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Articles 3271 - 3300 of 6663

Full-Text Articles in Numerical Analysis and Scientific Computing

Fault Diagnosis Model Of Circuit Breaker Based On Sparse Representation And M-Elm, Weihua Niu, Guishu Liang, Zhao Peng Jun 2020

Fault Diagnosis Model Of Circuit Breaker Based On Sparse Representation And M-Elm, Weihua Niu, Guishu Liang, Zhao Peng

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: In order to improve the deficiencies of the conventional methods used to evaluate the mechanical properties of circuit breaker, a new circuit breaker diagnosis model based on sparse representation and M-ELM (Memetic-Extreme Learning Machine) is constructed. Auxiliary mark motion on the pull rod or shaft is recorded by a high speed camera when the circuit breaker is open or close. The motion trajectory is acquired through sparse representation and mechanical parameters, such as open and close velocity, are calculated according to the travel-time curve of the circuit breaker. With mechanical parameters characteristic values being inputs of M-ELM, fault …

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Bi-Layered Network Model Of Command Information System Based On Task Flow, Cui Qiong, Jianhua Li, Haodan Ran, Mingli Nan Jun 2020

Bi-Layered Network Model Of Command Information System Based On Task Flow, Cui Qiong, Jianhua Li, Haodan Ran, Mingli Nan

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: As the monolayer and static network model can not reflect the hiberarchy and task property of command information system, a bi-layered network model of command information system based on task flow is established. The dynamic operation mechanism and layered network structure are descripted on the basis of task、structure and function of the system. The bi-layered network consisting of communication network and function network is defined based on the task property and layered network theory. The simulation takes the joint air defense operation command information system as an example and the results demonstrate the effectiveness of the model. The proposed …

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Multi-Objective Image Threshold Segmentation Based On Statistical Curve Difference Method, Yuanfei Zhu, Sixiang Zhang, Zhou Wei, Xiaochen Wang, Zhidong Li Jun 2020

Multi-Objective Image Threshold Segmentation Based On Statistical Curve Difference Method, Yuanfei Zhu, Sixiang Zhang, Zhou Wei, Xiaochen Wang, Zhidong Li

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: In order to accurately segment the multi-objective image whose objective area is too small, and the background gray value is similar to the objective, a threshold segmentation algorithm based on statistical curve difference method is proposed. The mountain model of multi-objective gray image is established and the gray image is normalized. The number of connected area is counted by threshold division. The statistical curve is plotted with the horizontal coordinate being the gray level with equal interval, and the vertical coordinate being the counting result. The threshold point is the point where the difference value of the statistical …

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Performance Analysis Of Digital Refocusing Process Based On Light Field Imaging, Suping You, Yucheng Lu, Zhang Wei, Yang Bo Jun 2020

Performance Analysis Of Digital Refocusing Process Based On Light Field Imaging, Suping You, Yucheng Lu, Zhang Wei, Yang Bo

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Digital refocusing is one of the important properties of light field imaging, and the analysis of its performance has important reference value for the study of light field imaging. In this paper,two different digital refocusing algorithms based on the microlens array light field camera (LFC) in spatial and frequency domain are presented. We study the influences of different domains, interpolation methods and sample radius in digital refocusing algorithm on image quality and computation speed. And we yield a tradeoff between image quality and time consumption in two domains. Experiment results suggest that the two algorithms can achieve digital refocusing …

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Survey On Parallel Collision Detection Algorithms, Fuchang Liu, Shuangjian Wang, Zhigeng Pan, Jinrong Wang Jun 2020

Survey On Parallel Collision Detection Algorithms, Fuchang Liu, Shuangjian Wang, Zhigeng Pan, Jinrong Wang

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: The demand for real-time collision detection is increasing in different applications. Exploiting the parallel computing capability of multi-core CPUs and GPUs to accelerate the speed of collision detection algorithms has attracted abroad attention. This paper reviews the development history of collision detection algorithms and classified the existing algorithms from multiple perspectives. Moreover, we analyze the strengths and weaknesses of more than ten representative parallel collision detection algorithms based on multi-core CPUs and GPUs from the aspects of the scalability, memory consumption and workload balancing. Finally, the problem of present parallel collision detection research and potential direction of following research …

