Health Economics Commons^™

Aca Medicaid Expansions Did Not Significantly Improve Maternal Morbidity, Pinka Chatterji, Hanna Glenn, Sara Markowitz, Jennifer Karas Montez

Population Health Research Brief Series

Rising rates of severe maternal morbidity in the U.S. highlight the unmet need for continuous and comprehensive health care for women before, during, and after pregnancy. This data slice summarizes findings from a study that tested whether ACA Medicaid expansions helped reduce severe maternal morbidity, including transfusion, ruptured uterus, unplanned hysterectomy, eclampsia, and the need for intensive care. Results show little evidence that the ACA expansions improved maternal morbidity, other than reducing the need for blood transfusions.

Analysing Pandemic Induced Economic Inequality In Developing Nations, Ravneet Kaur Bhogal

International Journal on Responsibility

The dawn of the new decade of the 21st century saw an unprecedented global crisis. This crisis led the world to halt economic and social progress. It led to a galloping increase in the economic inequality and migration of people in search of opportunities to save them from the current situation. The developing nations saw a sea of people migrating back to their roots in search of safe havens. This has led to the loss of jobs which has increased income inequality. Migrants face the risk of contagion and also the possible loss of employment, wages, and health insurance coverage. …

Comparative Analysis Of The Water Crisis In Guam And New Delhi: Evaluating Causes And Potential Solutions, Jordina Marshall

Global Honors Theses

The core topic of this paper will be an examination of a comparative study of the water issue in India, with a particular emphasis on New Delhi, and the water crisis on the island of Guam, with a large amount of focus being placed on an assessment of the possible causes as well as potential remedies. Due to the impact the water problem has on the ecosystem, the welfare of the populace, and the security of their food supply, a solution must be found. There are rising concerns that endangers the health of both of these nations as well as …

Impacts Of Rising Temperatures On Human Behavior With A Focus On Gender Differences, Stephanie Marie Emilia J. Hermoso

Master's Theses

Climate change is one of the biggest and most pressing issues the world is facing today. While its economic implications are substantial, it is also important to investigate the effects of climate change on human behavior. This paper examines the relationship of rising temperatures and its effect on an individual’s cooperative behavior – specifically egalitarianism, generosity, selfishness, and spite. This study will focus on the differences between how males and females react to the temperature. Research indicates that there are substantial behavioral differences between men and women. How do the economic decisions of men and women differ when interacted with …

The Child Nutrition Cost Of Weather Shocks In Nigeria, Danielle M. Abaya

Master's Theses

Child malnutrition is alarmingly high in Nigeria with the highest number of malnourished children, the second highest population of stunted children worldwide and 17 million Nigerians facing food insecurity. According to the World Health Organization, children are predicted to suffer about 80% of weather-related illnesses and deaths. As climate change continues to pose the greatest health threat and while scientists predict its irreversible effects in the next 10 years, countries such as Nigeria are already experiencing the burden of climate change today. This study uses total rainfall to measure precipitation and two Enhanced Vegetation Index variables, total change in greenness …

Guaranteed Income And Financial Treatment (G.I.F.T.): A 12-Month, Randomized Controlled Trial To Compare The Effectiveness Of Monthly Unconditional Cash Transfers To Treatment As Usual In Reducing Financial Toxicity In People With Cancer Who Have Low Incomes, Meredith Doherty, Jonathan Heintz, Amy Leader, David Wittenburg, Yonatan Ben-Shalom, Jessica Jacoby, Amy Castro, Stacia West

Department of Medical Oncology Faculty Papers

Cancer-related financial hardship (i.e., financial toxicity) has been associated with anxiety and depression, greater pain and symptom burden, treatment nonadherence, and mortality. Out-of-pocket healthcare costs and lost income are primary drivers of financial toxicity, however, income loss is a pronounced risk factor for cancer patients with low incomes. There has been little progress in developing an income intervention to alleviate financial toxicity cancer patients with low incomes. Unconditional cash transfers (UCT), or guaranteed income, have produced positive health effects in experiments with general low-income populations, but have not yet been evaluated in people with cancer. The Guaranteed Income and Financial …

Three Essays In The Economics Of Child Development And Health Inequities, Travis Whitacre

Economics Theses and Dissertations

In chapter 1, I assess the long-term education and labor market effects of missed ADHD diagnoses. Doing so is challenging for two reasons. First, a person's true ADHD status is unobserved; only their diagnosed status is known. Second, even if diagnostic errors are observed, they are likely akin to non-classical misclassification errors and therefore endogenous. To overcome these empirical challenges, I use and extend on a partial observability model with genetic data from Add Health. Through the lens of the partial observability model. I recover an estimate of true ADHD status, and the probability of underdiagnosis. Then, I estimate their …

Rural And Urban Caregiver Experiences Of Financial Strain And Food Insecurity During Pediatric Hospitalizations, Rachel E. Granberg

Research Days

Background: Stress is common among caregivers of hospitalized children. In addition to stress related to their child’s illness, caregivers experience stress related to financial strain and food insecurity during their child’s hospitalization. The burden of financial strain and food insecurity related to pediatric hospitalizations may vary between rural and urban populations.

