Assessing The Role Of Steam Explosivity In Shallow And Deep Marine Environments,
2024
San Jose State University
Assessing The Role Of Steam Explosivity In Shallow And Deep Marine Environments, Frederick Ede
Master's Theses
Volcaniclastic deposits formed in shallow and deep marine environments show strikingly different characteristics resulting from the ability of steam to assist in lava fragmentation. Deep marine deposits come from recent lava flows at Axial Seamount, formed around 1,500 m water depth, while shallow marine samples come from Miocene Columbia River Basalt Group (CRBG) lava flows that were emplaced in a shallow marine to subaerial environment and are now exposed on the Oregon coast. Volcaniclastic material from these two environments was compared using granulometry, componentry, and mapping. Lithofacies from the CRBG contained abundant ash and lapilli sized clasts with a high …
Charlotte: A Modern Tool For Cave Surveying,
2024
G.S. Talpe del Carso - J.K. Kraski Krti, Italy
Charlotte: A Modern Tool For Cave Surveying, Luca Tringali Mr., Giacomo Canciani Dr., Alexander Debenjak, Tecla Tripari
International Journal of Speleology
The future of cave surveying is a full 3D scan, as automatic as possible, capturing all morphologically relevant details. However, the vast majority of cavers are still using tools designed more than 15 years ago. The advancements in tools for architects, CAD designers, programmers of VR and robotics could be helpful also for the caving community. That’s why Charlotte, a cheap DIY 2.5D scanner designed for cave surveying, was developed and built. To demonstrate its capabilities, a new survey of Grotta Regina del Carso cave (cad. nr. 2328/4760VG), the biggest cave in the Gorizia Karst, has been realized and published. …
Hypogene Speleogenesis In Carbonates By Cooling Hydrothermal Flow: The Case Of Mt. Berenike Caves, Israel,
2024
Duke University, Durahm, USA
Hypogene Speleogenesis In Carbonates By Cooling Hydrothermal Flow: The Case Of Mt. Berenike Caves, Israel, Roi Roded, Boaz Langford, Einat Aharonov, Piotr Szymczak, Micka Ullman, Shemesh Yaaran, Boaz Lazar, Amos Frumkin
International Journal of Speleology
The Berenike hypogenic cave system near Lake Kinneret, Israel, provides a valuable case study for investigating the recently proposed Confined-Cooling-Flow (CCF) speleogenesis model. Field and speleological surveys, along with existing research, are used to provide a thorough analysis. The CCF model relies on a simple thermo-hydro-chemical scenario, involving the rise of CO2-rich hydrothermal fluids discharging into a confined layer. The cooling of these CO2-rich fluids turns them into aggressive solutions due to the inverse relation between temperature and solubility of carbonates (retrograde solubility). Previous geochemical and numerical analyses of the CCF model predict localized and persistent dissolution and speleogenesis on …
Peri-Gondwanan Sediment In The Arkoma Basin Derived From The North: The Detrital Zircon Record Of A Uniquely Concentrated Non-Laurentian Source Signal In The Late Paleozoic,
2024
U.S. Geological Survey, Denver
Peri-Gondwanan Sediment In The Arkoma Basin Derived From The North: The Detrital Zircon Record Of A Uniquely Concentrated Non-Laurentian Source Signal In The Late Paleozoic, Tyson M. Smith, Marieke Deshesne, Jaime A.M. Hirtz, Glenn R. Sharman, Mark R. Hudson, Brandon M. Lutz, Neil Griffis
Geosciences Faculty Publications and Presentations
During the assembly of Pangea, peri-Gondwanan terranes collided with the eastern and southern margins of Laurentia and brought with them unique detrital zircon U-Pb signatures. Discriminating between individual peri-Gondwanan terranes in the detrital record is difficult due to their similar geologic histories. However, characterization of this provenance is critical for understanding late Paleozoic sediment routing during development of Pangea. Along southeastern Laurentia, in the Arkoma Basin (present-day Arkansas and eastern Oklahoma, southeastern United States), we identified Middle Pennsylvanian (Desmoinesian) strata that exhibit a concentrated peri-Gondwanan detrital zircon signature (e.g., ca. 800–550 Ma). Although several southern peri-Gondwanan terranes (e.g., Maya, Suwannee) …
Polygenetic Cave Sedimentation And Speleogenesis In The Mccloud Limestone Of Northern California,
2024
Western Kentucky University
Polygenetic Cave Sedimentation And Speleogenesis In The Mccloud Limestone Of Northern California, Niles Lathrop
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