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Urban Mobile Augmented Reality Method Based On Self Organization Of Multi-Modal Data, Wanxian Guan, Wanpeng Li, Ge Lin, Huagen Wan Jun 2020

Urban Mobile Augmented Reality Method Based On Self Organization Of Multi-Modal Data, Wanxian Guan, Wanpeng Li, Ge Lin, Huagen Wan

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: In recent years, urban mobile augmented reality has important application prospects. However, with the large-scale scenes in the cities, how to collect and reasonably manage and organize as well as efficiently use the big data sets has become an important issue for the performance of mobile augmented reality. To solve this problem, this paper proposed an urban mobile augmented reality method based on the free organization of multi-modal data, with the application scenario of urban streetscape enhancement. The proposed method takes the multi-modal data as the centric context and aims at how to acquire and process raw data effectively, …

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Denoising Algorithm Based On Neighborhood Expansion Clustering, Xinggang Li, Yaping Zhang, Yuwei Yang Jun 2020

Denoising Algorithm Based On Neighborhood Expansion Clustering, Xinggang Li, Yaping Zhang, Yuwei Yang

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Aimed at the three dimensional point clouds model with outliers and noises which is reconstructed based on 2D images, a new denoising algorithm based on neighborhood expansion clustering is proposed. The search for other neighboring points of each data point is conducted by using the Euclidean distance between data points and the transitive property of the neighborhood location relation. All points are processed for cluster partition, which detects and filters the outliers in the point clouds model. The concept of neighborhood expansion clustering and the fast search algorithm based on dynamic grids division are discussed. It solves the …

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Realistic Simulation Of Potted Monocot Plant Based On Ifs, Fanxing Zhang, Feiya Lu, Meili Wang Jun 2020

Realistic Simulation Of Potted Monocot Plant Based On Ifs, Fanxing Zhang, Feiya Lu, Meili Wang

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Potted monocot plants are one of the most indispensable plants for landscaping and environment. This paper establishes 3D geometric model of branches, twigs, branches and leaves of potted monocot plants with adjustable morphology parameters based on iterated function system. Specifically, considering the self-similarity and randomness of branch bifurcation structure, a corresponding pruning operation module is established. The visualization of the pruning of the branch morphology with higher degrees of freedom is implemented through the affine transformation matrix and geometric model, producing more realistic computer simulation results. This paper provides guidance for the study and market selection of potted plants.

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Surface Reconstruction Of Point Cloud Based On Geometric Structure, Zhenfa Yang, Wan Gang, Xuefeng Cao, Li Feng, Lixiang Xie Jun 2020

Surface Reconstruction Of Point Cloud Based On Geometric Structure, Zhenfa Yang, Wan Gang, Xuefeng Cao, Li Feng, Lixiang Xie

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: To solve the problems that the existing noise in dense point cloud generated from sequential images dense matching affects the accuracy, and geometric structure such as flat exists in urban scenes, a surface reconstruction method of dense point cloud based on geometric structure is proposed in this paper. RANSAC algorithm is applied to extract planar structure. The original points were structured into planar points, crease points of two planes intersecting, corner points of three or more planes intersecting and clutter points. Then the structured point cloud is divided into tetrahedron by 3D Delaunay, improving the penalty term …

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Pcnl: A Visual Analysis Method For Comparing Homogeneous Hierarchical Data, Dong Yu, Chen Yi, Yuehong Sun Jun 2020

Pcnl: A Visual Analysis Method For Comparing Homogeneous Hierarchical Data, Dong Yu, Chen Yi, Yuehong Sun

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: According to the requirements of comparing homogeneous hierarchical data in different fields, a visual analysis method called PCNL is presented in this paper. Homogeneous information is extracted from the multiple levels of the heterogeneous hierarchical data set, and isomorphic node-link trees are constructed. Parallel coordinates are combined with node-link trees, which displays attribute values of leaf nodes in multiple isomorphic trees. Interactive techniques are introduced to help users to compare and analyze multiple attributes of each leaf node in multiplehomogeneous hierarchical structures. Applying this method to compare multi-national MRL data in food safety field can help users to …

