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Industrial and Organizational Psychology Commons™
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Articles 1 - 30 of 53
Full-Text Articles in Industrial and Organizational Psychology
The Impact And Perceptions Of Return-To-Office Mandates, Brooke E. Nyberg
The Impact And Perceptions Of Return-To-Office Mandates, Brooke E. Nyberg
College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations
In the aftermath of stay-at-home mandates that resulted from the COVID-19 pandemic, many organizations have reinstated mandates requiring that employees return to the office either full-time or a few days per week. Although research has been conducted on the benefits and consequences of remote work throughout the pandemic, research is lacking on the perceptions of the return-to-office mandates and how these mandates impact employees. This study aimed to comprehensively understand what employees think and feel about a return-to-office mandate as well as identify group differences and impacts of the method in which the RTO mandate was communicated. To do so, …
The Relationship Of Organizational Democracy And Psychological Safety On Organizational Citizenship Behaviors, Thomas William Rice
The Relationship Of Organizational Democracy And Psychological Safety On Organizational Citizenship Behaviors, Thomas William Rice
College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations
This study examines the relationship between organizational democracy and organizational citizenship behaviors through the mediating effect of psychological safety. This study contributes to the organizational democracy literature in the introduction of psychological safety as a mediator through the lens of social exchange theory. An online survey was completed by 245 participants who self-reported as being full-time, English-speaking employees in the United States. The survey was composed of a demographic section and different measures of organizational democracy (i.e., perceived organizational participation and democracy questionnaire, organizational democracy scale), psychological safety, and organizational citizenship behaviors. Utilizing mediated regression analysis, results indicated that psychological …
A Systematic Exploration Of Theoretical, Conceptual, And Methodological Alignment Of Social Network Analysis In Organizational Behavior, Morgan Gleason Miller
A Systematic Exploration Of Theoretical, Conceptual, And Methodological Alignment Of Social Network Analysis In Organizational Behavior, Morgan Gleason Miller
College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations
This systematic review examines how Social Network Analysis (SNA) is used in the study of Organizational Behavior (OB). Industrial-Organizational Psychology Literature suggests SNA tends to be applied using either a structural or relational approach (Erikson, 2013). Some researchers claim that this methodology is applied inconsistently due to the intermingling of two distinct underlying frameworks and the exclusion of individual differences and interpersonal factors limits the relevance of SNA (Erikson, 2013; Kilduff & Lee, 2020). Results indicate the structural perspective is slightly dominant across the use of SNA, but the use of both frameworks is increasing. Directionally, study methods aligned with …
Pro-Environmental Organizational Climates: Implications For Employees, Organizations, And The Environment, Nicholas Carruth
Pro-Environmental Organizational Climates: Implications For Employees, Organizations, And The Environment, Nicholas Carruth
College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations
Psychological research on climate change often focuses on driving adaptive individual behaviors in nonspecific contexts. Focusing on contexts where group-level behavior emerges (e.g., workplaces) is likely to yield insights that affect more significant numbers of people, in turn, having a greater impact on the natural environment. This study, therefore, explored the implications of a new operationalization of pro-environmental work climate, Organizational Climate for Environmental Action (OCEA). Participants (N = 393) responded to an online survey. Pro-environmental climate was positively associated with employee pro-environmental behaviors at work and organizational commitment over and above several work characteristics. Pro-environmental climate also fully …
Optimizing Remote Work Engagement And Performance, Jessica Chackoria
Optimizing Remote Work Engagement And Performance, Jessica Chackoria
College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations
Remote work prevalence continues to remain higher than pre-pandemic levels and hybrid structures are increasingly becoming the norm. Therefore, it is important for researchers and organizations to understand how to optimize important employee outcomes, such as engagement and performance, in a remote work context. In this study, I addressed this need by investigating whether factors that have been found to enhance engagement and performance in traditional contexts—specifically, job design characteristics (task identity, task significance, autonomy, skill variety, and feedback) and microbreaks or small breaks during the workday—were positively linked with better remote work engagement and performance (task and contextual). The …
Don't Let It Get To You: The Role Of Internalization Racism In The Organization, Carolyn T. Pham
Don't Let It Get To You: The Role Of Internalization Racism In The Organization, Carolyn T. Pham
College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations
Internalized racism is seldom studied in a workplace context. Extant literature demonstrates its deleterious effects on individuals, but little is known about the mechanisms that affect it in adulthood or how it operates in an organizational context. Using a multi-wave survey design, this study examined the racial composition of one’s coworkers and organizational inclusion climate as potential antecedents of internalized racism and psychological well-being and identity management behaviors as outcomes. Results suggest that organizational inclusion climate significantly affects racial/ethnic minority employees’ levels of internalized racism and subsequent well-being. Additionally, internalized racism predicted engagement in identity concealment behaviors. This suggests the …
Grieving Workers, Leadership Support, And Organizational Commitment, Zachary N. Ngo
Grieving Workers, Leadership Support, And Organizational Commitment, Zachary N. Ngo
College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations
Grief is a universal experience, yet the industrial-organizational psychology literature is sparse with research on bereavement at work. When individuals do undergo the loss of a loved one, research has shown that support is instrumental in recovery outside of workplace contexts. The present study examined the relationship between an individual’s level of grief and their commitment to their organization while also investigating how the level of supervisor support moderates the aforementioned relationship. I hypothesized that there would be a significant, negative relationship between level of grief and organizational commitment. Further, I also hypothesized that perceived supervisor support would moderate the …
Invisible Disability: A Review Of Hearing And Vision Impairment Challenges In The Workplace, Melissa Ann Aguinaldo
Invisible Disability: A Review Of Hearing And Vision Impairment Challenges In The Workplace, Melissa Ann Aguinaldo
College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations
This thesis explores the factors related to individuals with vision and hearing impairments in organizational contexts within the United States. It overviews the definitions, current state, and U.S. legislation pertaining to individuals with disabilities in the workplace. The thesis reviews disclosure practices, psychological theories, and recommendations for supporting and accommodating individuals with hearing and vision disabilities. In reviewing these factors, this research aims to enhance understanding of the challenges faced by individuals with hearing and vision impairments in organizations and contribute to fostering inclusive and supportive work environments. The thesis also identifies areas for further research in order to advance …
Latinas In Leadership Positions In The United States: Theories, Characteristics, And Recommendations, Fernanda Ibanez
Latinas In Leadership Positions In The United States: Theories, Characteristics, And Recommendations, Fernanda Ibanez
College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations
In the United States, Latinas are one of the fastest growing populations in the workforce today. Despite increased presence in the labor market, it has not resulted in significant increases in the representation of Latinas in top and middle level leadership positions. This thesis details the current state of Latinas as leaders, as well as the theoretical background pertaining to leadership styles and challenges that Latinas face. Finally, the thesis aims to serve as a resource for Latinas currently occupying a leadership role, or looking to occupy one in the future, by offering recommendations of characteristics and behaviors that relate …
Quiet Quitting: Navigating An Old Phenomenon In The New Normal, Eilish Keane
Quiet Quitting: Navigating An Old Phenomenon In The New Normal, Eilish Keane
College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations
Quiet quitting is a recently popularized trend that has taken the workplace by storm following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. The term is not clear or easily defined, described by some as an anti-work philosophy and by others as healthy boundary setting. This review explores the evidence that quiet quitting is occurring, similar concepts from the I-O literature that appear highly similar to quiet quitting (i.e., disengagement, work-life balance), how Job Demands-Resources Theory may apply, the potential role of the psychological contract, how the pandemic uniquely contributed to the trend, recommendations for addressing or preventing quiet quitting in the …
Trainee Perceptions Of Structured On-The-Job Training (Ojt): The Impact Of Trainer Experience And Use Of Structured Ojt Guides, Jessica Nicole Cooperstein
Trainee Perceptions Of Structured On-The-Job Training (Ojt): The Impact Of Trainer Experience And Use Of Structured Ojt Guides, Jessica Nicole Cooperstein
College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations
This research study investigated the influence of trainer experience on the trainer’s use of directive behaviors and communication clarity in structured on-the-job training (OJT) and how those variables, in turn, impacted trainee perceptions. It was predicted that trainer experience would be positively related to trainer characteristics (directive behaviors and communication clarity), and that the use of structured OJT guides would have a conditional impact on this relationship. It was also predicted that trainer characteristics would be positively related to trainee perceptions. Finally, it was predicted that the conditional relationship of trainer experience and use of structured OJT guides would influence …
Perspective Taking: A Tool For Improving Team Member Relationships And Performance, Mikayla Ann Marcinkowski
Perspective Taking: A Tool For Improving Team Member Relationships And Performance, Mikayla Ann Marcinkowski
College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations
