Labor Economics Commons^™

Abortion, Income, Wantedness: Evidence From The American Community Survey, Francisco Arceo

All Theses

This paper serves two purposes: (1) to find the effect of the legalization of abortion on future wages and (2) to test Donohue-Levitt's 'Wantedness Hypothesis' (i.e., that relatively more wanted children have superior economic outcomes). Non-parametric evidence suggests that the legalization of abortion increased the annual salary and wage and salary income for people born before 1973 in a state with legal abortion. The OLS specifications suggest that once state surveyed and state of birth effects are included into the models the effect is negative. Once macroeconomic and other unobservable effects are controlled for, I find no evidence of an …

Including Jobs In Benefit-Cost Analysis, Timothy J. Bartik

Upjohn Institute Working Papers

Public policies may affect employment by directly creating jobs, facilitating job creation, or augmenting labor supply. In labor markets with high unemployment, such employment changes may have significant net efficiency benefits, which should be included in benefit-cost analyses.
The research literature offers diverse recommendations on measuring employment benefits. Many of the recommendations rely on arbitrary assumptions. The resulting employment benefit estimates vary widely.
This paper reviews this literature, and offers recommendations on how to better measure employment benefits using estimable parameters. Guidance is provided on measuring policy-induced labor demand, estimating the demand shock’s impact on labor market outcomes, and translating …

An Assessment Of The Bc Careers Employer Resource Network: Its Contributions To The Ern Model, Kevin Hollenbeck, George A. Erickcek, Bridget Timmeney

Reports

No abstract provided.

Options For Addressing Long-Term Unemployment As The Economy Recovers, Ralph E. Smith

Upjohn Institute Policy Papers

The recent recession and its aftermath have once again demonstrated the importance of the unemployment insurance system as a vital part of the nation’s safety net. But some facets of the program are in need of repair, including the high rate at which recipients run out of regular benefits, even in a strong labor market. Since the mid-1970s, the exhaustion rate has increased by three to four percentage points per decade, after adjusting for cyclical variation and temporary benefit extensions. This brief, drawing on an extensive review of research on the secular rise in UI exhaustions and programs designed to …

2011 Workforce Needs Survey, Katherine A. Deck

Publications and Presentations

The Greater Northwest Arkansas Regional Economic Development Strategy identified four priority areas where the region needs to collaborate around specific goals to enhance the overall community. Regional success in Northwest Arkansas will therefore depend on the success of specific goals being achieved in the areas of Infrastructure, Regional Economic Development, Community Vitality and Educational Excellence.

The online survey was distributed to employers through the Northwest Arkansas Community College Workforce Advisory Group, local Chambers of Commerce, Human Resources Professional Groups and other avenues. The survey received 119 respondents. The following report will describe the major findings of the survey.

Intertemporal Substitution In The Time Allocation Of Married Women, Ken Yamada

Research Collection School Of Economics

This paper studies a life-cycle model of home production to examine how married women change their allocation of time in response to evolutionary movements along the life-cycle wage profile in Japan. After accounting for the potential bias due to heterogeneity, measurement error, weak instruments, and missing data, the estimates of intertemporal substitution elasticity obtained from the home production model are moderate and similar to those obtained from the standard labor supply model.

Mncs And The Labour Crunch: Local Jobs May Suffer If Foreign Supply Is Curbed, Hian Teck Hoon

Research Collection School Of Economics

No abstract provided.

Family Background And Economic Outcomes In Japan, Ken Yamada

Research Collection School Of Economics

There has been increasing concern about the influence of elements of family background on children’s future outcomes in Japan. This paper empirically examines the long-term impact of family background, including sibling composition and parental attributes, and reveals how these elements of Japanese women’s family backgrounds affect their educational attainment and investment, labor market outcomes, family formation, and spousal characteristics.

European Welfare Regimes: Political Orientations Versus Poverty, Kosta Josifidis, John B. Hall Professor, Novica Supic, Olgica Ivancev

Economics Faculty Publications and Presentations

This inquiry analyzes how political orientations shape welfare states and labour market institutions when seeking to reduce poverty. In order to identify effects of these two key variables, we conduct a panel regression analysis that includes two poverty measures: poverty rates before and after social spending. This inquiry considers 14 EU countries, and in the period from 1995 to 2008, which are grouped according to welfare state regimes. We consider Social Democratic, Corporatist, Mediterranean and Liberal welfare state regimes. Panel regression results indicate that political orientation engenders no significant statistically measurable effects on poverty rates before social spending. Effects register, …

The Secular Rise In Unemployment Insurance Exhaustions And What Can Be Done About It, Ralph E. Smith

Upjohn Institute Working Papers

Over the past several decades, the rate at which regular unemployment insurance recipients run out of benefits before they have found jobs, even in a strong labor market, has been gradually rising. For example, in 1973, 27.4 percent of UI recipients exhausted their benefits; in 2007 (with a similar unemployment rate) 35.6 percent exhausted. This paper documents the increase in the exhaustion rate, along with the parallel rise in long-term unemployment; examines the consequences; and reviews what has been learned about the efficacy of various approaches for reversing, or at least halting, the trend.

