Industrial and Organizational Psychology Commons^™

Potential Applications Of Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (Fmri) To Organizational Research: A Primer And Sample Study, Allen I. Huffcutt, Wen-Ching Liu, Lori A. Russell-Chapin

Personnel Assessment and Decisions

The first purpose of this manuscript is to provide a primer for organizational researchers on both fMRI and brain physiology because few are likely to have encountered an in-depth treatment of either previously. The second purpose is to present the results of an actual fMRI study on an organizational topic (structured employment interviews) as a sample to help illustrate the potential of this type of research. Results of the sample study enhanced understanding of the brain processes behind responding to situational (SI) and behavior description (BDI) interviews, and offered several promising directions for follow-up research. To illustrate the latter, there …

Influence Of Vocal And Verbal Cues On Ratings Of Interview Anxiety And Interview Performance, Ryan O. Miller, Brianne L. Gayfer, Deborah M. Powell

Personnel Assessment and Decisions

In two studies, we examined the effect of the presence (versus absence) of vocal cues on judges’ ratings of interview anxiety and interview performance. In Study 1, we designed an experiment in which participants rated either a high-anxiety candidate or a low-anxiety candidate and were exposed to either an audio version of the interview or a text-only version. In Study 2, we added a third condition—a text-only version with filler words (um and ah) cleaned out. In two online studies (n = 72 and n = 411), we found that the high-anxiety interviewee was rated higher on observer-rated anxiety and …

Why Does The Public Sector Resist Unproctored Internet Testing?, Sami Nesnidol, Scott Highhouse

Personnel Assessment and Decisions

Two studies examine public-sector practitioners’ concerns about unproctored Internet testing (UIT) for preemployment tests. Study 1 compared public- and private-sector practitioners (n = 66) on possible barriers to UIT adoption (i.e., lack of diffusion, measurement concerns, legal risk, and costs of implementation). Results showed that public-sector practitioners were far less favorably disposed toward implementation of UIT and were more concerned about lack of diffusion, measurement issues, and costs of implementation. Study 2 utilized a policy-capturing design to examine the factors public-sector practitioners consider most important when making simulated decisions about UIT adoption (n = 33). Of the factors examined, test …

A Meta-Analysis Of Hiring Discrimination Against Muslims And Arabs, Timothy Bartkoski, Ellen Lynch, Chelsea Witt, Cort Rudolph

Personnel Assessment and Decisions

Muslim and Arab individuals are discriminated against in almost all domains. Recently, there has been a focus on examining the treatment of these groups in the work setting. Despite the great number of primary studies examining this issue, there has not yet been a quantitative review of the research literature. To fill this gap, this meta-analysis examined the presence and magnitude of hiring discrimination against Muslim and Arab individuals. Using 46 independent effect sizes from 26 sources, we found evidence of discrimination against Muslim and Arab people in employment judgments, behaviors, and decisions across multiple countries. Moderator analyses revealed that …

What The Church Young Adult Innovation "Labs" Are Up To, Pivot Nw Research

Blog

No abstract provided.

Hexaco Personality Predicts Counterproductive Work Behavior And Organizational Citizenship Behavior In Low-Stakes And Job Applicant Contexts, Jeromy Anglim, Filip Lievens, Lisa Everton, Sharon L. Grant, Andrew Marty

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

This study examined the degree to which the predictive validity of personality declines in job applicant settings. Participants completed the 200-item HEXACO Personality Inventory-Revised, either as part of confidential research (347 non-applicants) or an actual job application (260 job applicants). Approximately 18-months later, participants completed a confidential survey measuring organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) and counterproductive work behavior (CWB). There was evidence for a small drop in predictive validity among job applicants, however honesty-humility, extraversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness predicted lower levels of CWB and higher levels of OCB in both job applicants and non -applicants. The study also informs the use …

The Development Of A Situational Judgment Test To Assess Collegiate Judgment: A Pilot Study, Jared Stevens

College of Education and Human Sciences: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Traditionally, colleges and universities have focused primarily on cognitive predictors (e.g., ACT/SAT scores, high school GPA), and have struggled to find an accurate and objective way of measuring non-cognitive skills, often resorting to personality measures or interviews, or deciding not to measure them at all. Recently, there has been a push for alternative forms of student selection that result in less adverse impact and do not ignore important skills and traits that are necessary to be successful in college (Peeters & Lievens, 2005; Atkinson, 2001).