Caves in the Permian-aged, McCloud Limestone of the Klamath Mountains of Northern California preserve a diverse range of clastic sediments that represent broad-scale variations in paleo-hydrologic conditions and transport mechanisms that hint at varied modes of speleogenesis through local landscape development. Caves in the McCloud Limestone exhibit a range of cave passage geometries and arrangements that suggests periods of both hypogene and epigene cave development through temporal and spatial scales. This study evaluates the variability in the distribution, mineralogy, and transport mechanisms of clastic-cave sediments in seven hydrologically-distinct caves in the McCloud Limestone to establish relationships between clastic-cave sedimentation and …
Development And Application Of The Sinkhole Hazard Risk Index To Inform Karst Policy And Mitigation Planning,
2024
Western Kentucky University
Development And Application Of The Sinkhole Hazard Risk Index To Inform Karst Policy And Mitigation Planning, Meghan Puente
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
Sinkholes are geologic hazards that occur in karst landscapes and can be highly destructive and costly. Sinkhole mitigation plans and development policies are nonexistent at the federal level within the United States and vary significantly at the state level. The lack of a unified standard for sinkhole mitigation planning is partly due to a lack of available data and resources needed to assess sinkhole risk. While there are established sinkhole assessments within the literature, they focus more on the detection and prediction of sinkholes rather than a holistic approach to risk assessment. The goal of this study is to create …
Transformation Of Organic To Inorganic Nitrogen In Nh4 +-Illite-Bearing And Ga-Al-Ree-Rich Bituminous Coals: Evidence From Nitrogen Isotopes And Functionalities,
2024
China University of Mining and Technology Beijing
Transformation Of Organic To Inorganic Nitrogen In Nh4 +-Illite-Bearing And Ga-Al-Ree-Rich Bituminous Coals: Evidence From Nitrogen Isotopes And Functionalities, Qian Wang, Shifeng Dai, Victor P. Nechaev, David French, Ian Graham, Lei Zhao, Shaowei Zhang, Yang Liang, James C. Hower
Earth and Environmental Sciences Faculty Publications
Nitrogen is one of the most important elements and mainly occurs as organic forms in coal, and in a few cases, in an inorganic form. Organic nitrogen in coal is mainly derived from the proteins of plants and micro-organisms but sources of inorganic nitrogen remain controversial. One hypothesis for the source of inorganic nitrogen is the organic matter of coal, but this lacks strong evidence. In the Daqingshan Coalfield of Inner Mongolia, northern China, an igneous intrusion in the east of the coalfield led to a coal rank increase from the Hailiushu through the Datanhao mines to the Adaohai mine …
Silica Fault Mirror Development Along The Cordillera Blanca Detachment Fault, Peru,
2024
Utah State University
Silica Fault Mirror Development Along The Cordillera Blanca Detachment Fault, Peru, Kayla Michelle Chaudoir
All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Fall 2023 to Present
Earthquakes occur along planes of geologic weakness called faults. Thin, light-reflective surfaces on faults are called fault mirrors and often considered signatures of previous earthquakes along these faults. The Cordillera Blanca mountain range in the Peruvian Andes provides a natural laboratory to explore meter scale exposures of fault mirrors. Three naturally formed fault mirror samples were collected from the Cordillera Blanca detachment fault which runs along the edge of the Cordillera Blanca mountain range. Prior work on this fault reveals that it is capable of destructive earthquakes every few thousand years and is a significant earthquake hazard to the surrounding …
Shaking Off The Rust: Unraveling The Depositional And Diagenetic History Of Enigmatic Ferroan Dolostones In The Cambrian Bright Angel Formation, Tonto Group, Grand Canyon,
2024
Utah State University
Shaking Off The Rust: Unraveling The Depositional And Diagenetic History Of Enigmatic Ferroan Dolostones In The Cambrian Bright Angel Formation, Tonto Group, Grand Canyon, Joseph J. Clevenger
All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Fall 2023 to Present