The research on the rise in …

The Hui Migrant Laborers’ Urban Experience And Implications For The Development Of Civil Society In China, Billy Yates

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

Recent unrest in China by migrant laborers’ increasing labor militancy, as well as unrest caused by Islamic groups in China ranging from separatist movements to backlash from discrimination have been the focus of the Chinese government’ attempts to main stability within the PRC. In the largest country in the world, rapid changes as the result of economic liberalization and the introduction of global capitalism have had drastic impacts on society, from increasing inequality to the introduction of Western media and ideas. Unrest has been accompanied by developments in civil society as Islamic institutions chafing under Chinese regulations become places of …

Pension Reform: How Have Workers Fared?, Edward N. Wolff

Employment Research Newsletter

No abstract provided.

Northeast Ohio: Industry Driver And Occupational Highlights, Ohio Board Of Regents, Wright State University, Center For Public And Urban Affairs

Economic Development

Northeast Ohio’s most concentrated industries include the Metals and Machining Industries (focusing on machine shops, ball and roller bearing manufacturing, and iron and steel mills), Advanced Materials (including surgical appliance and supplies) , and Chemicals and Chemical-based Products (primarily plastics product manufacturing).

Southeast Ohio: Industry Driver And Occupational Highlights, Ohio Board Of Regents, Wright State University, Center For Urban And Public Affairs

Economic Development

Southeast Ohio’s most concentrated industries include the Energy Industries (Crude Petroleum & Natural Gas Extraction), Chemicals & Chemical-based Products Industries (including basic inorganic chemical manufacturing) with a growth rate expected to outpace the U.S. growth rate by mid-2015, and the Agribusiness/Food Processing & Technology Industries (including crop & animal production & frozen specialty food manufacturing).

Northwest Ohio: Industry Driver And Occupational Highlights, Ohio Board Of Regents, Wright State University, Center For Public And Urban Affairs

Economic Development

Northwest Ohio’s most concentrated industries include the Metals and Machining Industries (focusing on motor vehicle parts manufacturing, stamping and transmission and power train parts manufacturing), Transportation Equipment Manufacturing (including light truck and utility vehicle manufacturing) with a growth rate that matches the nation’s and well outpaces the State’s, and Chemicals & Chemical-based Products (including plastics product manufacturing) with a growth rate expected to outpace the U.S. rate by 2015.

Ohio: Industry Driver And Occupational Highlights, Ohio Board Of Regents, Wright State University, Center For Urban And Public Affairs

Economic Development

Total employment and location quotient analysis, presented in the charts to the right, underscore the importance of the Health, Business & Financial Services, Advanced Materials, Aerospace & Defense, Information Technologies & Telecommunications (IT), and Transportation & Logistics Industries to the State of Ohio. Top industries also include the Metals & Machining Industries and the Chemicals & Chemical-based Products Industries. Ohio’s industry strengths in Advanced Materials are in large part due to its historic Metals and Machining expertise and its Chemical Industries. Other core strengths in Advanced Materials include instruments, controls & electronics (ICE), as well as surgical appliance and instrument …

Central Ohio: Industry Driver And Occupational Highlights, Ohio Board Of Regents, Wright State University, Center For Urban And Public Affairs

Economic Development

Taking two factors into account—size and concentration of industry—Central Ohio’s dominant industries include the Health Industries, the Business & Financial Services Industries, the Information Technology and Telecommunications Industries, and the Transportation and Logistics industries. Not having substantial employment in the manufacturing industries differentiates Central Ohio’s economy from other major regions of the State. Of about 1.4 million workers in Central Ohio, only 82,000 or 6% are production workers.

Southwest Ohio: Industry Driver And Occupational Highlights, Ohio Board Of Regents, Wright State University, Center For Public And Urban Affairs

Economic Development

Southwest Ohio’s most competitive industries include the Metals and Machining Industries (focusing on parts manufacturing and machine shops), Transportation Equipment Manufacturing Industries (mainly aircraft and motor vehicle parts manufacturing), and Machinery Manufacturing Industries (including machine tool manufacturing as well as tool and die shops).

Social Interactions In The Labor Market, Andrew Grodner, Thomas J. Kniesner, John A. Bishop

Center for Policy Research

We examine theoretically and empirically social interactions in labor markets and how policy prescriptions can change dramatically when there are social interactions present.

Spillover effects increase labor supply and conformity effects make labor supply perfectly inelastic at a reference group average. The demand for a good may also be influenced by either a spillover effect or a conformity effect. Positive spillover increases the demand for the good with interactions, and a conformity effect makes the demand curve pivot to become less price sensitive. Similar social interactions effects appear in the associated derived demands for labor.

Individual and community factors may …

Labor Supply Responses To The 1990s Japanese Tax Reforms, Ken Yamada

Research Collection School Of Economics

The consumption-leisure choice model implies that an exogenous change in tax rates will induce a change in labor supply. This implication is expected to be important to labor supplied by secondary earners under a progressive tax system when spousal income alters effective marginal tax rates. This paper examines labor supply responses to the income tax changes associated with Japanese tax reforms during the 1990s. The results indicate that the hours-of-work elasticity with respect to the net-of-tax rate is 0.8 for married women.