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Articles 1921 - 1950 of 6663
Full-Text Articles in Numerical Analysis and Scientific Computing
Development Of Semi-Physical Simulation Platform For Monitoring Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Process, Aijun Yan, Xia Heng, Xizhi Liu
Development Of Semi-Physical Simulation Platform For Monitoring Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Process, Aijun Yan, Xia Heng, Xizhi Liu
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: In order to research and test the modeling, control and optimization of MSW (Municipal Solid Waste) incineration process, a semi-physical simulation platform with three-layer structure by combining the physical control system with the virtual object is developed. The physical control system of the platform is composed of an intelligent control optimization layer and basic control layer; and the virtual object layer includes simulated instrument, actuator and incineration process model. The software for man-machine interface with OPC (Object Linking and Embedding (OLE) for Process Control), equipment/parameter monitoring, and incineration process model are developed. The functions of intelligent control optimization layer …
Development Paths Of New Energy Vehicles Incorporating Co2 Emissions Trading Scheme, Wenxiang Li, Li Ye, Jieshuang Dong, Yiming Li
Development Paths Of New Energy Vehicles Incorporating Co2 Emissions Trading Scheme, Wenxiang Li, Li Ye, Jieshuang Dong, Yiming Li
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: New energy vehicles in China have entered the “post-subsidy era”, and it is urgent to explore and establish a long-term mechanism for market-oriented development. The CO2 emission trading scheme for road transport (ETS-RT) is introduced to replace financial subsidies, forming a market-oriented incentive and punishment mechanism. Therefore, a market mechanism is established where internal combustion engine vehicles feed new energy vehicles. A causal loop diagram of system dynamics was used to analyze the key policy parameters of the ETS-RT that affect the development of new energy vehicles. Then a multi-agents-based model of ETS-RT is established to simulate the …
Review On Key Technologies Of Industrial Control System Security Simulation, Bailing Wang, Hongri Liu, Yaofang Zhang, Sicai Lü, Zibo Wang, Qimeng Wang
Review On Key Technologies Of Industrial Control System Security Simulation, Bailing Wang, Hongri Liu, Yaofang Zhang, Sicai Lü, Zibo Wang, Qimeng Wang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: In order to cope with the increasingly serious industrial internet security problems, simulation is viewed as a critical backboned technology for drilling of network attack and defense, tracking back and analyzing of security incidents, as well as validating of pre-research technology. On the basis of summarizing the studies of three types of typical industrial control system security simulation platform, the key technologies used in industrial control cyber range and industrial control honeynets are highlighted. Technologies are summarized, such as the virtualization technology of industrial control network and industrial control components, the construction technology of industrial control target field dominated …
A Quantitative Validation Of Multi-Modal Image Fusion And Segmentation For Object Detection And Tracking, Nicholas Lahaye, Michael J. Garay, Brian D. Bue, Hesham El-Askary, Erik Linstead
A Quantitative Validation Of Multi-Modal Image Fusion And Segmentation For Object Detection And Tracking, Nicholas Lahaye, Michael J. Garay, Brian D. Bue, Hesham El-Askary, Erik Linstead
Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research
In previous works, we have shown the efficacy of using Deep Belief Networks, paired with clustering, to identify distinct classes of objects within remotely sensed data via cluster analysis and qualitative analysis of the output data in comparison with reference data. In this paper, we quantitatively validate the methodology against datasets currently being generated and used within the remote sensing community, as well as show the capabilities and benefits of the data fusion methodologies used. The experiments run take the output of our unsupervised fusion and segmentation methodology and map them to various labeled datasets at different levels of global …
Development And Prospect Of Simulation Research In China, Xiaogang Qiu, Duan Hong, Xie Xu, Mengna Zhu
Development And Prospect Of Simulation Research In China, Xiaogang Qiu, Duan Hong, Xie Xu, Mengna Zhu
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: It is important to treat modeling and simulation (M&S) as a discipline to advance its development. In China, M&S has been researched and applied over 40 years, and is gradually becoming an independent discipline. Modeling and simulating the complex systems are the challenge, however, this also brings grand opportunity for M&S to widen and improve itself. Since 1980s, the M&S community in China has realized the broad applications of M&S, comprehended M&S from multiple perspectives, conducted extensive research on basic questions, and discussed the composition of the basic simulation theory. By summarizing these achievements, the future works that have …
Multiple Object Tracking And Kinematic Simulation For Short Track Speed Skating, Li Qi, Hanlin Mo, Xiangdong Wang, Li Hua
Multiple Object Tracking And Kinematic Simulation For Short Track Speed Skating, Li Qi, Hanlin Mo, Xiangdong Wang, Li Hua
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Aiming at the problem that it is difficult to obtain the motion data of each athlete in the short track speed skating competition, an algorithm flow of multiple object tracking and kinematic simulation is proposed. A local matching metric is proposed to deal with the partial occlusion in monocular video and improve the tracking stability and robustness. The motion simulation method based on homography mapping and derivative of fitted curve is realized to estimate kinematic parameters such as velocity and acceleration. The experiments on Skating Track Multiple ObjectTracking (STMOT) verified the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed methods.