Growing evidence suggests Situational Judgment Tests (SJTs) may be one way to achieve this goal. …

Investigating Employability: Testing The Raw Framework, Daniell Jean Study

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

In a recent model of employability, Hogan, Chamorro-Premuzic, and Kaiser (2013) defined employability as the ability to gain and maintain employment and find new employment when necessary. The authors presented employability as a formative construct containing an ability dimension (the ability to do the job), a social skills dimension (being rewarding to work with), and a motivational dimension (being willing to work hard). There is no question as to whether these three dimensions affect one’s level of employability; research is abundant on the positive relationships between intelligence, social and emotional skills, motivation and career success. However, little research has been …

A Dual-Process Theory Perspective To Better Understand Judgments In Assessment Centers: The Role Of Initial Impressions For Dimension Ratings And Validity, Pia V. Ingold, Mirjam Donni, Filip Lievens

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Insight into assessors’ initial impressions has the potential to advance knowledge on how assessors form dimension-based judgments and on possible biases in these ratings. Therefore, this study draws on dual process theory to build and test a model that integrates assessors’ dimension ratings (i.e., systematic, slow, deliberate processing mode) with their initial impressions (i.e., intuitive, fast, automatic processing mode). Data collection started with an AC where assessors provided ratings of assessees, and an online survey of assessees’ supervisors who rated their job performance. In addition, two other rater pools provided initial impressions of these assessees by evaluating extracted 2-min video …

Designing Selection Systems To Reduce Turnover, Joshua David Bush

Theses and Dissertations

This study sought to explore and predict voluntary turnover as a critical dependent variable in selection systems. I describe how using competency modeling to build measures of person-organization (P-O) fit may serve as a theoretical launching point for designing selection assessments to predict voluntary turnover. I tested this theoretical framework by analyzing an archival selection database of 3,332 current and former employees who went through a competency model-based selection system, which includes five different assessment methods all designed to measure P-O fit. I hypothesized that scores on these assessments would negatively predict turnover risk because research has demonstrated a strong …

Recommended Practices For Academics To Initiate And Manage Research Partnerships With Organizations, Laurent M. Lapierre, Russell A. Matthews, Lillian T. Eby, Donald M. Truxillo, Russell E. Johnson, Debra A. Major

Psychology Faculty Publications and Presentations

Although academics can receive considerable training in selecting appropriate research designs, types of data to collect, and methods for analyzing data, as well as guidance on preparing scholarly manuscripts, there is a dearth of information on how to initiate and manage partnerships with organizations in order to conduct high-quality applied research, particularly when the research is quantitative in nature. In this article, we provide our own experience-based insights and recommendations to help academics more easily (a) initiate a research relationship with senior organizational leadership, (b) decide early whether to pursue or end a research collaboration with an organization, (c) keep …

Scientific Proceedings Of The Texas Children’S Hospital’S 17th Session Of The Advanced Quality Improvement And Patient Safety Program, Arjun M. Dangre Bds Mph, Kelly Wallin Ms Rn Chse, Gertrude A. Leidich Mba, Rn, Angelo P. Giardino Md, Phd

Journal of Nursing & Interprofessional Leadership in Quality & Safety

The Texas Children’s Hospital’s Advanced Quality Improvement and Patient Safety (AQI) Program is a six month mixed didactic and experiential learning experience designed to improve patient care, lower costs, change the culture, and develop quality leaders. As a part of AQI program participants are grouped into teams and each team completes a healthcare related Quality Improvement (QI) project. Each project demonstrates use of various QI tools including process maps, fishbone diagrams, and key driver diagrams. The projects use ‘Model for Improvement’ as the primary QI methodology to achieve their aim. Three or more Plan-do-study-act (PDSA) cycles are required for each …

Scientific Proceedings Of The Texas Children’S Hospital’S 16th Session Of The Advanced Quality Improvement And Patient Safety Program, Arjun M. Dangre Bds, Mph, Kelly Wallin Ms, Rn, Chse, Gertrude A. Leidich Mba, Rn, Angelo P. Giardino Md, Phd

