Residual Effects Of Two Years Of Very High Nitrogen Applications On Clay Soil Under Grass In A Humid Temperate Climate,
2026
Institute for Soil Fertility
Residual Effects Of Two Years Of Very High Nitrogen Applications On Clay Soil Under Grass In A Humid Temperate Climate, W H. Prins
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In recent field trials on all-grass swards on clay soils, fertilizer rates of 480 kg/ha and higher showed distinct residual effects in the following year. This paper analyzes the considerable residual effects of one treatment on heavy clay soil over 2 experimental years, after very high rates of N had been applied during 3 pretreatment years (totaling 800 kg N or more/ha/yr). The residual effect was measured through the increase in yield over a reference treatment, at one rate of N application ( 40 kg N/ha/cut, totaling 200 and 240 kg N/ha in the first and second experimental years, respectively). …
Liming For Tropical Legume Establishment And Production,
2026
University of Florida
Liming For Tropical Legume Establishment And Production, G H. Snyder, A E. Kretschmer Jr
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Liming has been declared unnecessary for tropical legume production because tropical legumes (1) are efficient in extracting Ca from soils and are tolerant of excess Al, Fe, and Mn, and (2) are readily nodulated by alkali-producing Rhizobium that can function in acid soils. Numerous research reports from Australia, Uganda, Brazil, and Colombia lend credence to this thinking, since no lime responses were observed in those studies. In other work, liming actually depressed tropical legume growth. However, positive responses have been reported in Australia, Hawaii, and Brazil. In Florida, we have observed considerable improvement in the production of Siratro (Macroptilium atropurpureum …
Effect Of Lime On Lucerne In Relation To Soil Acidity Factors,
2026
Department of Agriculture, AU
Effect Of Lime On Lucerne In Relation To Soil Acidity Factors, G P. Mahoney, H R. Jones, J M. Hunter
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Most soils in northeastern Victoria are acid, and problems commonly occur with lucerne (Medicago sativa) establishment and production. Aluminum and manganese have been recognized as major components of soil acidity. Liming to reduce exchangeable aluminum (Al) has been suggested as a rational approach to determining the lime requirements of lucerne growing in acid soils. This study was undertaken to clarify the relationship between soil acidity factors and lucerne growth and to provide a basis for liming recommendations in northeastern Victoria. The aim was: (1) to determine the effect of a range of rates of lime on establishment, production, and …
Some Effects Of Applied Nitrogen On Grass Growth In Field Swards At Different Times Of Year,
2026
University College of Wales
Some Effects Of Applied Nitrogen On Grass Growth In Field Swards At Different Times Of Year, D Wilman, P T. Wright
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Results from 21 field experiments are examined to discover the effects oflevel of applied nitrogen (N) on the regrowth of grass over 8 weeks following a cutting and the situation after about 6 weeks' regrowth, at different times of year. Percentages of N and nitrate Nin herbage generally increased in the early stages of regrowth and then declined. The better the growing conditions were, the faster was the decline. The positive effect of applied Non relative growth rate tended to be greatest and most short-lived when growing conditions were most favorable. Response to applied N increased as growing conditions improved …
Effect Of N-P-K Fertilization On Mineral Composition Of Poa Pratensis L. Grown On A Shallow Muck Soil,
2026
Purdue University
Effect Of N-P-K Fertilization On Mineral Composition Of Poa Pratensis L. Grown On A Shallow Muck Soil, J W. Lightner, C L. Rhykerd, G E. Van Scoyoc, D B. Mengel, C H. Noller, B O. Blair
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
More than 1 million ha of muck soil suitable for agriculture exists in the northern portion of the Corn Belt in the U.S.A. Corn (Zea mays L.) and soybeans (Glycine max [L.J Merrill) are the major grain crops grown on these soils. Because of problems associated with producing grain crops (e.g., wet conditions, early frosts, excessive weed competition), many farmers are using these muck soils for pasture. Since very little information is available on the fertility requirements of the pastures, a 2-year study was initiated in the spring of 1979 on Edwards muck soil (Limnic Medisaprist) on the Pinney-Purdue …