Decomposition Furnace Outlet Temperature Prediction Based On Elasticnet And Lstm, Guangyu Yu, Xueping Dong, Xiangmin Wang, Gan Min
Decomposition Furnace Outlet Temperature Prediction Based On Elasticnet And Lstm, Guangyu Yu, Xueping Dong, Xiangmin Wang, Gan Min
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: The outlet temperature of the decomposition furnace is a key indicator in the cement production process. Aiming at the problem that traditional prediction methods only consider the influence of wind, coal, and materials, a temperature prediction model of ElasticNet combined with Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neural network is proposed. The ElasticNet-LSTM export temperature prediction model is constructed by using the ElasticNet method to estimate the parameters of different variables, fully considering the influencing factors and realizing the variable screening, and analyzing the influence of the number of hidden layers and nodes on the accuracy of the neural network. Simulation …
A Shared Memory Based Parallel Hierarchical Interest Matching Algorithm, Wenjie Tang, Junwei Cheng, Yiping Yao, Zhu Feng
A Shared Memory Based Parallel Hierarchical Interest Matching Algorithm, Wenjie Tang, Junwei Cheng, Yiping Yao, Zhu Feng
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Interest matching plays an important role in distributed simulation. However, because of huge number of simulation entities and frequent change of regions, interest matching consumes tremendous computation in large scale simulations. The ubiquity of multicore urges us to improve the performance of interest matching by parallelization. A shared memory based parallel hierarchical interest matching algorithm is propose to solve the problem. It maps subscribe regions into a full binary tree, and compares update regions with the tree in parallel. Due to the associative relationship between adjacent nodes, unnecessary comparisons can be eliminated. The experimental results demonstrate that the …
Time-Delay Estimation For Mimo Delay Systems With Unknown Structures, Xuguang Wang, Mengjie Feng, Su Jie, Jiale Quan
Time-Delay Estimation For Mimo Delay Systems With Unknown Structures, Xuguang Wang, Mengjie Feng, Su Jie, Jiale Quan
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: In the unknown-structure delay system modeling, time-delays lead to a mismatch between the system inputs and outputs on the timeline and cause low system modeling accuracy. A time-delay estimation method is proposed for the unknown-structure MIMO (Multiple-Input Multiple-Output) delay systems. A general mathematical description is given from the algebraic point of view, the delay correlation function is defined, and a quantitative constraint between system input-output and time-delay is constructed. A greedy time-delay search algorithm is introduced based on the delay correlation function. Simulation experiments and real data experiments show the availability of the proposed method.
