Oceanography Commons^™

Morphologic Evolution Of A Nearshore Berm: One Year Monitoring At Ft. Myers Beach, Florida, Kristopher Jason Enfinger

Theses and Dissertations

Nourishment in the form of a nearhsore berm has become an important alternative method to protecting shorelines and introducing sediment back into the littoral system. In 2009, a nearshore berm was constructed at Ft. Myers Beach, Florida by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers through maintenance dredging of a nearby navigational channel at Matanzas Pass. Constructed in the form of a nearshore bar, the berm was one of the shallowest placements in a low-wave energy setting. The Coastal Research Lab at the University of South Florida (USF-CRL) conducted field monitoring for the first four years after the construction. This project …

Conductivity, Temperature, And Depth (Ctd) Data For Deepend Stations, Cruise Dp05, May 2017, David English, Chuanmin Hu, April Cook, Tracey Sutton

DEEPEND Datasets

Conductivity, temperature, and depth data from the ship's CTD, which was deployed at each of the DEEPEND stations. Depth of cast was variable, but extended from near-surface waters to below the euphotic zone. This data also includes measurements from a red light transmissometer, a chlorophyll fluorometer, and a dissolved oxygen sensor. The data is used in the assessment of the water column's vertical structure, and for comparison with physical models. Data were collected in the northern Gulf of Mexico from May 2-12, 2017.

Conductivity, Temperature And Depth (Ctd) Data For Deepend Stations, Cruise Dp03, May 2016, David English, Chuanmin Hu, April Cook, Tracey Sutton

DEEPEND Datasets

Conductivity, temperature and depth data from the ship's CTD, which is deployed at each of the DEEPEND stations. Depth of cast is variable, but extends from near-surface waters to below the euphotic zone. This data is used in the assessment of the water column's vertical structure, and for comparison with physical models. Data were collected during cruise DP03 in the northern Gulf of Mexico, May 2016.

Assessing Phytoplankton Nutritional Status And Potential Impact Of Wet Deposition In Seasonally Oligotrophic Waters Of The Mid-Atlantic Bight, P. N. Sedwick, P. W. Bernhardt, M. R. Mulholland, R. G. Najjar, L. M. Blumen, B. M. Sohst, C. Sookhdeo, Brittany Widner

OES Faculty Publications

To assess phytoplankton nutritional status in seasonally oligotrophic waters of the southern Mid-Atlantic Bight, and the potential for rain to stimulate primary production in this region during summer, shipboard bioassay experiments were performed using natural seawater and phytoplankton collected north and south of the Gulf Stream. Bioassay treatments comprised iron, nitrate, iron + nitrate, iron + nitrate + phosphate, and rainwater. Phytoplankton growth was inferred from changes in chlorophyll a, inorganic nitrogen, and carbon-13 uptake, relative to unamended control treatments. Results indicated the greatest growth stimulation by iron + nitrate + phosphate, intermediate growth stimulation by rainwater, modest growth …

Concorde Meteorological Analysis (Cma) - Data Guide, Patrick Fitzpatrick, Yee H. Lau

Faculty Publications

CONCORDE is the CONsortium for oil spill exposure pathways in COastal River-Dominated Ecosystems (CONCORDE), and is an interdisciplinary research program funded by the Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative (GoMRI) to conduct scientific studies of the impacts of oil, dispersed oil and dispersant on the Gulf’s ecosystem (Greer et al. 2018). A CONCORDE goal is to implement a synthesis model containing circulation and biogeochemistry components of the Northern Gulf of Mexico shelf system which can ultimately aid in prediction of oil spill transport and impacts.