Objectives/Goal: To identify financial strain and food insecurity experienced by caregivers of hospitalized children and to describe differences between rural and urban populations.

Methods/Design: A prospective cross-sectional survey enrolled a random sample of caregivers of hospitalized children between 8/31/2021 and 12/2/2022 at a single children’s hospital. Demographic information was …

The Correlation Between Traumatic Brain Injury And Incarceration Among Adult Males In The United States, Shadi Shams

Stratford Campus Research Day

The United States has one of the largest growing prison populations in the world. A large amount of social and economic resources go towards the cost and maintenance of correctional facilities each year. Additionally, the current correctional programs are insufficient in assisting inmates with getting back to society; especially those with traumatic brain injury (TBI) who often remain undiagnosed and are usually treated unfairly in the prison system instead of receiving the appropriate help. Prior scholarly work has shown that patients in the post-TBI stage are more likely to enter the judicial system. In the recent population-based cohort study, the …

Barriers To Colorectal Cancer Screening For Low-Income Hispanic Men In Urban Areas Between 50-75, Alex Vega

Stratford Campus Research Day

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. Although CRC screening rates have improved in non-Hispanic whites (NHW), Hispanic adult males (HAM) aged 50-75 in urban areas continue to experience low screening rates and higher CRC morbidity and mortality. This review aims to identify the barriers to CRC screening among HAM and propose targeted interventions to increase screening rates. A comprehensive literature review was conducted using databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Key search terms included "colorectal cancer", "screening", "Hispanic adult males", "urban", "barriers", and "interventions". Factors identified include poverty, language …

Barriers To Doula Use In New Jersey After 2021 Medicaid Coverage Expansion, June Solow, Aashna Reddy, Natali Sharma, Jonathan Lewis

Stratford Campus Research Day

Background: Doulas are trained non-clinical professionals that provide continuous support to a pregnant mother from the prenatal to postpartum period. Presence of a doula has been shown to benefit both mother and newborn health.

Purpose: To determine what prevents doula utilization in New Jersey.

Methods: A review of the current literature about doulas, mothers, clinicians, and legislation in other states was conducted. This included qualitative and quantitative data gathered in the United States.

Results: The most significant barrier from both the mother’s and doula’s perspectives is cost. Besides cost, diversity and number of doulas is low. A major barrier to …

An Economic And Regulatory Analysis Of Breast Cancer Drugs Approved By The Us Food And Drug Administration, Abdullah Althomali

Pharmaceutical Sciences (MS) Theses

Introduction

Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women and the leading cause of cancer death among women worldwide. The pharmacological options for breast cancer include chemotherapy, hormone therapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy, which are used for the prevention or treatment of breast cancer. This study assessed trends in FDA approvals and prices at the market entry of new drugs indicated for breast cancer in the period 1980-2022. The study also evaluated the factors associated with the price of the new breast cancer drugs at market entry.

Material and Methods

Regulatory data were collected from the FDA website, and …

The Influences Of The Public Health Care System And Education System On The Economic Growth Of Swaziland, Grace Greer

International and Global Studies Undergraduate Honors Theses

The Kingdom of Eswatini, also known as Swaziland, has one of the youngest populations in the world with over 70% of citizens being under the age of 18 years old. This creates a substantial opportunity for economic, social, and educational growth in a country previously plagued with diseases such as HIV/AIDS, poor health care infrastructure cutting off thousands from basic care, and an educational system with a very low attendance rate and an even lower graduation rate. By evaluating the root causes of such issues dating back to the colonial era there is an opportunity to reprioritize health care and …

Developing The Food Navigator Role At Everyone's Harvest, Chase Rodriguez

Capstone Projects and Master's Theses

Everyone’s Harvest (EH) is a 501(c)(3) non-profit that operates farmers’ markets. In order to reduce hunger in Monterey County, Everyone's Harvest offers several food assistance programs for low-income people including the Market Match (MM) incentive program which matches CalFresh money, modern day food stamps, dollar for dollar. The problem is that in Monterey County 1 in 4 adults and 1 in 3 children are food insecure. The purpose of the Food Navigator (FN) at EH is to engage with the local community and connect low-income people with food assistance resources, primarily the MM program. This project was a role development …