Fault Detection Of Wind Turbine Bearing Based On Bo-Sdae Multi-Source Signal, Dinghui Wu, Zhichao Zhu, Xinhong Han
Fault Detection Of Wind Turbine Bearing Based On Bo-Sdae Multi-Source Signal, Dinghui Wu, Zhichao Zhu, Xinhong Han
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Due to the discrepancy within signals from sensors of wind turbines caused by environmental interference, the fault detection results of wind turbine bearing will be affected and the multi-source signal fault diagnosis method is proposed to improve the reliability of fault detection. The time-domain and frequency-domain features of bearing vibration signals, noise signals and temperature signals are used for feature extraction,and then the features are transmitted to the stacked denoising autoencoders, which are optimized the hidden layer node structure by the Bayesian optimization algorithm to achieve multi-source signal feature fusion. Softmax function is used for classification. Experiments show that …
Rapid Development Technology Of Virtual Maintenance Training Simulation Model For Aviation Equipment, Rongqiang Li, Aibing Wen, Bin Hua, Jiajun Li, Jiang Bing
Rapid Development Technology Of Virtual Maintenance Training Simulation Model For Aviation Equipment, Rongqiang Li, Aibing Wen, Bin Hua, Jiajun Li, Jiang Bing
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Taking the practical application of the aircraft virtual maintenance training as the demand, the basic development process and technical means of the aircraft virtual maintenance training simulation model are analyzed, which solves the technical bottleneck in the popularization and application of the large-scale engineering. Aiming at the crucial problems such as the low efficiency in the development of maintenance training simulation model and the difficulties in updating the model, a rapid development process to support the large-scale engineering applications is proposed. The principles and implementation ways of three key technologies supporting the rapid development of virtual maintenance training simulation …
Day-Ahead Dispatching Model Of Source-Load Coordination Based On Response Behavior To Real-Time Pricing, Liu Yun, Han Song, Qiuli Huang
Day-Ahead Dispatching Model Of Source-Load Coordination Based On Response Behavior To Real-Time Pricing, Liu Yun, Han Song, Qiuli Huang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: In order to give full play to the regulating role of electricity price on the market, considering the difference of consumers' response behavior to real-time pricing, consumers are divided into short-term consumers, mixed consumers and long-term consumers, and the real-time pricing models of three types of consumers are constructed based on the electricity price elasticity matrix. On this basis, a day-ahead dispatching model of source-load coordination based on consumer’s response behavior to real-time pricing is established. With the help of the MOST toolkits in MATPOWER and the Mosek solver, the arithmetic analysis is developed in a modified IEEE 57-buses …
Spatial Knowledge Representation Model Of Simulation Scenario Based On Ontology, Zhu Jie, Hongjun Zhang
Spatial Knowledge Representation Model Of Simulation Scenario Based On Ontology, Zhu Jie, Hongjun Zhang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Military simulation scenario has abundant spatial knowledge and is closely related to various models of combat simulation. In view of the lack of uniform specification for the description of simulation scenario knowledge, it is necessary to construct a spatial knowledge representation model in line with spatial thinking to effectively analyze the spatial entities and their interrelationships in simulation scenario. The ontology method is used to establish spatial knowledge domain ontology and form the formal description specification of spatial knowledge concept; the spatial knowledge structure is described hierarchically by using the method of concept knowledge tree, clarifying the semantic logic …
Performance Analysis Of Cognitive Cooperative Systems Based On Quadrature Spatial Modulation, Guo Hui, Xuejiao Guo, Ting Qiao, Liu Meng
Performance Analysis Of Cognitive Cooperative Systems Based On Quadrature Spatial Modulation, Guo Hui, Xuejiao Guo, Ting Qiao, Liu Meng
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: The cognitive cooperative communication system based on quadrature spatial modulation (QSM) is proposed to solve the problems of inter-channel interference and inter-antenna synchronization. The mean power allocation algorithm is used to analyze performance of the system. In addition, the relay nodes and the destination node decode their received signals with the maximum likelihood detection algorithm. The exact closed expressions of outage probability under random relay selection (RRS), suboptimal relay selection (SRS) and optimal relay selection (ORS) are derived respectively. The approximate outage probabilities in the high signal-to-noise ratio region are derived, and the diversity gains of three relay …
An Improved Differential Evolution Algorithm For Fractional Order System Identification, Yu Wei, Henghui Liang, Luo Ying
An Improved Differential Evolution Algorithm For Fractional Order System Identification, Yu Wei, Henghui Liang, Luo Ying
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: In order to build a high-precision fractional-order model, which needs to identify more parameters, an improved differential evolution algorithm is proposed for the identification of fractional-order systems. In the mutation strategy, the basis vector is randomly selected from the optimal individual population, and the scaling factor and cross-probability factor are adaptively adjusted according to the information of the successfully mutated individual during the search process to improve the exploration and mining capabilities of the algorithm. By solving the five test functions, the improved algorithm is proved to have strong solving ability. Taking the fractional-order model of permanent magnet synchronous …