The CONCORDE Meteorological Analysis (CMA) is an hourly gridded NetCDF dataset which provides atmospheric forcing for …

Biogeochemical Cycling Of Selenium In The Arctic Ocean, Kyle M. Mcquiggan

OES Theses and Dissertations

Changes in the global climate may have a pronounced effect on the biogeochemical cycling of trace elements like selenium (Se) in the Arctic Ocean. This study described the first quantitative examination of the biogeochemical cycle of selenium in the Amerasian Basin, providing the baseline from which future changes can be identified. Aerosol, dissolved and particulate water samples were collected for Se determinations during the U.S. GEOTRACES GN01 Arctic expedition that sampled the two parts of the Amerasian Basin in 2015: The Makarov Basin on the way to the North Pole and the Canada Basin on the return trip to Dutch …

High-Resolution Observations In The Western Mediterranean Sea: The Rep14-Med Experiment, Reiner Onken, Heinz-Volker Fiekas, Laurent Beguery, Ines Borrione, Andreas Funk, Michael Hemming, Jaime Hernandez-Lasheras, Karen J. Heywood, Jan Kaiser, Michaela Knoll, Baptiste Mourre, Paolo Oddo, Pierre-Marie Poulain, Bastien Y. Queste, Aniello Russo, Kiminori Shitashima, Martin Siderius, Elizabeth Thorp Küsel

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

The observational part of the REP14-MED experiment was conducted in June 2014 in the Sardo-Balearic Basin west of Sardinia (western Mediterranean Sea). Two research vessels collected high-resolution oceanographic data by means of hydrographic casts, towed systems, and underway measurements. In addition, a vast amount of data was provided by a fleet of 11 ocean gliders, time series were available from moored instruments, and information on Lagrangian flow patterns was obtained from surface drifters and one profiling float. The spatial resolution of the observations encompasses a spectrum over 4 orders of magnitude from O(10¹ m) to O(10⁵ m), and …

Influence Of Black Mangrove Expansion On Salt Marsh Faunal Communities Of Eastern Coastal Louisiana, Christina Powell

LSU Master's Theses

The salt marshes along the Gulf of Mexico provide a critical habitat for many species, but their spatial distribution is changing, because Avicennia germinans (black mangroves) are expanding due to warmer winters. Currently, little is known about how A. germinans are used as habitat providing food and refuge for aquatic fauna. Therefore, the overall goal of this study was to determine how A.germinans expansion into the Spartina alterniflora (smooth cordgrass) marshes of Louisiana’s Mississippi River delta plain affects salt marsh-dependent organisms. This study analyzed three habitat types: Spartina-dominated, Avicennia-dominated, and a mix of the two, focusing on habitat use and …

Numerical Experiment Of Sediment Dynamics Over A Dredged Pit On The Louisiana Shelf, Nazanin Chaichitehrani

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Sediment transport over Sandy Point dredge pit in the northern Gulf of Mexico was examined using field measurements and a finely resolved numerical model. Delft3D model with well-vetted computational grid and input parameters was used. Numerical experiments were performed to examine the effect of wind-generated waves, wind-driven currents and their interaction on sediment dynamics in our study area during a cold front in November 2014 and fair-weather conditions between July and August of 2015. Sediment dispersal from the lower Mississippi River, sediment resuspension, transport and deposition with high spatial and temporal resolution were simulated. A reliable satellite-derived near-surface suspended particulate …

Carbon Budget Of Tidal Wetlands, Estuaries, And Shelf Waters Of Eastern North America, R. G. Najjar, M. Herrmann, R. Alexander, D. J. Burdige, D. Butman, W.-J. Cai, E. A. Canuel, R. F. Chen, M. A. M. Friedrichs, M. R. Mulholland

OES Faculty Publications

Carbon cycling in the coastal zone affects global carbon budgets and is critical for understanding the urgent issues of hypoxia, acidification, and tidal wetland loss. However, there are no regional carbon budgets spanning the three main ecosystems in coastal waters: tidal wetlands, estuaries, and shelf waters. Here we construct such a budget for eastern North America using historical data, empirical models, remote sensing algorithms, and process‐based models. Considering the net fluxes of total carbon at the domain boundaries, 59 ± 12% (± 2 standard errors) of the carbon entering is from rivers and 41 ± 12% is from the atmosphere, …