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Role And Background Effects Enhancement In Holographic Projection, Desheng Lü, Zhiye Lin, Kong Lu Jun 2020

Role And Background Effects Enhancement In Holographic Projection, Desheng Lü, Zhiye Lin, Kong Lu

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Although holographic projection technology combined with three-dimensional animation can be seen on many shows nowadays, the poor ability to identity the black color and the high requirement for camera's placement, which lead to the lack of content and high complexity, have become main restrictions for the development of holographic animation. An algorithm is proposed to replace or adjust the lightness of black color in holographic animation to improve the projection. The linkage of camera in four directions is studied to facilitate the acquisition of holographic projection images, which enhances the holographic animation effect. Finally, a real projection platform …

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Coveragedetecting Algorithm Based On Sub-Pixel Geometricprimitives, Li Hua, Huamin Yang, Han Cheng, Jianping Zhao Jun 2020

Coveragedetecting Algorithm Based On Sub-Pixel Geometricprimitives, Li Hua, Huamin Yang, Han Cheng, Jianping Zhao

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: A hard shadow anti-aliasing rendering algorithm with sub-pixel accuracywas proposed. The method focused on addressing aliasing artifacts of the shadow map due to the sample density mismatching between light space and camera space. The method extracted geometric primitives from the scene's front view from a light source and storedscene visible triangles with fixed-size and local approximation using conservative rasterization; An algorithm was proposed to detect the covered plurality primitives in one texel based on the texel's vertices, and reconstruct testing depth of shadow ray precisely. The experiment results showed that covered primitives' detection algorithm was able toidentify …

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Simulation On Switch Reluctance Motor Vibration Under Load Condition Based On Ansys, Luan Ru, Jinru Guo Jun 2020

Simulation On Switch Reluctance Motor Vibration Under Load Condition Based On Ansys, Luan Ru, Jinru Guo

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: At present, the research on the vibration problem of switched reluctance motor is limited to the natural mode analysis under no-load condition. The coupling calculation of transient electromagnetic field and structure dynamic field in SRM is deduced. It is proved that the vibration results of SRM can be obtained under the load. An improved simulation method is proposed to improve the data link of Workbench ANSYS, and to realize the direct coupling of the whole data link between the transient electromagnetic field and the transient structural dynamic field. The simulation method is described in detail for a specific SRM …

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3d Simultaneous Localization And Mapping Based On Rgb-D Images, Lingyan Hu, Cao Lu, Pengwen Xiong, Xin Yong, Zekun Xie Jun 2020

3d Simultaneous Localization And Mapping Based On Rgb-D Images, Lingyan Hu, Cao Lu, Pengwen Xiong, Xin Yong, Zekun Xie

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: To reduce the accumulated pose error of robots during the three-dimensional simultaneous localization and mapping, a global optimization method is proposed to improve the positioning accuracy and the quality of the map. This method, which is based on the visual odometry of the frame and frame registration model, adds the pose-constraints by closed-loop detection based on image matching. Local loop is combined with random loop to improve the optimization efficiency. The general graph optimization algorithm is used to globally optimize the robot poses. A key-frame selection strategy is also proposed to decrease the consumption of the …

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Flight Support Service Time Estimation Of Hub Airport, Zhiwei Xing, Yunxiao Tang Jun 2020

Flight Support Service Time Estimation Of Hub Airport, Zhiwei Xing, Yunxiao Tang

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: For the convenience of airport to publish the accurate information about flight status to passengers in time, estimating the service time of airport flight support is needed. Because the flight support service is a mixed procedure of job shop and fixed site, and has characteristics of time window constrains and resource demand difference, a model of flight support service procedure based on vehicle routing problem with time windows (VRPTW) was built. For the strong NP nature of vehicle routing problems, a two phase hybrid heuristic algorithm based on greedy algorithm and tabu search was proposed. It was applied to …

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Fault Diagnosis Method Of Pmsm Based On Adaptive Dynamic Cat Swarm Optimization Of Svm, Wang Yan, Wang Xin, Zhicheng Ji, Dahu Yan Jun 2020

Fault Diagnosis Method Of Pmsm Based On Adaptive Dynamic Cat Swarm Optimization Of Svm, Wang Yan, Wang Xin, Zhicheng Ji, Dahu Yan