Effect Of Converting Chaparral To Grassland On Soil Fertility In A Mediterranean-Type Climate,
2026
University of California
Effect Of Converting Chaparral To Grassland On Soil Fertility In A Mediterranean-Type Climate, M B. Jones, R L. Koenigs, C E. Vaughn, A H. Murphy
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In the region of Mediterranean-type climate in California, brush is converted to grassland to reduce fire hazards, increase feed for herbivores, and increase water yields. There is little information on how this change of cover type affects soil fertility over a long period. Research was initiated to measure the long-term effect of converting brush to grass on the availability of nutrients in the soil. In 1956 chaparral growing on Los Gatos soil (fine-loamy, mixed mesic family of typic argixerolls) was crushed, burned, and seeded to grasses and clovers, and half the area was fenced to exclude herbivores. Sprouting brush either …
Waste- Water Application, Dry-Matter Production, And Nitrogen Balanced Rhodesgrass Grown On Fine-Textured Soil Or On Sand Dunes,
2026
The Volcani Center
Waste- Water Application, Dry-Matter Production, And Nitrogen Balanced Rhodesgrass Grown On Fine-Textured Soil Or On Sand Dunes, T Kipnis, A Feigin, I Vaisman, J Shalhevet
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The shortage of irrigation water in the semiarid zone of Israel necessitates the use of partially treated municipal effiuents for irrigation of forage grasses. Irrigation with sewage effiuents is being considered very carefully with the aim of maximizing production and minimizing the pollution ha.zarc;l. A high nitrogen (N) input originating from intensive application of effiuent water may well increase dry-matter production, but it also increases t,he pollution hazard. Frequent application of relatively small quantities of effiuent water was suggested as an efficient method of improving N uptake by rhodesgrass ( Chloris gayana Kunth.) swards. It was expected that nitrate pollution …
Manurial Value Of Liquid, Anaerobically Digested Sewage Sludge On Grassland In The West Of Scotland,
2026
University of the West of Scotland
Manurial Value Of Liquid, Anaerobically Digested Sewage Sludge On Grassland In The West Of Scotland, K F. Edgar, R D. Harkess, J Frame
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The manurial value of liquid, anaerobically digested sewage sludge is under assessment in west Scotland to evaluate the effects of disposal on grassland. The concentrations of plant nutrients in sludges have been measured with sludge total N being considered as two fractions, volatile N and organic N. The herbage yield response to sludge N, relative to fertilizer N, has been measured in a number of field trials evaluating the effects of sludge composition and season of application. The concentration of organic N, P, and Kin sludge depends on the dry-matter (DM) concentration, which was quite variable (3-100 g/kg). Volatile N …
Availability Of Soil Phosphate To Tropical Pasture Species,
2026
CSIRO
Availability Of Soil Phosphate To Tropical Pasture Species, F W. Smith
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Quantitative measurements of the amount of soil phosphate available to plants were made by an isotopic-dilution technique (L-value). Following very thorough mixing and equilibration of 32P with soil P, sequential harvests of perennial pasture species were used to monitor the available P pools in two alkaline clay soils. In initial experiments with Cenchrus ciliaris (buffelgrass), an apparent increase was noted in the size of the available P pool over a number of sequential harvests during a 3-month period. This finding suggested that P was being transferred from a previously unavailable pool to the available pool during the experimental period. Planting …
Phosphorus Utilization In Grassland Ecosystems,
2026
Ruakura Soil and Plant Research
Phosphorus Utilization In Grassland Ecosystems, J Karlovsky
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The process of phosphorus (P) fixation by soil was long thought to result in large losses of P, an idea that led to a common belief that plants can recover only about 10 % to 25 % of applied P. Because such small recoveries were considered unrealistic and contrary to common farming experience, the efficiency of P utilization in agricultural ecosystems has been investigated. This was done by using (1) a balance sheet approach in long-term P maintenance trials that had reached a steady state, and (2) published data fitted to a common nutrient cycle for nonsteady-state conditions. The efficiency …
Seed Production Potentials Of Eight Tropical Pasture Species In Regions Of Latin America,