Auxiliary Application Of Wearable Computing Equipment In Industrial Intelligent Operation And Maintenance, Shen Yi, Wu Gang, Zhou Rui
Auxiliary Application Of Wearable Computing Equipment In Industrial Intelligent Operation And Maintenance, Shen Yi, Wu Gang, Zhou Rui
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Virtual operation and intelligent operation and maintenance based on wearable integrated computing devices have become a trend of lean industrial production. The operation and maintenance efficiency of tobacco production equipment can be directly improved by using mixed reality, virtual simulation and other technologies, combined with virtual interactive assistance applications . Combining 5G, IoT and big data technologies, a system design of wearable smart devices is proposed based on smart glasses with multi-dimensional spatial information synchronization, computer vision and natural perceptual interaction, and a set of design scheme for auxiliary operation and maintenance of cigarette equipment is innovated. The intelligent …
Landscape-Based Mutational Sensitivity Cartography And Network Community Analysis Of The Sars-Cov-2 Spike Protein Structures: Quantifying Functional Effects Of The Circulating D614g Variant, Gennady M. Verkhivker, Steve Agajanian, Deniz Yasar Oztas, Grace Gupta
Landscape-Based Mutational Sensitivity Cartography And Network Community Analysis Of The Sars-Cov-2 Spike Protein Structures: Quantifying Functional Effects Of The Circulating D614g Variant, Gennady M. Verkhivker, Steve Agajanian, Deniz Yasar Oztas, Grace Gupta
Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research
We developed and applied a computational approach to simulate functional effects of the global circulating mutation D614G of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. All-atom molecular dynamics simulations are combined with deep mutational scanning and analysis of the residue interaction networks to investigate conformational landscapes and energetics of the SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins in different functional states of the D614G mutant. The results of conformational dynamics and analysis of collective motions demonstrated that the D614 site plays a key regulatory role in governing functional transitions between open and closed states. Using mutational scanning and sensitivity analysis of protein residues, we identified the stability …
Discussing Digital Twin From Of Modeling And Simulation, Zhang Lin, Lu Han
Discussing Digital Twin From Of Modeling And Simulation, Zhang Lin, Lu Han
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: The development and evolution of modeling and simulation technology, and its importance in scientific and technological progress are briefly reviewed. The intrinsic relation between digital twin and modeling and simulation is revealed by analyzing the background and concept of digital twin. The way to build and evaluate a digital twin based on modeling and simulation theoretical methods is discussed. to ensure the credibility.
Multi-View Human Action Recognition Based On Deep Neural Network, Zhao Ying, Lu Yao, Zhang Jian, Qidi Liang, Long Wei
Multi-View Human Action Recognition Based On Deep Neural Network, Zhao Ying, Lu Yao, Zhang Jian, Qidi Liang, Long Wei
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: A novel deep neural network named CNN+CA(Convolutional Neural Network plus Context Attention) model is constructed and a new recognition algorithm based on sequence matching is presented to improve the recognition accuracy of MVHAR (Multi-view Human Action Recognition). A CNN(Convolutional Neural Network) is designed to automatically learn multi-view fusion features; the CA (Context Attention) module is introduced to selectively focus on the parts of the features that are relevant for the recognition task; the proposed recognition algorithm based on sequence matching is used to realize MVHAR. The experimental results on the IXMAS dataset and the i3DPost dataset …
Design And Simulation For Compensatory Controller Of Aircraft Rudder Electro-Hydraulic Loading System, Xiaolin Liu, Jingyi Wu
Design And Simulation For Compensatory Controller Of Aircraft Rudder Electro-Hydraulic Loading System, Xiaolin Liu, Jingyi Wu
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: The electro-hydraulic loading system of aircraft rudder is a torque servo system which is a special equipment for testing the performance of rudder. In order to reduce the influence of surplus force in loading system, a control method for PID controller tuned in real time by radial basis function neural network based on particle swarm optimization is proposed. The characteristics of global and hyper parameter optimization of particle swarm optimization are used to improve the control effect of the controller. The learning coefficient based on annealing is used to accelerate the network convergence speed. Simulation results show that, compared …
An Artificial Emotion Model For The Mutual Mapping Between Discrete State And Dimensional Space, Zhihang Tian, Xiaming Chen, Dazhi Jiang
An Artificial Emotion Model For The Mutual Mapping Between Discrete State And Dimensional Space, Zhihang Tian, Xiaming Chen, Dazhi Jiang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Emotional intelligence is an important component and development direction of machine intelligence. The purpose of artificial emotion model is to construct emotion models for machines to develope systematic ability of emotion understanding and expression. However, the existing methods are still insufficient in artificial emotion modeling ability. Aiming at the key factor of personalization in the construction of artificial emotion model, this paper proposes a method of mutual mapping between discrete emotion state and dimension space state, and constructs a machine personalized artificial emotion model based on Big Five personality model and emotion state transfer model. The relevant experimental results …