Researchers and practitioners alike are interested in ways to help teams reach their full potential. In the current research, perspective taking is presented and tested as a tool that can help teams build and maintain positive interpersonal relationships and achieve top performance. Further, the current research integrates several conceptualizations of perspective taking to acknowledge that while some people may be more inclined to engage in perspective taking behaviors, there is the potential to train perspective taking as a skill for those who are not. Thus, this research also tests the effectiveness of a perspective taking intervention focused on encouraging the …
Relationship Building In E-Negotiation: Dyadic Effects On Subjective Negotiation Outcomes, Mounica Reddy
Relationship Building In E-Negotiation: Dyadic Effects On Subjective Negotiation Outcomes, Mounica Reddy
College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations
E-negotiation is a critical activity that is becoming a new reality (Sokolova et al., 2006), however, the e-negotiation environment lends itself to fewer informative cues than the face-to-face environment. The ability to maintain relationships with parties and negotiate with them in the future increases the negotiator’s bargaining power and could be important beyond economic outcomes (Curhan & Brown, 2011). This study investigates the link between relationship-building and subjective values in negotiation, and how the negotiation medium may change this relationship. Subjective values of rapport, trustworthiness, and interest in future interaction were predicted to both differ by e-negotiation and face-to-face negotiation …
The Impact Of Workplace Protections On Worker Wellbeing During The Covid Pandemic, Brooke Nyberg
The Impact Of Workplace Protections On Worker Wellbeing During The Covid Pandemic, Brooke Nyberg
College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations
During the pandemic, workers have been affected in a variety of ways. COVID-19’s impact has permeated through all communities and has more harshly affected minority communities such as Black communities, and those deemed as essential workers. Although, in this study there were no differences between Black and White perceptions of COVID-related risks or job insecurity. The negative effects of these increased risks were expected to be buffered by protective practices such as following the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) suggestions and by supervisors practicing family supportive supervisor behaviors (FSSBs), however results showed that these did not act as buffers. …
Social Identity Threat: Implications For Coachability, Lauren Zervos
Social Identity Threat: Implications For Coachability, Lauren Zervos
College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations
A key predictor of employee performance and effective coaching interactions, coachability is defined as an individual’s willingness and ability to seek, be receptive to, and act on constructive feedback from others (Weiss & Merrigan, 2021). As such, it was predicted that there are certain social-psychological phenomena that impact one’s coachability. One phenomenon, social identity threat, referring to a threat to the self-aspect derived from membership in a particular social group or category (Steele et al., 2002; Tajfel & Turner, 2004), was used to explain the link between certain contextual and individual variables and employee coachability behaviors. Specifically, it was predicted …
Understanding Teamwork Using Dynamic Network Models, Ashlyn Paige Lowe
Understanding Teamwork Using Dynamic Network Models, Ashlyn Paige Lowe
College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations
Studying team processes is critical to understanding how teams work to achieve team outcomes. To effectively study team processes, behavioral activities team members enact must be measured with sufficient granularity and intensity. Analyzing the detailed mechanics of team processes requires employing analytical methods sensitive to modeling the series of actions and interactions of team members as they execute taskwork and teamwork over time. Current empirical investigation of team processes lags with respect to intricately measuring and assessing team processes over time. Using dynamic network models, this dissertation sought to understand the behaviors responsible for interaction patterns amongst team members, how …
Adjustment To Remote Work During Covid-19, Nicholas Carruth
Adjustment To Remote Work During Covid-19, Nicholas Carruth
College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations
In this study, several candidate antecedents to job satisfaction and subjective well-being were tested in a sample of remote workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants (N = 126) responded to an online survey. Drawing from boundary and person-environment fit theories, the effect of segmentation preferences on these outcomes was tested. Psychological detachment, work-family conflict, and family-work conflict were proposed as distinct candidate mediators in these relationships. Additionally, organizational segmentation culture, trait mindfulness, job demand, and household size were evaluated as potential moderators of these indirect effects. Results largely do not support these moderated-mediation hypotheses. However, segmentation preferences were found to …
How Individual Differences And The Use Of Humor Shape Relationships In Teams Over Time, Melissa Vazquez
How Individual Differences And The Use Of Humor Shape Relationships In Teams Over Time, Melissa Vazquez
College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations
Due to its ability to influence social interactions and relationships, humor can play an important role in team dynamics. The aims of this project are to examine how team member individual differences in humor styles relates to the expression of humor over time, and how humor usage shapes relationships between team members. Hypotheses were tested using data from highly interdependent teams working together over an extended period. Results have implications for the selection of team members, and the training and management of unique teams. In all, this research provides validation evidence for the HSQ measure as a predictor of humor …