Comparison Of A Simplified Cupric Oxide Oxidation Hplc Method With The Traditional Gc-Ms Method For Characterization Of Lignin Phenolics In Environmental Samples (Vol 13, Pg 1, 2015), Luni Sun, Robert G. M. Spencer, Peter J. Hernes, Rachael Y. Dyda, Kenneth Mopper

Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Publications

In our article entitled “Comparison of a simplified cupric oxide oxidation HPLC method with the traditional GC-MS method for characterization of lignin phenolics in environmental samples” (Limnol. Oceanogr.: Methods 13, 2015, 1–52), doi: 10.1002/lom3.10001, we would like to correct the errors in Fig. 2 and Table 2 as mentioned below. The label to Fig. 2(a) needs to be transposed as indicated in the corrected Fig. 2 image below.

Natural And Anthropogenic Impacts On Sediment Dynamics And Preservation In Contrasting Mississippi Deltaic Coastal Environments, Jiaze Wang

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Deltas worldwide share the same sinking problem in face of pressure from natural and anthropogenic activities. Many restoration strategies are being planned or have been implemented in the coasts around the world. However, many conventional hard structure constructions are energy-intensive. There are also associated uncertainties and limitations on the effectiveness and sustainability of these restoration plans. Soft or ecological engineering strategies normally take advantage of or mimic the coastal system self-response and feedbacks to natural and anthropogenic activities. The successful implementation of soft strategies relies on process-based studies on the change of complex coastal system. In addition, post-implementation monitoring work …

Mixing It Up In The Ocean Carbon Cycle And The Removal Of Refractory Dissolved Organic Carbon, Yuan Shen, Ronald Benner

Faculty Publications

A large quantity of reduced carbon is sequestered in the ocean as refractory dissolved molecules that persist through several circuits of global overturning circulation. Key aspects of the cycling of refractory dissolved organic carbon (DOC) remain unknown, making it challenging to predict how this large carbon reservoir will respond to climate change. Herein we investigate mechanisms that remove refractory DOC using bioassay experiments with DOC isolated from surface, mesopelagic and deep waters of the Atlantic Ocean. The isolated DOC was refractory to degradation by native microbial communities, even at elevated concentrations. However, when the refractory DOC was introduced to a …

Effects Of Projected Changes In Wind, Atmospheric Temperature, And Freshwater Inflow On The Ross Sea, Michael S. Dinniman, John M. Klinck, Eileen E. Hofmann, Walker O. Smith Jr.

CCPO Publications

A 5-km horizontal resolution regional ocean-sea ice-ice shelf model of the Ross Sea is used to examine the effects of changes in wind strength, air temperature, and increased meltwater input on the formation of high-salinity shelf water (HSSW), on-shelf transport and vertical mixing of Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW) and its transformation into modified CDW (MCDW), and basal melt of the Ross Ice Shelf (RIS). A 20% increase in wind speed, with no other atmospheric changes, reduced summer sea ice minimum area by 20%, opposite the observed trend of the past three decades. Increased winds with spatially uniform, reduced atmospheric temperatures …

Habitat Classification Of The Gulf Of Mexico (Gom) Using The Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (Hycom) And Salinity/Temperature Profiles, Cruises Dp01-Dp04, May 2015 To August 2016, Matt Johnston, Rosanna Milligan, Cole Easson, Sergio Derada, Brad Penta, Tracey Sutton

DEEPEND Datasets

Deep pelagic habitat from the entire Gulf of Mexico (GOM) was classified using the deviation of sea surface height (SSH) from mean SSH for the entire GOM and water temperature at 300 m water depth, founded on ocean condition data from the 1/25° GOM HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM). Pelagic habitats were segregated into anticyclonic, mixed boundaries, and common water units – all of which likely produce varying levels of forage for deep-sea fauna and may be trophic drivers. Model classifications were compared to classifications based on water column temperature and salinity at depth, as measured by CTD casts during …

Coastal Land-Air Sea Interaction: June 13th 2016 Rhib Momentum Flux Observations, David G. Ortiz-Suslow, Brian K. Haus, Neil J. Williams, Hans C. Graber, Jamie H. Macmahan