Journal of Nursing & Interprofessional Leadership in Quality & Safety

The Texas Children’s Hospital’s Advanced Quality Improvement and Patient Safety (AQI) Program is a six month mixed didactic and experiential learning experience designed to improve patient care, lower costs, change the culture, and develop quality leaders. As a part of AQI program participants are grouped into teams and each team completes a healthcare related Quality Improvement (QI) project. Each project demonstrates use of various QI tools including process maps, fishbone diagrams, and key driver diagrams. The projects use the IHI ‘Model for Improvement’ as the primary QI methodology to achieve their aim. Three or more Plan-do-study-act (PDSA) cycles are required …

Surface Acting, Emotional Exhaustion, And Employee Sabotage To Customers: Moderating Roles Of Quality Of Social Exchanges, Hui Zhang, Zhiqing E. Zhou, Yan Zhan, Chengbin Liu, Li Zhang

Publications and Research

Using the conservation of resources theory and social exchange theory as our conceptual frameworks, the current study examined how employee surface acting relates to their sabotage to customers through the mediating role of emotional exhaustion and explored the moderating roles of coworker exchange (CWX) and leader-member exchange (LMX). We collected two-wave time-lagged data from 540 clinical nurses and found that emotional exhaustion mediated the positive relationship between surface acting and employee sabotage to customers. In addition, we found that CWX buffered the positive effect of surface acting on emotional exhaustion, while LMX buffered the positive effect of emotional exhaustion on …

Ohio Selects And Begins Installation Of A Workforce Intervention: Coach Ohio: Promoting Resilience And Optimism, Quality Improvement Center For Workforce Development

Other QIC-WD Products

Ohio is committed to improving outcomes for children and families. Strengthening the child welfare workforce is an essential component for improving these outcomes. To this end, the Ohio Department of Job and Family Services (ODJFS) partnered with eight public children services agencies; Champaign, Crawford, Hamilton, Knox, Montgomery, Summit, Trumbull, and Wayne, to become one of eight national project sites to test child welfare workforce interventions through the Quality Improvement Center for Workforce Development (QIC-WD). Earlier this year, the Ohio site conducted a workforce assessment that revealed 48% of Ohio’s participating child welfare caseworkers experienced at least one symptom of secondary …

Testing An Adapted And Integrated Model Of Motivation To Lead And Intention To Apply, Mandolen Mull

Human Resource Development Theses and Dissertations

Leader development is a growing field of study within the leadership and human resource development (HRD) fields. As such, various studies have evaluated the traits, skills, and situational influences that contribute to an individual’s likelihood of becoming a leader. However, often researchers fail to examine an individual’s intention to apply for a leadership position within their examination of an individual’s leadership potential. Although prior research has examined the motivation to lead (MTL), very little research has examined the relationship between an individual’s MTL and their intention to apply for a leadership position. Furthermore, no research to date has evaluated the …

The Dreaded Performance Appraisal: Can The Process Ever Be Comfortable?, Lauren Labat

Dissertations

Previous research has indicated that individuals dislike and resist the performance appraisal process. Fewer studies have examined reasoning for unintentional rating distortion that may result from a lack of training and clear understanding of how to effectively evaluate behaviors. Researchers have shown that the appraisal process is uncomfortable for raters, but empirical studies have yet to explore how to reduce this discomfort. Rater training research has revealed that trained raters have improved observational skills, a more precise vocabulary to describe behaviors, and improved rating accuracy. This research explored the relationship between performance appraisal discomfort and trait motivational factors (i.e., personality …

Low Power Individuals In Social Power Research: A Quantitative Review, Theoretical Framework, And Empirical Test, Michael Schaerer, Christilene Du Plessis, Andy J. Yap, Stefan Thau

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

We examine the role of low-power individuals in social power research. A multi-method literature review reveals that low-power individuals may be insufficiently understood because many studies lack necessary control conditions that allow drawing inferences about low power, effects are predominantly attributed to high power, and qualitative reviews primarily focus on how high-power individuals feel, think, and behave. Challenging the assumption that low power tends to produce opposite consequences of high power, we highlight several similarities between the two states. Based on social exchange theories, we propose that unequal-power (vs. equal-power) relationships make instrumental goals, competitive attitudes, and exchange rules salient, …

How Culture Affects Asia’S Pursuit Of Beauty, Shilpa Madan, Shankha Basu

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

New research indicates that Asian countries have different attitudes toward beauty than Western markets.