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: In order to solve the problems of common inter-turn short circuit faults of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM), a corresponding motor fault model based on the existing basis of PMSM is established. The eigenvector is extracted by energy spectrum analysis. The penalty factor and RBF-kernel parameter of SVM are optimized by adaptive dynamic cat swarm optimization (ADACSO) algorithm. The optimized SVM is adopted to motor fault diagnosis. The eigenvector obtained by energy spectrum analysis is taken as sample data to conduct simulation experiment. The experiment results indicate that, compared with other optimization algorithms, using ADACSO to optimize …

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Design And Implementation Of Online Interactive Educational Game Based On Somatosensory, Ban Rui, Dandan Ding, Mingmin Zhang, Huaqing Shen Jun 2020

Design And Implementation Of Online Interactive Educational Game Based On Somatosensory, Ban Rui, Dandan Ding, Mingmin Zhang, Huaqing Shen

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: The somatic game has been widely used in the educational field because of the advantages of excellent experience, multi sense and student-centered. But now, the commonly used somatic game equipment is based on PC, such as Kinect, which does not support browsing on web and requires long period development, failing to meet the teaching demands. This leads to the slow and imbalanced developments of somatic-based education game. To solve those problems, this paper puts forward a solution, which combines Websocket communication mechanism and Kinect recognition mode. In order to promote the integration of education and games, this paper further …

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Ant Colony Search Skeleton Extraction Methodbased On Distance Transform, Zhaoyuan Zhang, Dai Ning, Liu Hao, Dawei Li Jun 2020

Ant Colony Search Skeleton Extraction Methodbased On Distance Transform, Zhaoyuan Zhang, Dai Ning, Liu Hao, Dawei Li

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Forsolving the poor connectivity problems of skeleton extraction method based on distance transform, ant colony search skeleton extraction method based on distance transform is proposed. The objects potential skeleton points are obtained according to the distance transform and its gradient.By controlling the polygon approximation errorofthe object boundary curve, the boundary vertices with different contribution to the object shape information are determined,and the convex vertices are takenas the endpoints of the object'sskeletonline.The endpoints of redundant skeleton branches are eliminated according to the inner angle size of the endpoint .The heuristic guidance function is determined by distance transformation gradient, pixel …

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Design And Implementation Of Virtual Treadmill System Supporting Natural Interaction, Zhigeng Pan, Congjin Liu, Yingying Ge, Qingshu Yuan Jun 2020

Design And Implementation Of Virtual Treadmill System Supporting Natural Interaction, Zhigeng Pan, Congjin Liu, Yingying Ge, Qingshu Yuan

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: By virtually displaying outdoor sports scene, virtual treadmill system can make running more interesting. How to interact naturally and effectively during running is an important issue in system design. Based on the gesture interaction region partition and analysis of Kinect data, we designed a gesture interaction protocol. The protocol supports menu interaction and content switch without interruption of human running process. We also designed and implemented a virtual treadmill system which utilizes OSG library and Unity3D for scene modeling. Serial port and Socket is used for status or sports data transmission. The system can displayed on a large monitor …

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Design And Implementation Of 3d Monitoring System Based On Opc Ua, Gu Yan, Huanchong Cheng, Wang Zhen, Xiumin Fan Jun 2020

Design And Implementation Of 3d Monitoring System Based On Opc Ua, Gu Yan, Huanchong Cheng, Wang Zhen, Xiumin Fan

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: With the rapid development of industrial automation, users' demands on the safety of data collection, data transmission and data interaction during manufacturing process are increasing, along with which is the serious communication problem because of device heterogeneity. Besides, due to the rapid expansion of mobile application, more and more mobile devices such as mobiles and Pads are pouring into monitoring system. In this paper, a 3D monitoring system based on OPC UA is designed and implemented to meet the requirement of real-time and versatility of devices. The 3D monitoring system is composed of an OPC UA server and an …

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Emergency Behavior Assessment System Based On Vr Fire Escape Game, Gaoqi He, Mingqiang Yu, Zhengqing Jiang, Xingjian Lu Jun 2020