Supplementary Data and Tools

The dataset collected here represents the processed and quality-controlled information used in the analysis and presentation of the manuscript, “Observations of Air-Sea Momentum Flux Variability across the Inner Shelf” by the authors listed above, which is published by AGU in the Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans. Unless specifically noted in the data file’s header/metadata information or in this document, all of the data contained within this set was collected from instrumentation mounted aboard the rigid-hull inflatable boat (RHIB) deployed as part of the CLASI field study on the June 13, 2016. These measurements were made within Monterey Bay directly offshore of …

On-Ice Arctic Sea Ice Thickness Measurements By Auger, Core, And Electromagnetic Induction, Ryan E. Avila, Benjamin Holt

STAR Program Research Presentations

Ice thickness measurements have been taken in the arctic through a variety of means for a long time in order to better understand the long-term changes to sea ice. This project is focused on measurements made directly on the ice by using an auger or electromagnetic sounding which have both been shown to be highly accurate compared to other observational methods. Our first goal is to create and update an archive of sea ice data that collects smaller separated data sets in one easy to access location for other researchers to use. Our second goal is to use this data …

Integrated Analysis Of The Value Of Wetland Services In Coastal Adaptation; Methodology And Case Study Of Hampton-Seabrook Estuary, New Hampshire, Paul Kirshen, Semra Aytur, David M. Burdick, Diane Foster, Tom Lippmann, Ellen Douglas, Sydney Nick, Chris Watson

Jackson Estuarine Laboratory

The present impacts from coastal storms and high tides grow significantly over time due to SLR even over the relatively short period to 2060. Hydrodynamic model simulations of storm surge with and without sea level rise scenarios show that although flooding and inundation increases with increasing subtidal forcing and higher sea level, dissipation of the tide and storm surge in the estuary channel somewhat limits the maximum inundation that might otherwise be expected in the back marsh areas. The estuary is dominated by high marsh, which lies high in the intertidal zone and by 2060 it will convert to mostly …

Fate Of Methoprene In Temperate Salt Marsh Ditches Following Aerial Applications, David J. Tonjes, Anne E. Mcelroy, Robin K. Barnes, Dominick V. Ninivaggi, Walter Dawydiak, Gregory T. Greene, Bruce J. Brownawell

Technology & Society Faculty Publications

Aerial applications of liquid methoprene are used in salt marshes to control mosquitoes by preventing adult emergence. Despite concern about toxicity to non-target organisms, little is known about environmental concentrations after applications, nor methoprene's persistence in salt marsh environments. Aqueous and sediment samples were collected from two marshes receiving weekly applications. Aqueous samples were collected as early as 30 minutes after applications and as long as nine days afterwards; sediment samples were taken within hours of application and as long as 19 days post-application. Use of time-of-flight liquid chromatography – mass spectral analysis allowed for ultra low detection limits (0.5 …

The Biogeochemical Cycling Of Iron, Copper, Nickel, Cadmium, Manganese, Cobalt, Lead, And Scandium In A California Current Experimental Study, Travis Mellett, Matthew T. Brown, P. Dreux Chappell, Carolyn Duckham, Jessica N. Fitzsimmons, Claire P. Till, Robert M. Sherrell, Maria T. Maldonado, Kristen N. Buck

OES Faculty Publications

A 3-day shipboard incubation experiment was conducted in the California Current System in July 2014 to investigate the cycling of iron (Fe), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), cadmium (Cd), manganese (Mn), cobalt (Co), lead (Pb), and scandium (Sc) under a range of light and particle conditions. Filtered (< 0.2 μm) and unfiltered treatments were incubated under the following light conditions: Dark, light (“UV”), and light without the ultraviolet (UV) wavelengths (“noUV”). The experiment was sampled for carbon and Fe uptake rates, dissolved trace metal concentrations (Fe, Cu, Ni, Cd, Mn, Co, Pb, Sc), Fe and Cu speciation, size-fractionated concentrations of Cd and Fe, and diatom community composition from DNA sequencing. Exposure to UV light increased phytoplankton Fe uptake in the first 24 h of the incubation relative to the noUV treatment, suggesting that a fraction of the ambient ligand-bound Fe was photoreactive. Fe-binding organic ligand production was observed in the unfiltered light treatments in association with increasing chlorophyll a, and evidence for Cu-binding ligand production in these treatments was also observed. Biological uptake of Cd and Co was observed along with scavenging of dissolved Pb. Manganese appeared to be rapidly oxidized by Mn-oxidizing bacteria with concomitant drawdown of dissolved Ni. Scandium displayed similar trends to Fe, reinforcing the limited observations …