2026
CIAT
Seed Production Potentials Of Eight Tropical Pasture Species In Regions Of Latin America, J E. Ferguson, D Thomas, R P. De Andrade, N Souza Costa, S Jutzi
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Early identification of geographic regions providing high and consistent seed yields for species of interest, especially legumes, would be very advantageous. Our objectives were (1) to identify potential seed yield and the principal determinants thereof for a range of species, (2) to determine progressively the relative seed-production potential of distinct geographic regions, and (3) to stimulate emphasis upon seed-production issues within pasture programs. Eight grass and legume species, either promising accessions or local cultivars, were established in replicated pure stands at five locations. Compound fertilizers were applied, including nitrogen for the grasses. Seed was harvested once each time a seed …
Improved Processing For High-Quality Seed Of Big Bluestem, Andropogon Gerardii, And Yellow Indiangrass, Sorghastrum Nutans,
2026
USDA SCS
Improved Processing For High-Quality Seed Of Big Bluestem, Andropogon Gerardii, And Yellow Indiangrass, Sorghastrum Nutans, R R. Brown, J Henry, W Crowder
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The recent reintroduction of native prairie warm-season grasses for livestock forage in the Corn Belt presents seed-handling problems with some species. Seeding big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii Vitman) and indiangrass (Sorghastrum nutans [L. J Nash) through commonly available seeding equipment is difficult with seed from commercial sources. Commercial seed contains significant amounts ofleaf and stem particles as well as awns and other appendages still attached to the seed. These seed appendages and inert matter prevent an even flow of seed through the seeding equipment. Specially designed rangeland drills handle the seed rather well, but the limited use of this equipment makes …
Selection For Seed Retention In Phalaris Aquatica L.,
2026
University of New England
Selection For Seed Retention In Phalaris Aquatica L., J R. Mcwilliam, C N. Gibbon
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Seed shattering is a problem in most pasture grasses, especially in those that have a history of recent domestication. In many of these grasses, losses from shattering are aggravated by uneven ripening of inflorescences and a low percentage of viable seed. Fragility of the rachilla appears to be the most common cause of seed shattering in grasses, and once this connection is broken, the seed is free to shed from the inflorescence. In some of the more domesticated species, the nature and configuration of the glumes and the manner in which they are packed on the inflorescence play an important …
Inefficient Conversion Of Floret Populations To Actual Seed Harvested In Grass-Seed Crops,
2026
DSIR
Inefficient Conversion Of Floret Populations To Actual Seed Harvested In Grass-Seed Crops, K R. Brown
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Obtaining more than 34 machine-dressed seeds from every 100 florets in trials at Lincoln, New Zealand, was uncommon. In ryegrass (Lolium sp.), Grasslands Matua prairie grass (Bromus catharticus Vahl), and G17 cocksfoot (Dacrylis glomerata L.) crops, the larger the floret population, the lower the number of seeds obtained from every 100 florets. Nitrogen (N) improved the return, and in prairie grass the return increased as the rate ofN increased beyond 20 kg N/ha. In prairie grass, floret populations decreased as row spacings increased. With this seed, recovery was highest at wide row spacings, but in cocksfoot the reverse was true. …
Effect Of Different System Of Seed Treatment, Packing, And Storage On Vigor And Germination Of Five Tropical Forage Legumes,
2026
Semillas la Pradera
Effect Of Different System Of Seed Treatment, Packing, And Storage On Vigor And Germination Of Five Tropical Forage Legumes, R Cabrales, J Bernal
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Production of tropical forage·lme seeds is expensive. Very often, the establishment of mixtures is difficult because of lack of uniformity in vigor and germination of the legume seed. Treatment with chemical compounds has been reported to be useful in breaking dormancy. The packing material and temperature of storage have also been reported to affect seed vigor and germination. The following treatments were applied to recently harvested seeds of tropical kudzu (Pueraria phaseoloides [Roxb.) Benth.), clitoria (Clitoria ternatea L.), centrosema (Centrosema pubescens Benth.), siratro (Macroptilium atropurpureum DC. Urb.), and desmodium (Desmodium intortum [Mill.) Fawc. and Rendle): concentrated sulfuric acid (96 % …