Emergency Behavior Assessment System Based On Vr Fire Escape Game, Gaoqi He, Mingqiang Yu, Zhengqing Jiang, Xingjian Lu

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Individuals' behavior and psychology have the typical features of complexity and dynamics under emergency, which is a great challenge for the realistic simulation of crowd behavior. In this paper, virtual reality and game technology are combined to design a virtual reality fire escape game (VRFEG), and the users' emergency behaviors are evaluated and analyzed effectively. VRFEG is mainly composed of four modules, i.e., interactive plot design, architecture design, data collection and behavior analysis. Experiment results show that the VRFEG system is very intuitive and easy to use. Such system could help people learn some emergency escape skills while immersing …

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Fuzzy Sliding Mode Control Of Double Inverted Pendulum Based On Linear Adaptive Qpso Tuning, Xin Jing, Xiangshuai Han, Yanming Liang, Cuicui Yan Jun 2020

Fuzzy Sliding Mode Control Of Double Inverted Pendulum Based On Linear Adaptive Qpso Tuning, Xin Jing, Xiangshuai Han, Yanming Liang, Cuicui Yan

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: To solve the problem of balancing control of linear double inverted pendulum, fuzzy sliding mode control method based on linear adaptive QPSO tuning is presented. According to the coupling property of the linear double inverted pendulum system, decoupling is applied twice and fuzzy sliding mode balancing controller is designed. The parameters of fuzzy sliding mode controller are determined by the linear adaptive quantum particle swarm optimization algorithm (LAQPSO). Linear double inverted pendulum balancing control simulation results show that the proposed method can effectively reduce the chattering phenomenon existing in the traditional sliding mode controller and improve the accuracy and …

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Real-Time Simulation On Virtual Dressing Based On Virtual Human Body Model, Chuanyu Xue, Hongwei Dong, Mingmin Zhang, Zhigeng Pan Jun 2020

Real-Time Simulation On Virtual Dressing Based On Virtual Human Body Model, Chuanyu Xue, Hongwei Dong, Mingmin Zhang, Zhigeng Pan

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: In this paper we put forward a real-time method of virtual dressing using a single Kinect device. Virtual dressing using a low-cost device has very important application, but classic 3D human body dressing algorithms cannot work in real time. We need to generate 3D human body model before virtual dressing using Kinect. In this paper, we use a method which is based on body's basic information to build human body model, and the method is optimized to enhance the local simulation results.This paper presents a tracking ellipsoid modeland applies GPU parallel computing to decrease the amount of calculation …

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Pose Estimation Using Convolutional Neural Network With Synthesis Depth Data, Wang Song, Fuchang Liu, Huang Ji, Weiwei Xu, Hongwei Dong Jun 2020

Pose Estimation Using Convolutional Neural Network With Synthesis Depth Data, Wang Song, Fuchang Liu, Huang Ji, Weiwei Xu, Hongwei Dong

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: 3D scenes can be reconstructed more easily and rapidly with depth camera. However, it is difficult to retrieve items in 3D scenes from a single view depth image, especially for the pose estimation. In this paper, we present a method of pose estimation using convolutional neural network with synthesis depth data, which predicts the items' pose in 3D scenes by regression. This is achieved by (i) synthesizing large amount of depth images with different pose for linear regression using 3D model, (ii) designing a class-dependent linear regression framework, which estimates the object's pose from different classes separately, …

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Triangular Mesh Clipping Using Triangular Decomposition, Guojun Chen, Yingying Huang, Li Hua, Jinling Li, Jingyi Liu Jun 2020

Triangular Mesh Clipping Using Triangular Decomposition, Guojun Chen, Yingying Huang, Li Hua, Jinling Li, Jingyi Liu

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Triangular mesh clipping is widely used in grid reconstruction, grid deformation, terrain fusion and analysis, and many other fields. In the application of geographic information system (GIS), triangular mesh clipping is the key to the fusion of terrain surface model and building model. However, existing polygon clipping algorithms do not take the space relationship of adjacent triangles into account.If they were directly used in triangular mesh clipping, T-intersections would appear in the cutting results, leading tounstable triangular mesh. In order to solve this problem, a triangular mesh clipping algorithm based on triangular decomposition is proposed. Triangular decomposition is implemented …

