Industrial and Organizational Psychology Commons^™

Peer-Assisted Learning In Miller Analogies Tasks, Preston S. Menke

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The present study aimed to investigate the role of peer-assisted learning (PAL) on individual performance using a relatively complex Miller Analogies Task (MAT). I found that low-ability learners benefitted from PAL. Furthermore, this may be explained by a significant trust mechanism indicating that learners who correctly identified trustworthy peers had greater performance. I did not find support for a significant difference between PAL and individual learning conditions. This study provides evidence for the role of scaffolding, where low-ability learners may benefit from identifying who to guide them when engaging in a social peer-learning task.

Impact Of Organizational Culture And Leadership In Professional Environments, Eli Wolman

Capstone Showcase

This paper addresses the importance of a strong organizational culture and effective leadership in a professional working environment. Leadership has been shown to profoundly impact a professional working environment's performance, productivity, mental well-being, and goal attainment. Organizational Culture is the set of values and norms a group shares. As influential organizational culture proves to be effective, leadership may come in the form of several styles, including transformational leadership, directive leadership, or empowering leadership, which also play a pivotal role in the success of a group. Ultimately, even though this paper primarily prioritizes the implications of leadership and culture on professional …

(In)Attention To Attractive Brand Alternatives, Danielle J. Brick, Veronica L. Thomas

Marketing Faculty Publications

Understanding how consumers maintain their brand relationships has important implications for marketers as committed consumers contribute significant value to firms. In the present research, we propose and test one such way consumers protect their brand relationships, namely through attentional avoidance of attractive alternative partners. Across multiple studies, we find support for our theory that committed consumers avoid attending to alternative brand partners by recalling less about and spending less time focused on attractive alternatives. We further find that this inattention occurs because consumers view the competing brand as a threat to the consumer’s current relationship. In addition, we investigate a …

Diversifying The Workforce: Women In Plumbing, Aviva Maxon

Scripps Senior Theses

Exploring the benefits and challenges of being women in plumbing through first person narratives.

The Evolution Of Attractiveness: A Comparative Analysis Of Beauty Norms At Scripps College, Molly Craig

Scripps Senior Theses

This undergraduate thesis investigates the beauty norms present at Scripps College, a historically women's college in California. The study extends previous research by introducing the concept of the 'beauty gap' between the Real Beauty Standard (RBS) and the Perceived Beauty Standard (PBS), highlighting the influence of meso-level norms within the college community. Utilizing a newly developed scale, the Attractiveness Standard Norms (ASN), in addition to the Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale and the Self-Objectification Questionnaire, the research examines the evolution of beauty norms between Freshmen and Senior year. A sample of 57 respondents from the Freshman and Senior classes participated in …

Analyzing Employee Perceptions On Monitoring In The Workplace, Jacob W. Holden

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

This literature review will focus on companies' and employees' views on electronic workplace monitoring, surveillance, and tracking, the ethicality of such activity, and the benefits and drawbacks of such activity. I conducted a literature review with the specific research question "How does a company's policy on workplace monitoring, surveillance, and tracking affect employees' or potential candidates' view on working for the company?". I discuss four scholarly articles and the implications they have on how electronic performance monitoring (EPM) systems are perceived in the workplace.

Classification Models Using Python In Industrial/Organizational Psychology, Beyza Ceylan

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

Companies, industries, and places of business use artificial intelligence and statistics to predict the characteristics of their employees and staff. Data collected from these individuals is also used to make decisions about them regarding their work life, such as promotions, salaries, or within the hiring process. Two models that are commonly used throughout the field of psychology and specifically in industrial/organizational psychology are the linear regression and the logistic regression. Examining different classification models using Python shows the potential that there may be different models that are more accurate in their predictions of employee success, including a Random Forest model …

Gaze Transition Entropy As A Measure Of Attention Allocation In A Dynamic Workspace Involving Automation, Zixin Cui, Tetsuya Sato, Austin Jackson, Sampath Jayarathna, Makoto Itoh, Yusuke Yamani