Seed Production For The Establishment Of Pennisteum Americanum X P. Purpureum F1 Hybrid Pastures,
2026
University of Ibadan
Seed Production For The Establishment Of Pennisteum Americanum X P. Purpureum F1 Hybrid Pastures, M E. Aken'ova, H R. Chheda
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Several genotypes among the interspecific F 1 hybrids between Maiwa, a short-day, photoperiod-sensitive local cultivar of pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum [L.] Leeke), and elephant grass (P. purpureum Schumach) produced at the University of Ibadan, Nigeria, combine the high dry-matter yield potential and perenniality of elephant grass with greater acceptability to livestock and increased digestibility, resulting in higher live-weight gains than elephant grass. Though sterile, the Fr Pennisetum hybrids are easily propagated vegetatively. Distribution over a wider area of adaptation can be facilitated by large-scale F 1 seed production utilizing cytoplasmic male-sterile pearl millet. Cytoplasmic male-sterile Maiwa was developed by transferring …
Effect Of Autumn And Spring Defoliation And Defoliation Method On Seed Yield Of Lolium Perenne,
2026
University of Nottingham
Effect Of Autumn And Spring Defoliation And Defoliation Method On Seed Yield Of Lolium Perenne, P D. Hebbleethwaite, T.G A. Clemence
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Trials in 1979 and 1980 evaluated the effect of autumn and spring defoliations on fertile apex removal, tiller survival, seedyield components, and seed and forage yield in two amenity- and one agricultural-type perennial ryegrasses (Lolium perenne), established in the autumn. Methods (reciprocating mower or sheep), height (3-5 cm or 6-8 cm) of defoliation, and the addition of supplementary nitrogen (N) after defoliation were evaluated in the variety Royal in 1980. In both years and all varieties, autumn defoliation had no significant effect on seed yield. With the exception of Royal in 1980, seed yields were reduced by cutting, if it …
Post Residue As A Management Tool In Grass-Seed Production,
2026
Oregon State University
Post Residue As A Management Tool In Grass-Seed Production, D O. Chilcote, H W. Youngberg, W C. Young Iii
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Postharvest residue burning, initiated in Oregon in the early 1940s to control blind seed disease in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), has been found to be a most effective field sanitation method that also enhances seed yield. It is now a general practice in Oregon, and its use is expanding to other regions. Questions of how burning beneficially affects grass-seed crop production have been the focus of many studies conducted over several years in the Willamette Valley. These studies were given impetus by the concern for clean air in certain locations in Oregon. The objectives of the research were (1) …
Trials On Time Of Nitrogen Application In The Spring To Various Grasses Grown For Seed Production,
2026
State Research Station
Trials On Time Of Nitrogen Application In The Spring To Various Grasses Grown For Seed Production, A Nordestgaard
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
With most of the grasses grown for seed in Denmark, a series of trials has been carried out on increasing nitrogen rates in the autumn combined with increasing rates in the spring. The results of these trials show that an autumn application of nitrogen is very important to most of the grasses and necessary if the optimum yield of seed is to be achieved. In order to find the best time to apply nitrogen in the spring when producing grass seed, a number of trials have been carried out in recent years with various grasses. Up to and including 1980, …
Livestock Resources In The World Food Supply,
2026
The Rockefeller University
Livestock Resources In The World Food Supply, J A. Pino
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
I would like to express my appreciation to the Governing Board of the XIV International Grassland Congress , to Dr. Robert Barnes, its President, and especially to Dr. John E. Baylor, Chairman of the Governing Board of the XIV International Grassland Congress, for the kind invitation to speak at this distinguished gathering. I am pleased also to be in the state of Kentucky, a recognized leader in pasture and forage research and practice, a recognition attested to by this Congress . I regret that my own schedule did not allow me to participate in the various scientific and technical sessions …