Observation-Driven Estimation Of The Spatial Variability Of 20th Century Sea Level Rise, B. D. Hamlington, A. Burgos, P. R. Thompson, F. W. Landerer, C. G. Piecuch, S. Adhikari, L. Caron, J. T. Reager, E. R. Ivins

OES Faculty Publications

Over the past two decades, sea level measurements made by satellites have given clear indications of both global and regional sea level rise. Numerous studies have sought to leverage the modern satellite record and available historic sea level data provided by tide gauges to estimate past sea level rise, leading to several estimates for the 20^th century trend in global mean sea level in the range between 1 and 2 mm/yr. On regional scales, few attempts have been made to estimate trends over the same time period. This is due largely to the inhomogeneity and quality of the tide …

Composition Of Dissolved Organic Matter In Pore Waters Of Anoxic Marine Sediments Analyzed By 1h Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Christina A. Fox, Hussain A. Abdulla, David J. Burdige, James P. Lewicki, Tomoko Komada

OES Faculty Publications

Marine sediments are globally significant sources of dissolved organic matter (DOM) to the oceans, but the biogeochemical role of pore-water DOM in the benthic and marine carbon cycles remains unclear due to a lack of understanding about the molecular composition of DOM. To help fill this knowledge gap, we used 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to examine depth variability in the composition of pore-water DOM in anoxic sediments of Santa Barbara Basin, California Borderland. Proton detected spectra were acquired on whole samples without pre-concentration to avoid preclusion of any DOM components from the analytical window. Broad unresolved resonance (operationally …

Expected Limits On The Ocean Acidification Buffering Potential Of A Temperate Seagrass Meadow, David A. Koweek, R. C. Zimmerman, Kathryn M. Hewett, Brian Gaylord, Sarah N. Giddings, Kerry J. Nickols, Jennifer L. Ruesink, John J. Stachowicz, Yuichiro Takeshita, Ken Caldeira

OES Faculty Publications

Ocean acidification threatens many marine organisms, especially marine calcifiers. The only global‐scale solution to ocean acidification remains rapid reduction in CO₂ emissions. Nevertheless, interest in localized mitigation strategies has grown rapidly because of the recognized threat ocean acidification imposes on natural communities, including ones important to humans. Protection of seagrass meadows has been considered as a possible approach for localized mitigation of ocean acidification due to their large standing stocks of organic carbon and high productivity. Yet much work remains to constrain the magnitudes and timescales of potential buffering effects from seagrasses. We developed a biogeochemical box model to …

Corrigendum: Composition Of Dissolved Organic Matter In Pore Waters Of Anoxic Marine Sediments Analyzed By 1h Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Christina A. Fox, Hussain A. Abdulla, David J. Burdige, James P. Lewicki, Tomoko Komada

OES Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Perspectives On Chemical Oceanography In The 21st Century: Participants Of The Come Aboard Meeting Examine Aspects Of The Field In The Context Of 40 Years Of Disco, Andrea J. Fassbender, Hilary I. Palevsky, Todd R. Martz, Anitra E. Ingalls, Martha Gledhill, Sarah E. Fawcett, Jay A. Brandes, Lihini I. Aluwihare, The Participants Of Come Aboard, Disco Xxv