Psychology Faculty Publications

Real-world work environments require operators to perform multiple tasks with continual support from an automated system. Eye movement is often used as a surrogate measure of operator attention, yet conventional summary measures such as percent dwell time do not capture dynamic transitions of attention in complex visual workspace. This study analyzed eye movement data collected in a controlled a MATB-II task environment using gaze transition entropy analysis. In the study, human subjects performed a compensatory tracking task, a system monitoring task, and a communication task concurrently. The results indicate that both gaze transition entropy and stationary gaze entropy, measures of …

Examining The Effects Of Parameter Correlation And Its Implications For Models Of Learning And Retention: A Large Scale Model Validation : Examining The Effects Of Parameter Correlation And Its Implications For Models Of Learning Andretention: A Large Scale Model Validation, Michael Gordon Collins

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Mathematical models of learning and retention have long been developed in psychology for both basic and applied research. For basic research, models of learning and retention attempt to explain how individuals acquire and retain information over time. While for applied research, models of learning and retention are used to inform education and training decisions. In both of these applications, the primary purpose of using a model is to fit and predict the performance of individuals. However, little attention has been paid to the interpretation of a model’s free parameters (i.e., learning and decay rates) and the effect that a model’s …

Is There More To Organizational Justice Than "Just" Fairness? A Meta-Analysis On The Construct Validity Of Overall Justice, Alec C. Drabish

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Despite there being many meta-analyses on organizational justice in the last 25 years, no meta-analysis has focused on overall justice, a global perception of fairness in organizations. In light of this, my dissertation is a meta-analysis focused on the construct validity of overall justice and its integration with key models of organizational justice. To do this, I identified 183 independent samples from across the globe that use Ambrose and Schminke’s (2009) perceived overall justice scale. From there, I used a combination of traditional meta-analytic techniques and meta-analytic structural equation modelling to test my hypotheses. Foremost, I found that overall justice …

Attentional Demands Of Smooth Pursuit, Sasha Marie Willis

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The current study investigates whether maintenance of smooth pursuit eye movements requires attention or if the traditional small-spot pursuit stimulus has propagated this long-held belief by imposing the attentional demands of the saccadic system (through foveation) onto the pursuit task. Using a within-subjects design, we compare single- and dual-task performance for two difficulty levels of an auditory tone discrimination task and a pursuit eye movement task with both small and large pursuit targets (N = 10). Pursuit performance improved when target size increased (for catch-up saccade rate and steady-state gain) and when auditory task difficulty increased (for catch-up saccade rate). …

Emotional Expression Between Ceo And Chairperson As A Micro-Foundation Of Organizational Capabilities: An Exploratory Mixed Methods Study, John Paul Stephens

Faculty Scholarship

The work relationships between CEOs and Chairpersons are key to the functioning of the firm. This study uses survey and interview data to explore how these work relationships serve as a micro-foundation for an organization's communication climate. Survey data suggested that CEO-Chairperson relationships can be characterized by emotional carrying capacity (ECC; constructively expressing more positive and negative emotions). The survey-based model further demonstrated that CEOs and Chairpersons perceive their ECC to positively predict organizational communication climate and, in turn, knowledge creation capabilities. The latter, in turn, are positively associated with firm performance. CEO-Chairperson dyadic interview data supplemented the associations identified …

Non-Technical Skills Proficiency In Aviation Pilots: A Systematic Review, Seda Ceken

International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace

This systematic review aims to examine the role of non-technical competencies in pilot selection and flight operations, and explore the methods used for their assessment. It has been discerned that relying solely on technical flying skills is insufficient for a pilot; there is a growing understanding that a pilot candidate must possess and adeptly employ non-technical skills, commonly referred to as Crew Resource Management (CRM) skills. This systematic review was designed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. For this review, a systematic search was conducted across seven databases. Seventeen publications were included in …