An Examination Of Employee Coachability And Managerial Coaching In Organizations, Jake Alexander Weiss
An Examination Of Employee Coachability And Managerial Coaching In Organizations, Jake Alexander Weiss
College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations
Volatile, complex, and ambiguous work environments require organizations to focus on continuous employee development and performance improvement across all organizational levels. As a result, organizational development (OD) practices for employee development rapidly increased throughout the past decade. One such vital individualized training intervention – organizational coaching – facilitates continuous behavioral change, development, and performance improvement across employees (Joo et al., 2012). Researchers, like practitioners, though, often examine coaching in isolation, focusing on the coach without considering the impact those being coached (i.e., coachees) have on the success of the coaching process. Coachees’ ability to seek, thoughtfully consider, act, and change …
Human Resource Initiatives Addressing Factors Impacting Organizational Gender Stratification And Performance: A Computational Study, Ashlyn Paige Lowe
Human Resource Initiatives Addressing Factors Impacting Organizational Gender Stratification And Performance: A Computational Study, Ashlyn Paige Lowe
College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations
Women remain underrepresented in the upper echelons of organizational management, which is known as organizational gender stratification (OGS). Individual processes, such as differential career choices between men and women, contribute to OGS, along with organizational processes, such as bias in performance appraisal evaluations. Furthermore, these factors hold implications for organizational workforce potential if promotion decisions depend on biased performance evaluations. The literature lacks an integration of these factors in examining their combinatorial dynamic effects, as well as an assessment of practical steps organizations can take to combat the cultivation of OGS. This study has two primary purposes. First, it examines …
What Boundaries? Work-Family Boundary Management Style And The Impact On Black Entrepreneurs’ Satisfaction And Well-Being, Amber S.C. Rouse
What Boundaries? Work-Family Boundary Management Style And The Impact On Black Entrepreneurs’ Satisfaction And Well-Being, Amber S.C. Rouse
College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations
The appeal and interest in entrepreneurship as a viable career alternative has grown significantly in recent years. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the total number of U.S. firms has increased by 2%, from 27.1 million in 2007 to 27.6 million in 2012 (U.S. Census Bureau, 2016). Further, the number of minority-owned firms in the U.S. has risen from 5.8 million in 2007 to 8.0 million in 2012. One perspective for the recent rise in entrepreneurship is that individuals may turn to self-employment to gain greater autonomy in how they manage the boundaries between their work and family lives. Boundary …
A Computational Cognitive Architecture For Exploring Team Mental Models, Neil Benoit Outland
A Computational Cognitive Architecture For Exploring Team Mental Models, Neil Benoit Outland
College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations
Team Mental Models (TMM) are one of the strongest predictors of team behavior and performance. TMM direct team behaviors through the series of tasks they perform over time. Research in the area, although crucial in demonstrating the effect of TMM, has been largely static, failing to articulate specifically how TMM emerge or function in teams over time. This dissertation develops a computational model to explicate the process of TMM emergence and demonstrate necessary factors. First, I explain the core concepts of TMM emergence, including team composition, dyadic interactions, and contextual variables. Second, I develop a process-oriented theory of TMM development …
Effects Of Personality Retesting On Validity Coefficients As Moderated By Situational Strength, Daniel R. Abben
Effects Of Personality Retesting On Validity Coefficients As Moderated By Situational Strength, Daniel R. Abben
College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations
The use of valid selection tests enables organizations to better select employees who have the knowledge, skills, abilities, and other characteristics that are necessary for success. While cognitive ability tests are one of the best predictors of performance, they have well-known limitations. Specifically, they can result in adverse impact, and there is clear evidence of retest effects. The use of personality tests, when included in a selection battery, can ameliorate adverse impact and can provide incremental validity. Personality tests, however, also have limitations. Namely, they can be faked, the construct can be measured in various ways (i.e., there are myriad …
The Influence Of Team Cohesion And Contextual Performance On Project Team Performance Over Time, Melissa Vazquez
The Influence Of Team Cohesion And Contextual Performance On Project Team Performance Over Time, Melissa Vazquez
College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations
Theory and empirical research suggest that team cohesion and contextual performance relate to team performance. However, while general support exists for a team cohesion and contextual performance relationship, less is known about the how the relationship evolves over time. This study aimed to examine the extent to which team cohesion and contextual performance reciprocally relate over time. Data were collected from 245 individuals comprising 40 student project teams engaged in the Capsim business simulation over a 10-week quarter. Results supported hypothesis 1; based on a cross-lagged path model, a stronger relationship exists between contextual performance at time point 1 and …