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Study On Fusion Algorithms Of Gf-2 Satellite Image, Shiqin Xie, Tianzhong Zhao, Wang Wei, Jingjing Shi Jun 2020

Study On Fusion Algorithms Of Gf-2 Satellite Image, Shiqin Xie, Tianzhong Zhao, Wang Wei, Jingjing Shi

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: This paper compared 4 kinds of image fusion methods through the GF-2 panchromatic and multispectral data fusion test. The subjective qualitative evaluation and objective quantitative evaluation were applied to analyze the quality of the fusion images, which were classified by the maximum likelihood method to select the suitable fusion method for GF-2 image. Test results showed that, among the four fusion methods, Pansharp transform achieved better fusion effect. It had the best subjective and objective qualitative evaluation; It had the highest overall classification accuracy in the maximum likelihood classification test. The experiment results indicated that the Pansharp transform had …

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Human Contour Extraction Based On Skeleton Matching, Zhang Yuan, Jiang Hao, Dengming Zhu, Zhaoqi Wang Jun 2020

Human Contour Extraction Based On Skeleton Matching, Zhang Yuan, Jiang Hao, Dengming Zhu, Zhaoqi Wang

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: To extract human contour in still images, we propose a human contour extraction method based on skeleton matching. Skeleton key points are points representing human skeleton in images. Optimal human contour key points corresponding to skeleton key pointscanbe extracted by constructing hidden Markov modelthrough skeleton key points and image pixels' edge information combined with human body morphology as prior knowledge. Few human contour key points can generate reasonable human contour. TheHermiteinterpolation is usedto connect these key points to obtain human contour. Experimentresults show thatour method can extract reasonable human contour in simple scene, andhas higher speed and achieves …

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Vehicle-Distance Measurement Based On Plate Area, Chunlian Yao, Shengnan Feng, Fangfang Zhang, Huilin Si Jun 2020

Vehicle-Distance Measurement Based On Plate Area, Chunlian Yao, Shengnan Feng, Fangfang Zhang, Huilin Si

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Estimating the distance between two vehicles is very important for transport safety. In order to keep the driving safety and avoid the traffic accidents, the visual-based vehicle detection and vehicle distance measurement are studied. In order to improve the detection precision and shorten the testing time, frame difference is combined with adaboost algorithm to detect vehicle. In the part of distance measurement, a method to calculate the distance between vehicles based on the pixels size of the vehicle's plate area in the image is proposed. Firstly, the image of the rear end of the vehicle is processed for …

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Three-Point Subdivision Scheme With Multi-Parameters For Reproducing Conic Splines, Huanxi Zhao, Qiu Xia Jun 2020

Three-Point Subdivision Scheme With Multi-Parameters For Reproducing Conic Splines, Huanxi Zhao, Qiu Xia

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: A non-static and non-stationary three-point subdivision schemes with three parameters was proposed to generate piecewise C1 rational quadratic Bezier spline curves. In particular, for special values of the tension parameters, the proposed scheme will be capable of reproducing all conic sections exactly and conic spline curve. In addition, the proposed subdivision scheme is approximation-type, but the limit curve generated by such scheme interpolates the initial control points, and by selecting the appropriate parameters, the proposed scheme is circle-preserving, line-preserving, cusp-preserving. Numerical examples show that the proposed subdivision scheme has a strong modeling capability.

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Spatio-Temporal Data Organization Model Of Unified Ground And Aerial Battlefield And Its Application, Li Feng, Wan Gang, Bingchuan Jiang, Xuefeng Cao Jun 2020

Spatio-Temporal Data Organization Model Of Unified Ground And Aerial Battlefield And Its Application, Li Feng, Wan Gang, Bingchuan Jiang, Xuefeng Cao

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Aiming at the requirement of battlefield environment data in joint operations, a spatio-temporal data organization model of unified ground and aerial battlefield based on grid division is proposed in this paper. The sphere grid division is adopted to divide the space to extend to the time dimension. Also, the spatio-temporal grid coding is designed. The field and object are combined to build the BSTD organization model, where the sphere layer and sphere volume grid unit are used separately as the reference space to quantitatively describe the field, and the spatio-temporal grid coding is adopted to describe the …

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