OES Faculty Publications

The questions that chemical oceanographers prioritize over the coming decades, and the methods we use to address these questions, will define our field's contribution to 21st century science. In recognition of this, the U.S. National Science Foundation and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration galvanized a community effort (the Chemical Oceanography MEeting: A BOttom-up Approach to Research Directions, or COME ABOARD) to synthesize bottom-up perspectives on selected areas of research in Chemical Oceanography. Representing only a small subset of the community, COME ABOARD participants did not attempt to identify targeted research directions for the field. Instead, we focused on how best …

Interpreting Mosaics Of Ocean Biogeochemistry, Andrea Fassbender, A. Bourbonnais, Sophie Clayton, P. Gaube, M. Ormand, P.J.S. Franks, M. A. Altabet, D.J. Mcgillicuddy Jr.

OES Faculty Publications

Advances in technology and modeling capabilities are driving a surge in progress in our understanding of how ocean ecosystems mix and mingle on medium to small scales.

Application Of A Numerical Model To Evaluate The Impact Of Future Sea-Level Change In Coastal Inundation Around Chester And Delaware Counties, Yong Hoon Kim

Sustainability Research & Creative Activities Grants Reports

Coastal inundation caused by severe weather events such as hurricanes was investigated by applying a numerical simulation for the area of eastern Pennsylvania. The study area includes long extension of coastal low-lying lands by the Delaware River, including Philadelphia city as well as Chester and Delaware counties, which is under the risk of coastal inundation when hurricanes hit the mid-Atlantic regions. The SLOSH (Sea, Lake and Overland Surges from Hurricanes) model, initially developed by the National Weather Service (NWS), was implemented to the study area to evaluate the probability of inundation due to combined effect of Hurricane storm surge and …

Shelf Cross-Shore Flows Under Storm-Driven Conditions: Role Of Stratification, Shoreline Orientation, And Bathymetry., Xiaodong Wu, Nirnimesh Kumar, George Voulgaris

Faculty Publications

Numerical simulations are used to study the response of Long Bay, SC (USA), a typical coastal embayment with curved coastline located on the South Atlantic Bight, to realistic, climatologically defined, synoptic storm forcing. Synoptic storms, consisting of cold and warm 25 fronts as well as tropical storms, are used as forcing under both mixed and stratified initial conditions. The analysis focuses on the development of cross-shore shelf circulation and the relative contributions of regionally defined cross-shore winds and alongshore bathymetric variation. The simulation results show that, under stratified conditions, the regionally defined offshore directed wind component promotes upwelling during the …

Climate-Change-Driven Accelerated Sea-Level Rise Detected In The Altimeter Era, R. S. Nerem, B. D. Beckley, J. T. Fasullo, B. D. Hamlington, D. Masters, G. T. Mitchum

CCPO Publications

Using a 25-y time series of precision satellite altimeter data from TOPEX/Poseidon, Jason-1, Jason-2, and Jason-3, we estimate the climate-change-driven acceleration of global mean sea level over the last 25 y to be 0.084 ± 0.025 mm/y². Coupled with the average climate-change-driven rate of sea level rise over these same 25 y of 2.9 mm/y, simple extrapolation of the quadratic implies global mean sea level could rise 65 ± 12 cm by 2100 compared with 2005, roughly in agreement with the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 5th Assessment Report (AR5) model projections.

Biochemical And Structural Controls On The Decomposition Dynamics Of Boreal Upland Forest Moss Tissues, Michael Philben, Sara Butler, Sharon A. Billings, Ronald Benner, Kate A. Edwards, Susan E. Ziegler

Faculty Publications

Mosses contribute an average of 20 % of boreal upland forest net primary productivity and are frequently observed to degrade slowly compared to vascular plants. If this is caused primarily by the chemical complexity of their tissues, moss decomposition could exhibit high temperature sensitivity (measured as Q10) due to high activation energy, which would imply that soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks derived from moss remains are especially vulnerable to decomposition with warming. Alternatively, the physical structure of the moss cell-wall biochemical matrix could inhibit decomposition, resulting in low decay rates and low temperature sensitivity. We tested these hypotheses by …