Debt And The Medicare Eligibility Discontinuity: Disparate Effects Across Households, Olivia Falck

Honors Theses

Public health insurance programs like Medicare and Medicaid have been shown to help reduce household debt caused by healthcare costs. The impact of health insurance literacy makes the relationship between public health programs and debt more ambiguous. The increasing complexity of Medicare raises the question of whether cost savings associated with enrollment might be mitigated by the complexity of choosing the ideal plan for those with low health insurance literacy. In this study, I utilize the Medicare eligibility cutoff at age 65 to implement a regression discontinuity design that analyzes the impact of Medicare eligibility on household debt and out …

A Two-Year Retrospective Evaluation Of Cone Beam Computed Tomography Indications In Pediatric, Adolescent And Adult Patients, Zeynep Betül Arslan, Esra Ceren Tuğutlu

Journal of Dentistry Indonesia

Objective: The objective was to evaluate cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) indications and distribution in pediatric, adolescent and adult patients. Methods: A total of 1013 CBCT images were reviewed in detail from the electronic patient database. The patient’s age, gender, CBCT indications and acquisition sites, referral departments, reason for referral, incidental findings in the imaging field and the presence of artifacts in the CBCT images were all recorded. The European DIMITRA project recommendations were used to categorize CBCT indications in the children and the European Guidelines were used for adults. Results: From a total of 1013 images; 5.3% …

A Prospective-Randomized Study: The Impact Of Four Different Caries Removal Method On Pain And Clinical Evaluations, Merve Aydemir, Serdar Bağlar

Journal of Dentistry Indonesia

Objective: There are many different methods for removing caries. In this study, to evaluate four caries removal methods in terms of patient comfort and to evaluate the clinical success of restorations according to modified-USPHS criteria. Methods: In 31 patients with at least 4 Class II caries in their posterior teeth, 4 teeth were randomly divided into four groups and 4 different methods (conventional method, Carisolv, Papacarie, Er-Cr:YSGG Laser) were used for caries removal. Pain formation during caries removal was determined by FACE Pain Scale questionnaire. The restorations were controlled with Modified-USPHS criteria in 3-6-12 months period. Mann-Whitney U …

Treatment Of Gingival Fenestration Using Mucoperiosteal Flap With Connective Tissue Graft: A Report Of Two Cases, Swati Jaglan, Shikha Tewari

Journal of Dentistry Indonesia

Fenestration term is derived from the Latin word ‘fenestra’ means ‘window’. Gingival fenestration is not found in routine while its actual occurrence is assumed to be higher. Additionally, if these mucogingival defects persist for a longer duration it may lead to adverse outcomes like compromised esthetics, hypersensitivity, plaque and calculus deposition, and susceptibility to dental caries. Present cases of gingival fenestration were successfully treated by using full-thickness flap elevation with connective tissue graft placement. Two cases were presented with the accumulation of plaque and calculus and having gingival fenestration to the respective sites. After phase 1 therapy, full thickness flap …

Treatment Of Oral Vascular Malformations With Ethamolin: A Report Of Two Cases, Maria Clara De Moura Santos Coelho Ferreira, Marco Vinícius De Sales Lima, Anna Laura Almeida Barreto, Dárcio Kitakawa, Alexandre Do Prado Scherma, Felipe Peralta, Luis Felipe Das Chagas E Silva De Carvalho

Journal of Dentistry Indonesia

A hemangioma is a benign vascular neoplasm, relatively common in the head and neck. In the oral region, it affects the tongue, gums, mucosa, palate, and lip. Its size can vary from millimeters to centimeters, characterized as a purplish or reddish lesion. The present study aims to present two clinical cases of hemangiomas, the first of a male patient treated by sclerotherapy and the second of a female patient in which she was treated with ethamolin and later surgical treatment. It was concluded that sclerotherapy, in addition to being a safe treatment, managed to drastically reduce the initial size of …

Management Of Tooth Hypersensitivity Under A Cantilever Fixed Partial Denture Using A Novel Low-Level Laser Therapy Protocol: A Case Report, Mohamed Fattouh, Manal Mohammed Aljuaid, Nada Ali Abdelaleem

Journal of Dentistry Indonesia

Tooth hypersensitivity is a common clinical complaint after dental treatment.

Objective: This study presents a case report of the use of a diode laser for treating tooth hypersensitivity in a patient with a cantilever fixed partial denture abutment.

Case Report: A 23-year-old female patient presented to the Faculty of Dentistry, Umm Al-Qura University in Makkah, with the chief complaint of pain in a deeply carious maxillary right first premolar. The tooth was extracted, and a cantilever fixed partial denture was placed using the second premolar as an abutment. One year later, the patient experienced tooth hypersensitivity under the bridge. Low-level …