Fatigue Reporting In Hellenic Skies: Attitudes, Barriers And Insights From Military, Commercial And General Aviation Pilots, Panagiotis Kioulepoglou, Katerina M. David, Vassilios Nikolaidis, Ilias Makris

International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace

Fatigue has long been a concern in aviation, especially today, with the ever-increasing traffic volume, pilot shortage, and operations that often disrupt the body’s natural biological rhythms. Despite the implementation of sophisticated fatigue reporting schemes, aviation organizations still face challenges, as many studies indicate that pilots often encounter barriers to effectively report their fatigue. As relevant research in Greece was scarce, the main objective of this study was to explore Greek pilots' attitudes towards fatigue reporting, identify the most significant barriers, and recommend mitigation measures based on the participants' perspectives. To that end, 18 semi-structured interviews were conducted and analyzed …

Workplace Wellbeing And Sense Of Mattering Among Small And Medium Enterprise Workers In Canada, Kyle Smilovsky

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) are an under researched area when it comes to workplace wellbeing in Canada. The current research used the Job-Demands Resource Framework (JD-R) to study how a Community Psychology concept, sense of mattering, relates to workload, and indicators of wellbeing (i.e., burnout and flourishing). Specifically, this study tested whether sense of mattering moderates the association between workload and both burnout and flourishing. Moderated mediation models were also tested to see if workload is indirectly associated with burnout and flourishing through distress, while being moderated by sense of mattering. Questionnaires were administered to 2,500 Canadian SME workers …

Overcoming The Unseen: Understanding Diverse Canadian Workers’ Well-Being During The Beginning Of The Coronavirus Pandemic, Tyler M. Pacheco

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Canadian workers were severely affected by the onset of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. The rapid spread of the pathogen across Canada resulted in several work-related consequences (e.g., temporary/indefinite layoffs and business closures, mandatory working-from-home) that could have impacted workers’ well-being during this turbulent period. Research available at the start of this dissertation process, and even more recently published studies, primarily explored general trends in workers’ negative well-being during COVID-19, not examining the distinct realities that diverse workers, including more marginalized ones, may have experienced. Across three manuscripts, several theories from diverse disciplines (positive, developmental, community, and industrial-organizational psychology, public health) …

To Make Or Buy: How Does Strategic Team Selection And Shared Leadership Strategy Interact To Impact Nba Team Effectiveness?, Brandon Purvis

Industrial-Organizational Psychology Dissertations

The study of shared leadership is growing to address the challenges faced in an increasingly dynamic and interdependent workplace. Shared leadership under the right conditions has been found to be related to team adaptability, creativity, and effectiveness. However, there is growing research on the conditions that limit or enhance the effectiveness of shared leadership. Specifically, it was proposed that teams which are more made than bought (internally developed) should adopt a shared leadership model. In contrast, teams that are more bought than made (developed externally) should use a traditional hierarchical team leadership model. Using data from the National Basketball Association …

Qic-Wd Teaming Guidance, Quality Improvement Center For Workforce Development (Qic-Wd)

Other QIC-WD Products

QIC-WD Teaming Structure

Overview

As you begin to plan for the first QIC-WD on-site meeting, the QIC-WD WIE team would like you to think about the site’s teaming structure. The development of the site’s governance/teaming structure will occur over time, evolving to meet the changing needs of the initiative. The QIC-WD WIE team will work with the sites to ensure the development of teaming structures that support the work of the initiative.

Characteristics of Effective Teams

Effective teams share the following common characteristics:

• Have passion for and commitment to the initiative
• Have clarity of each team members’ roles and responsibilities …

Collaborating To Conduct A Child Welfare Workforce Needs Assessment And Select An Intervention, Quality Improvement Center For Workforce Development (Qic-Wd)

Other QIC-WD Products

OVERVIEW OF EXPLORATION PHASE

The QIC-WD Continuous Workforce Development Process includes four major phases: Exploration, Installation, Initial Implementation, and Full Implementation . The goal of the Exploration phase is to identify and plan for implementation of a workforce strategy to find and/or keep good employees. This document provides supplemental guidance to the materials available through the Permanency Innovations Initiative, with adaptations for workforce applications. Steps 1–6 below are covered here.

