

A route in the Internet may take a longer AS path than the shortest AS path due to routing policies. In this paper, we systematically analyze AS paths and quantify the extent to which routing policies inflate AS paths. The results show that AS path inflation in the Internet is more prevalent than expected. We first present the extent of AS path inflation observed from the RouteView and RIPE routing tables. We then employ three common routing policies to show the extent of AS path inflation. We find that No-Valley routing policy causes the least AS path inflation among the …

Cable Analysis For Electromagnetic Compatibility Issues, Guanghua Li

Doctoral Dissertations

"This dissertation consists of three papers. In the first paper, a high-sensitivity resonant electric field probe was designed, consisting of an LC resonator loaded by quarter-wave transformers. At the resonant frequency of 1.577 GHz, the measured |S₂₁| from a matched trace to the resonant probe was approximately 6.6 dB higher than that of an equivalently sized broadband probe.

In the second paper, a method for creating a simple SPICE model is proposed such that the SPICE model allows prediction of radiated emissions in component level tests. The radiation from the ground connections between the cables and return plane …

Cepsim: Modelling And Simulation Of Complex Event Processing Systems In Cloud Environments, Wilson A. Higashino, Miriam Am Capretz, Luiz F. Bittencourt

Electrical and Computer Engineering Publications

The emergence of Big Data has had profound impacts on how data are stored and processed. As technologies created to process continuous streams of data with low latency, Complex Event Processing (CEP) and Stream Processing (SP) have often been related to the Big Data velocity dimension and used in this context. Many modern CEP and SP systems leverage cloud environments to provide the low latency and scalability required by Big Data applications, yet validating these systems at the required scale is a research problem per se. Cloud computing simulators have been used as a tool to facilitate reproducible and repeatable …

Electrical Parasitic Bandwidth Limitations Of Oxide-Free Lithographic Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers, Xu Yang

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Nowadays, Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers (VCSELs) are the most popular optical sources in short-reach data communications. In the commercial oxide VCSEL technology, an oxide aperture is created inside resonant cavity in realizing good mode and current confinement, however, high electrical resistance comes along with forming the oxide aperture and the electrical parasitic bandwidth becomes the main limitation in modulation speed. In this report, electrical bandwidths of oxide-free lithographic VCSELs have been studied along with their general lasing properties. Due to the new ways of fabricating the aperture, record low resistances have been achieved in oxide-free lithographic VCSELs with various sizes, while …

High Average Power Nanosecond Pulsed Tm:Fiber Laser For Pumping An Optical Parametric Oscillator, Ali Abdulfattah

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Thulium-doped fiber lasers operating with wavelengths in the vicinity of 2 µm are useful for several emerging applications including generating mid-IR light via nonlinear frequency conversion. In this study we describe the design and construction of a thulium fiber laser system comprising a master oscillator and a power amplifier. The first stage is a Q-switched, thulium-doped photonic crystal fiber oscillator utilizing an acousto-optic modulator to produce 65-80 nanosecond pulses. A diffraction grating in the cavity provides wavelength tunability from 1.8 – 2µm. The oscillator produced up to 3 W of average power and 150 µJ pulse energies, corresponding to 2.3 …

Smart Grid Demonstration: Distributed Active And Reactive Power Control, Siddarth Vellakovil Rajamani

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The present infrastructure of energy delivery was designed over 60 years ago with the goal to be centralized. However, it is aging and is under-utilized, which will potentially limit the world's ability to achieve its energy objective. The lack of vibrant control on the grid makes it difficult to stop cascading power failure, and to achieve high penetration of renewable energy resources, such as wind and solar thus resulting in grid instability. A decentralized and distributed control mechanism implemented with a definite communication protocol solves the issues mentioned above. The electric power grid going into the future is expected to …