The Making Of Successful Teams: A Study On Psychological Safety And Great Workplaces In Asia Pacific: 2018 Asia Insights, Richard Raymond Smith, Valerie Tan

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Drawing on existing literature as well as our own research, we set out to answer this question: what is the best approach to foster quality teamwork that transforms companies into great workplaces that are future-ready? We considered this research question specifically in the context of Asia Pacific – a region where Gartner predicts that 80 percent of traditional companies may lose 10 percent of their market share by 2021 if disruptions are not well considered and addressed. For this purpose, we examined the Great Place to Work data gathered from over 800 organisations with more than 400,000 survey respondents across …

Sink Or Swim: Maximizing The Impact Of 360° Feedback In Leader Development, Leah Joyce Ellison

Theses and Dissertations

Leader development initiatives prescribed as isolated events often fall short of their intended outcomes (Avolio, Reichard, Hannah, Walumbwa, & Chan, 2009). Initiatives should instead be enacted as part of an ongoing developmental process that encourages continuous learning and self-improvement through an “integrated set of experiences” (Hernez-Broome & Hughes, 2004). The current study proposes that a combination of factors throughout this continuous process, both external to and within leaders, significantly impact the outcomes following a 360° feedback leader development program (360 LDP). External factors such as a leader’s feedback environment and perceived quality of coaching relationship with his or her boss …

Training Employees To Stay: T&D In Retaining Talent, Megan M. Waite, Troi N. Robinson-Moss, Sydney M. Kopelic, Shawn Bergman

River Cities Industrial and Organizational Psychology Conference

The employee-driven market and “war for talent” demand organizations be increasingly competitive in maintaining the best workforce possible. Furthermore, factors such as millennial “job hopping,” employees leaving because of fears of layoffs and downsizing, and exiting the company without documenting valuable knowledge are all reasons to seek methods to decrease turnover. Organizations can use strategic and evidence-based training and development (T&D) practices to retain talent and prevent the loss of institutional knowledge. This session will discuss how T&D can be used to reduce involuntary turnover in organizations and cover how self-paced training, error management training (EMT), and the use of …

The Challenge Of Employee Retention In A Time Of Full Employment, Brad Pope

River Cities Industrial and Organizational Psychology Conference

From time to time all organizations, large and small, struggle with employee turnover. However, it has been a consistent challenge for many organizations (especially in the healthcare arena) for more than a year due, in part, to the lowest employment rates the US has experienced for any sustained period of time. This presentation will focus on the difficulties of identifying, calculating, and addressing turnover, as well as examine other environmental factors that can impact turnover and question whether it is even beneficial for organizations to calculate and track employee turnover.

Using Past Surveys Of Attitudes To Predict Current U.S. Military Retention, Michael Siebel

River Cities Industrial and Organizational Psychology Conference

Retaining qualified active duty members in the military is an essential mission for DoD. This research presents findings on the relationship between an active duty member’s plans to stay on active duty (as indicated on a survey) and the member's actual retention behavior in the U.S. military two and four years later. Retention plans, as measured on the DoD’s Status of Forces Surveys, have often been interpreted as an indicator of subsequent retention behavior, but the relationship between survey responses and actual retention behavior has not been verified using actual retention data. This study seeks to examine this relationship. Further, …

Dysfunctional Retention: The Case Of Abused Worker Syndrome, Alexandra Zelin, Lisa Burke-Smalley

River Cities Industrial and Organizational Psychology Conference

Extending work from the realm of counseling psychology into the work environment, we examine the workplace complement of “battered person/spouse syndrome” in which workers stay with the organization despite experiencing abuse. We define this abused worker syndrome (AWS) as an association of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)-type symptoms and other symptoms (e.g., anxiety, depression, low self-esteem), resulting from aversive incidents of psychological (i.e., non-physical) abuse at work. Our presentation will examine the contextual, relational, and individual antecedents of AWS, the psychological processes underlying targets staying, along with the associated workplace outcomes experienced by the targeted worker. We contribute a conceptual model …