Within the siliciclastic-sediment-dominated Bright Angel Formation (BAF) of the iconic Cambrian sedimentary strata (Tonto Group) in Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona, workers have identified and named prominent reddish-brown cliffs breaking up the generally slope-forming unit near, but separated from, its upper contact with the limestone-dominated Muav Formation, the "Rusty Brown Dolostones" (RBDs). Previous hypotheses suggest that the RBDs are chemically and physically altered tongues of the Muav Formation intercalated with the BAF at increasingly higher stratigraphic positions from west to east within the Canyon. A genetic association between the Muav Formation and the RBDs, as well as between the RBDs …
Rock Wall Fracturing As A Potential Control On River Valley Width In The Buffalo National River, Arkansas,
2024
University of Arkansas, Fayetteville
Rock Wall Fracturing As A Potential Control On River Valley Width In The Buffalo National River, Arkansas, Kindle Hon
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Quantifying bedrock properties that control the persistence of fallen rock material (talus) along bedrock walls bounding river valleys may be a key factor in understanding what controls the rate at which these river valleys widen. My work is a component of a collaborative research project focused on the overarching hypothesis that the persistence vs. erodibility of talus that buffers river valley walls can be a first-order control on valley widening rates. I hypothesize that the primary control for creating erodible or persistent talus is the fracture spacing of bedrock valley walls as it sets the maximum block size of collapsed …
Environments And Controls Of Erosional Bedforms In Soluble Channels,
2024
University of Arkansas, Fayetteville
Environments And Controls Of Erosional Bedforms In Soluble Channels, Ethan W. Oleson
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Erosional bedforms, such as scallops, preserve valuable information on the paleohydrologic conditions forming soluble channels in karst systems. While these bedforms are commonly used to interpret past conditions, questions about their formation remain. Mathematical models of speleogenesis in turbulent flow predict that the conditions for forming scallops do not occur in natural carbonate systems. However, scallops are readily found in caves throughout the world. This conundrum has several possible resolutions, but each lacks field-based observations. We present a field-based study of the environments and controls of scallops in gypsum, limestone, and dolostone caves. Our results are based on field observation, …
Characterizing Groundwater Flow Across The Barrier Island-High Marsh Interface,
2024
Coastal Carolina University
Characterizing Groundwater Flow Across The Barrier Island-High Marsh Interface, Dean Michael Wrobel
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The freshwater resources of barrier islands are influenced by a variety of hydrogeologic factors, which create unique regions of groundwater composition. Factors including evapotranspiration, geologic constraints, tidal forcing, and meteoric inputs influence subterranean flow creating a groundwater salinity gradient throughout the island-marsh setting which directly influences the spatial distribution of dominant vegetation on the island. Rising sea levels and variation in local climate may alter the hydrologic balance on barrier islands, potentially shifting salinity gradients and ecological baselines on short timescales. The intrusion of saltwater into the barrier island freshwater system could result in the shifting of ecotones and potential …
Exploring Intraplate Seismicity In The Midwest,
2024
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Exploring Intraplate Seismicity In The Midwest, Alexa Fernández
Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research
Intraplate seismicity represents a notable occurrence within the stable North American Craton. This research explores the potential sources of stresses that could reactivate older faults and influence seismic activity within this region. Among these sources, the enduring impact of the last glacial period is considered, which includes continued glacial isostatic adjustments (GIA). During GIA the lithosphere rebounds due to the retreating ice, and the forebulge caused by far-field flexure in response to the glacial load, collapses. This results in significant faulting, fracturing, and seismic activity associated with the deglaciation phase. The adjustment of the lithosphere manifests as both near surface …
Sensitivity Of Present And Future Seasonal Precipitation Over Central United States To The Representation Of Rocky Mountain Topography,
2024
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Sensitivity Of Present And Future Seasonal Precipitation Over Central United States To The Representation Of Rocky Mountain Topography, Ranasinghe Disanayakalage Sherly Shelton Ranathunga
Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research
Precipitation change across the Central United States (USA) is of great interest to the research community. Studies using global climate simulations suggest that the “100th-Meridian”, which separates the “dry west” from the “moist east” will shift to the east as the climate responds to future emissions pathways. However, these simulations are run at relatively coarse resolutions, which do not accurately represent topography. Here, we perform regional simulations using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model to explore the sensitivity of present and future precipitation patterns across the central USA to the representation of the Rocky Mountains (RM). We …
Using Raman Spectroscopy To Validate Metamorphic P-T Paths From Western New Hampshire,
2024
Boise State University
Using Raman Spectroscopy To Validate Metamorphic P-T Paths From Western New Hampshire, Alexis Thomas
Boise State University Theses and Dissertations
Constructing and interpreting pressure-temperature (P-T) paths in metamorphic rocks is crucial to understanding tectonic processes occurring at mid- to deep-crustal levels. Conventional methods for obtaining P-T paths rely on mineral chemistry, such as chemical zoning in garnets, which assumes growth at chemical equilibrium. However, studies show that garnet growth can occur with disequilibrium nucleation, which can result in a biased or potentially incorrect P-T path. An alternative, physics-based approach using Raman spectroscopy can also be used to determine P-T paths. This method involves using elastic thermobarometry of quartz inclusions within garnet. In this study, I tested the hypothesis that P-T …
Exploring Overbank Sediment Deposition Variation In Heavily Modified Floodplains Of The Lower Mississippi River: A Sedimentological And Geophysical Analysis,
2024
The University of Southern Mississippi
Exploring Overbank Sediment Deposition Variation In Heavily Modified Floodplains Of The Lower Mississippi River: A Sedimentological And Geophysical Analysis, Seth Fradella
Master's Theses
Since the 1930s, the Lower Mississippi River (LMR) has experienced large-scale modifications to the channel profile and surrounding floodplains through dams, dikes, revetments, dredging, and channel cutoffs. Although these changes have improved navigation and reduced flood risk, unanticipated changes to the major flood return period, individual flood severity and duration, and sediment regime have become increasingly apparent and sometimes problematic, such as the 2011 and 2018-2020 floods. Flood control levees along the LMR have reduced the natural floodplain area by 70-90%, resulting in heavily restricted overbank storage capacity of water and sediment. For the same flood events in recent history, …
El Centro De Almacenamiento De Carbono Roughrider,
2024
University of North Dakota
El Centro De Almacenamiento De Carbono Roughrider, Universidad De Dakota Del Norte. Centro De Investigación De Energía Y Ambiental
EERC Brochures and Fact Sheets
Hojas informativas acerca del Centro de Almacenamiento de Carbono Roughrider, un Proyecto de CarbonSAFE. El Proyecto del Centro de Almacenamiento de Carbono Roughrider está investigando la viabilidad para el almacenamiento Seguro y permanente de CO2 en el condado McKenzie, Dakota del Norte.
Drilling Faqs,
2024
University of North Dakota
Drilling Faqs, University Of North Dakota. Energy And Environmental Research Center
EERC Brochures and Fact Sheets
Fact sheet about geological research drilling. Cylindrical rock samples, called cores, and geologic data will be collected from an exploratory hole drilled in McKenzie County, North Dakota.
The Roughrider Carbon Storage Hub,
2024
University of North Dakota
The Roughrider Carbon Storage Hub, University Of North Dakota. Energy And Environmental Research Center
EERC Brochures and Fact Sheets
Fact sheet regarding the Roughrider Carbon Storage Hub, a CarbonSAFE project. The Roughrider Carbon Storage Hub project is investigating the feasibility of safe, permanent storage of CO2 in McKenzie County, North Dakota.
Preguntas Más Frecuentes De Perforación,
2024
University of North Dakota
Preguntas Más Frecuentes De Perforación, Universidad De Dakota Del Norte. Centro De Investigación De Energía Y Ambiental
EERC Brochures and Fact Sheets
Hoja informativa acerca de la investigación geológica de la perforación. Muestras de roca cilíndricas, llamadas núcleos de roca, y datos geológicos serán adquiridos en un pozo exploratorio perforado en el Condado McKenzie, Dakota del Norte