Steps of Exploration Phase

1. Identify the problem we want to solve and what outcome(s) we want to target
2. Identify the population we intend to target
3. Identify potential causes of workforce …

Ebci Summary, Quality Improvement Center For Workforce Development (Qic-Wd)

Intervention Summaries

The Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians (EBCI) is a federally-recognized tribe. The Family Safety Program (FSP) is the child welfare program that serves the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians, under the tribal Division of Public Health and Human Services. FSP was established in 2015 with around 10 staff members and has grown to about 60 staff, all located in one office in Cherokee, North Carolina. Since FSP was a relatively new agency when they began working with the Quality Improvement Center for Workforce Development (QIC-WD), turnover had not been a signficant problem, however, vacancies were a challenge. In October 2017, …

Eastern Band Of Cherokee Indians Family Safety Program, Quality Improvement Center For Workforce Development (Qic-Wd)

Intervention Summaries

The Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians (EBCI) is a federally-recognized tribe. The Family Safety Program (FSP) is the child welfare program that serves the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians, under the tribal Division of Public Health and Human Services. Addressing Historical Trauma and Preparing the Child Welfare Workforce

In this video, an EBCI elder discusses historical trauma and why it is important for child welfare workers to understand it, so they can be successful. Watch the Video

Background

The Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians worked with the QIC-WD to develop an onboarding program. This video highlights the experience of …

Examining Characteristics On Twitter Users’ Text And Hashtag Utilization During Tech Winter Layoff Post-Covid-19 Using Lda And K-Means Clustering Approach, Fery F., Sunu Widianto

Makara Human Behavior Studies in Asia

Post-COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted the global economy, resulting in a surge of job losses and layoffs across various industries, including the technology sector. The pandemic has led to changes in consumer behavior, supply chain disruptions, and an overall decrease in demand, all of which have contributed to the current economic situation. With the rise of social media platforms, individuals have been using Twitter to express their thoughts and opinions on the impact of the pandemic on the technology industry, including the increase in job losses and layoffs. In this study, we analyze the characteristics of Twitter users and their …

An Investigation Of The Impact Of Prosocial Action On Psychological Resilience In Female Volunteer Maskmakers During Covid-19, Linda D. Montano

Industrial-Organizational Psychology Dissertations

Building and maintaining psychological resilience is important because it mediates the impact of stress on life outcomes such as depression, life satisfaction, and well-being. The purpose of this dissertation was to assess the impact of prosocial action as a way to enhance resilience and reduce the impact of adversity. Using 12 waves of longitudinal data collected from 86 female volunteer maskmakers in the U.S. between April and July 2020, this study assessed the hypothesis that the prosocial action of maskmaking will moderate the impact of the stress of the COVID-19 pandemic such that at higher levels of maskmaking, the volunteer’s …

Functional Cynicism, Michelle Fried

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Trait cynicism, or “cynical hostility” as measured by the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory’s Cook-Medley Scale, is defined and studied as characteristics associated with psychopathology, interpersonal conflict, and negative health outcomes including heart disease and cognitive decline. Likewise, “organizational cynicism” is operationalized in industrial/organizational psychology for the purpose of describing and identifying an undesirable employee type in the workplace. This research proposes an alternative assessment. It reconnects cynicism with its roots in ancient philosophy by asking if cynical attitudes, despite their negative valence ascribed in the modern literature and conventional opinion, may serve a practical purpose. This study of Functional Cynicism …

New Age Insights: Filipino Millennials In Government, Mark Kevin C. Chua, Sherrie Ann C. Labid, Lovely Rose A. Bolante