A Mixed Methods Study On The Impact Of The Perceived Aesthetics Of A Workplace, Lydia Johnson (Fogo), Christopher J. Cunningham, Brian O'Leary, Kristen J. Black

River Cities Industrial and Organizational Psychology Conference

Interventions which change the visual appearance of the work environment to positively impact employee and organizational outcomes are becoming increasingly common. For example, environmental interventions such as adding indoor plants, changing the color of the walls, and increasing the amount of artwork within a workplace can lead to reduced stress levels, anxiety, fatigue, and sick leave (Dijsktra, Pieterse, & Pruyn, 2008a; Dijkstra, Pieterse & Pruyn, 2008b; Nejati, Rodiek, & Shepley, 2016). However, more research is needed to discover exactly why changing the appearance of work environments have a positive effect and what factors may influence the effectiveness of these interventions. …

Developing A Measure Of Safety Data Culture, Matthew M. Laske, Maira Compagnone, Soundarya Kanthimathinathan, Ashley Tollefsrud, Yalcin Acikgoz, Tim Ludwig

River Cities Industrial and Organizational Psychology Conference

Safety is a critical concern for many organizations, especially those in construction and manufacturing. A newer approach to improving an organization’s decision making involves the use of data analytics. In regard to safety, the use of data analytics would allow for detecting and tracking risk factors such as behaviors, environmental contingencies, production, procedures, and hazards that are associated with workplace injuries. However, many organizations do not have a culture involving the use and measurement of relevant variables on an ongoing basis. Accordingly, the purpose of the study is to develop a measure of safety culture with a specific emphasis on …

Developing An Analytics Strategy To Describe, Diagnose, And Predict Workplace Safety Outcomes, Philip Hinson, Lauren Ferber, Tara O'Neil, Bill Griffin, Haley Driest, Yalcin Acikgoz, Timothy Ludwig

River Cities Industrial and Organizational Psychology Conference

Evidence-based management practices that include big-data mining strategies have become commonplace in many areas of organizational management and have been shown to be effective. However, organizations have yet to fully take advantage of these analytic methods to improve their occupational safety. The proposed study aims to address this gap by developing a strategy to utilize data that organizations are already collecting to describe, diagnose, and predict workplace safety outcomes. The five proposed predictor variable categories are production, procedures, hazards, behaviors, and participation. Data will be collected from a large American Fortune 500 company that specializes in the production of advanced …

The Effects Of Resilience On Mindfulness And Stress In Students, Stacey M. Stremic, Aneeqa Thiele, Macie E. Mussleman, Alexander T. Jackson

River Cities Industrial and Organizational Psychology Conference

This study tested part of a theoretical model on resilience in the workplace proposed by Rees, Breen, Cusack, and Hegney (2015). We hypothesized that resilience would mediate the relationship between mindfulness and perceived stress. Using an online Qualtrics survey, we measured 127 student participants’ levels of mindfulness, resilience, and perceived stress. The results supported a positive relationship between mindfulness and resilience. In addition, there was a positive relationship between resilience and perceived stress. As a result, the proposed mediation was not supported. Resilience did not mediate the relationship between mindfulness and perceived stress. Future research should test alternative measures of …

Conducting A Training Needs Assessment For The Mtsu Nasa Focus Lab, Kriston Troy Brannan, Dr. Michael Hein

River Cities Industrial and Organizational Psychology Conference

For the last decade, Middle Tennessee State University has established itself as a leader in training the next generation of aviation professionals through its Flight Operations Center – Unified Simulation program, also known as the NASA FOCUS Lab. The FOCUS Lab is a complex operation involving around a dozen students per team, who are assigned to nine different positions within the lab, as well as positions within a remotely operated flight simulator. As a high-fidelity simulation, the Lab requires detailed training protocols and documentation for each position, which incorporate duties and tasks designed to simulate those required by positions within …