Toward Pay Equity: A Motivational Intervention To Reduce Gender Differences In Salary Negotiations, Mary Margaret Keegin
Toward Pay Equity: A Motivational Intervention To Reduce Gender Differences In Salary Negotiations, Mary Margaret Keegin
College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations
A persistent wage gap exists between women and men in the United States (Catalyst, 2015; Hegewisch, Ellis, & Hartmann, 2015). Although the reasons behind the wage gap are extremely complex, one of the methods through which pay equity may be reached could involve altering the way people approach their goals at the bargaining table, especially since women tend to underperform relative to men in salary negotiations (Mazei, Hüffmeier, Freund, Stuhlmacher, Bilke, & Hertel, 2015). Salary negotiations represent a critical piece of the pay equity puzzle, particularly when individuals are starting their careers. If equally qualified men and women begin their …
Effects Of Pedagogical Agent Design On Training Evaluation Measures: A Meta-Analysis, Timothy J. Quesnell
Effects Of Pedagogical Agent Design On Training Evaluation Measures: A Meta-Analysis, Timothy J. Quesnell
College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations
Pedagogical agents are, "conversational virtual characters employed in electronic learning environments to serve various instructional functions" (Veletsianos & Miller, 2008). They can take a variety of forms, and have been designed to serve various instructional roles, such as mentors, experts, motivators, and others. Given the increased availability and sophistication of technology in recent decades, these agents have become increasingly common as facilitators to training in educational settings, private institutions, and the military. Software to aid in the creation of pedagogical agents is widely available. Additionally, software use and agent creation often requires little formal training, affording nearly anyone the opportunity …
Individual And Contextual Factors And The Efficacy Of An Experiential Sexism Intervention, Samantha M. Smith
Individual And Contextual Factors And The Efficacy Of An Experiential Sexism Intervention, Samantha M. Smith
College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of a sexism-focused diversity training program. More specifically, this study examined the direct and indirect relationships between individual characteristics (i.e., gender, self-efficacy, and reactance), contextual factors (i.e., organizational diversity climate) and diversity training outcomes and training transfer. To test hypotheses, graduate and undergraduate students participated in a two-stage study (baseline and intervention stages), with the intervention consisting of a 90-minute sexism-focused diversity training workshop. Data from one hundred and forty participants were retained for regression analyses. Results suggest the workshop was generally effective at reducing endorsement of sexist attitudes, improving …
Proactive Workplace Bullying In Teams: Test Of A Rational And Moral Model Of Aggression, Anthony S. Colaneri
Proactive Workplace Bullying In Teams: Test Of A Rational And Moral Model Of Aggression, Anthony S. Colaneri
College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations
This study tested part of a recently developed theoretical model of proactive workplace aggression put forth by Dixon, Chang, and Johnson (2015). The model postulates distinct motives underlying why perpetrators will morally justify their aggressive behavior, dependent upon the relative in/out-group status and relative hierarchical status of the target. Participants from Amazon’s MTurk community were shown one of four vignettes that described a team workplace scenario where the participant was presented with the choice to act aggressively toward a coworker in order to help facilitate the team’s goal. All four of the model’s dyadic perpetrator-target relationships were represented, but the …
The Impact Of Conformity And Qualifications On Perceptions Of Power, Competency, And First Offers In Negotiations, Scott Mcluckie
The Impact Of Conformity And Qualifications On Perceptions Of Power, Competency, And First Offers In Negotiations, Scott Mcluckie
College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations
Norm violations typically result in negative consequences and perceptions towards the transgressor; however, recent research has indicated that violating norms may result in positive outcomes if the transgressor was perceived as high status (Bellezza, Gino, & Keinan, 2014). Negotiators in a job hiring process might have their own set of social norms that they are expected to follow, such as the attire they should wear to a negotiation. A violation of one of these norms may have an impact on the perceptions of the job applicant, and thus, alter the negotiation process for a starting job offer. It was hypothesized …
Cooperation And Facets Of Psychological Collectivism As Antecedents Of Team Mental Model Similarity, Neal Benoit Outland
Cooperation And Facets Of Psychological Collectivism As Antecedents Of Team Mental Model Similarity, Neal Benoit Outland
College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations
This thesis investigated the role of facets of trait psychological collectivism (Preference, Reliance, Concern, and Goal-Priority) and the personality trait cooperativeness in the development of Team Mental Models. Team Mental Models (TMMs) are shared representations of a work team’s context that aid a team in directing behaviors and coordinating actions. I utilized Marks, Mathieu, and Zaccaro’s (2001) taxonomy of team processes to explicate and test a model detailing the role of composition in TMM development. Data were collected from 35 teams of 5 individuals who completed a computer simulation in which the team interdependently replicated pictures using blocks. Multiple regression …