Makara Human Behavior Studies in Asia

Millennials comprise a significant portion of the demography of the current Philippine workforce. Cognizant of the unique socio-cultural environment that shaped the Generation Y cohort, this descriptive phenomenological qualitative study aimed to explore millennial employees' work expectations and experiences within a government agency in the Philippines. Four themes emerged from the in-depth analysis of the five employees' interview responses: (1) job security and financial stability, (2) socio-emotional support, (3) fulfillment, and (4) professional development opportunities. The qualitative findings of this study emphasize the importance of supporting millennial employees' career growth and fostering a healthy work environment. It indicates that millennial …

Relational Empowerment Among Public Safety Outreach Workers And Violence Interventionists In U.S. Cities: A Qualitative Inquiry, Christopher M. Thompson

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

The nation-wide uprisings for racial justice in the Summer of 2020 brought into mainstream awareness the calls to shift resources away from police departments and channel funds to mental health, education, and other social services. However, in the wake of recent post-pandemic surges in community violence, police budgets increased, while public opinion for grassroots, radical initiatives like “defund the police” that many activists, organizers, and abolitionists pushed into public consciousness has faltered. Studies have shown that the implementation of community-led public safety programs significantly reduce incidents of street violence in U.S. cities. Thus, research that informs community-driven violence intervention and …

Coworkers And Leaders: The Relationship Between Trustworthiness, Trust, And Employee Engagement, Lianne Young

Dissertations

A highly engaged workforce provides numerous organizational and individual benefits (Shuck et al., 2016), the culmination of which leads to a competitive advantage difficult to emulate (Burke et al., 2013). It remains challenging to understand how engagement develops, with little research available explaining the process (Shuck, 2020). High employee engagement levels provide a competitive advantage, but stagnant engagement levels remain a significant obstacle (Shuck, 2020).

Shuck (2020) recommends further research focusing on methods to increase engagement. Trustworthiness and trust are antecedents and drivers of engagement (Chughtai & Buckley, 2008; Federman, 2010; SHRM, 2017). A lack of trust has negative impacts …

Workload, Emotional Clarity, Stress, And Anxiety, Anthony J. Carcioppolo

ETD Archive

The authors used experience-sampling methodology via Qualtrics to examine if emotional clarity reduced the detrimental effect of workload on stress and anxiety. United States employees (n = 107) completed measures of workload, stress, anxiety, and emotional clarity during their lunch break on 5 consecutive workdays. Demographics and potential confounding variables of age, race, gender, income, education, employer, job name, and personality type were measured as well. Results showed that workload was associated with increased stress and anxiety, and that, in particular cross-level variations of the models, emotional clarity significantly interacted with workload to reduce the stress and anxiety it causes. …

“Fit Check”: Testing A Model Of Perceptions Of Team Level Person-Group Fit, Alexandria Wentworth

All Theses

Teams are become a mainstay in nearly every sector of business. Teams are complex and evolve to meet the demands of their unique environments. One team structure growing in popularity is a multiteam system (MTS), a system comprised of multiple teams working interdependently to achieve goals. Understanding the mechanisms by which a MTS is successful is challenging; however, the concept of fit may offer further explanation. Person-group fit has been shown to improve coworker satisfaction, job attitudes, and task performance. Most research has only explored individual-level outcomes of person-group fit, yet there are numerous calls for further exploration into team-level …

An Empirical Examination Of Consequential Factors Of Negative Program Culture As Determinants Of Affective Well-Being In Graduate Students, Morgan Chandler

All Theses

There is evidence of a crisis of low affective well-being troubling graduate students nationwide. Recent studies have shown that graduate students exhibit indicators of low affective well-being, such as levels of anxiety and depression six times greater than the general population (Galleo et al., 2021; Glover, 2019), high levels of being overwhelmed (Kaler & Stebleton, 2019), and overall increased psychological distress (Hacker, 2021). The prevalence and severity of these issues indicate that their causes may exceed personal factors (Bekkouche et al., 2022). Previous research has identified the quality of culture and culture-related factors within graduate schools and programs to be …