System Reliability Modeling In Competitive Failure Considering Zoned Shock Effect, Qiguo Hu, Gao Zhan
System Reliability Modeling In Competitive Failure Considering Zoned Shock Effect, Qiguo Hu, Gao Zhan
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Shocks have certain effects on system reliability, and how to quantify the degree of shock loads becomes the key of system reliability analysis. The reliability modeling problem of system suffered from different shock strength is researched based on degradation process competing with sudden failure. Shock process is descripted by extreme shock and two types of degradation processes are descripted by Wiener process under the condition of shifting failure threshold. Aiming at different intensity shocks on the system, the different shock load suffered by zoned shock effect is partitioned, the distribution function of the two types of failure processes is …
Time-Varying Ocean Channel Modeling Method, Yuehua Pei, Su Wei, Jincheng Tao, Xialin Jiang
Time-Varying Ocean Channel Modeling Method, Yuehua Pei, Su Wei, Jincheng Tao, Xialin Jiang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: For the ocean channel with extremely complicated situation, an underwater acoustic channel modeling algorithm which can reflect the sparsity, time-varying and space-varying characteristics is proposed. Based on the prior information obtained from the sea trials in a specific sea area, the statistical characteristics of the channel impulses response structure with time and space are obtained. According to the obtained channel sparsities and non-zero position vectors’ statistics, a time-varying underwater acoustic channel model match the real environment is generated. Based on the measured data of marine communication in specific sea area, the simulation results show that the proposed …
Bilingual Harmony Micro-Simulation Model And Computational Experiment, Shouming Zhang, Zhiping Wang, Guihong Bi, Zhenghua Zeng
Bilingual Harmony Micro-Simulation Model And Computational Experiment, Shouming Zhang, Zhiping Wang, Guihong Bi, Zhenghua Zeng
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Under the background of urbanization, the weak connection of social networks has increased, which has challenged the protection of vulnerable languages. A new social network with remote weak connection is constructed based on the improved modeling method of agent social circle network; in addition to considering the influence of language status and the language population ratio on the language evolution mechanism of different populations, a new mechanism is introduced for the influence of bilinguals on the transition from monolingual to bilingual, and the influence of language attitudes and network connections on language choice behaviors; an improved agent language level …
Explicit Model Predictive Control For Intelligent Vehicle Lateral Trajectory Tracking, Leng Yao, Shuen Zhao
Explicit Model Predictive Control For Intelligent Vehicle Lateral Trajectory Tracking, Leng Yao, Shuen Zhao
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: To ensure the accuracy, driving stability and online real-time of intelligent vehicle tracking control, an explicit model predictive tracking control method is designed. The cost functions and constraints for tracking accuracy and driving stability in the prediction time domain are proposed. The tracking control problem is transformed into the optimization of the active steering angle with dynamic disturbances. To improve the real-time performance, the traditional model predictive control system is transformed into an equivalent explicit polyhedral piece-wise affine (PPWA) system, and the active steering angle of front wheel is gained by the explicit law on parameter partition. Carsim and …
Simulation And Experimental Verification Of Precision Grinding Of Micro-Groove Structure, Haoyang Cao
Simulation And Experimental Verification Of Precision Grinding Of Micro-Groove Structure, Haoyang Cao
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: In order to study the influence of micro-groove structure precision grinding, based on grinding wheel dressing and grinding kinematics, a grinding simulation model for the micro-groove structural surface is established. The influence of dressing, grinding parameters and pitch length on the profile of micro-groove structure was analyzed systematically, the grinding conditions for forming complete or interfering micro-groove profile are described, the profile and size of micro-groove are predicted, and the grinding test is carried out on carbon steel. The test results are consistent with the trend of the simulation model. The profile and size of the micro-groove …
Multi-Objective Optimization Of Multi-Task Parallel Motorcycle Suspension System Parameters, Xiansheng Ran, Yang Jing, Luo Ling, Chen Kai
Multi-Objective Optimization Of Multi-Task Parallel Motorcycle Suspension System Parameters, Xiansheng Ran, Yang Jing, Luo Ling, Chen Kai
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Aiming at the comprehensive problem of wobble of front suspension system and weave of rear suspension system of large displacement motorcycle at medium and high speed, a multi-objective optimization scheme based on sensitivity analysis and approximate modeling is proposed. The motorcycle model is established and the dynamics simulation is carried out. The lateral acceleration of front wheel's centroid position, the yaw rate and roll rate of whole vehicle's centroid position, which characterize the wobble and weave are the targets. The sensitivity analysis of suspension system parameters and the approximate modeling are carried out. Based on the analysis results, …
Research On Variable Swept Wing Mode Of Missile Based On Flutter Characteristics, Gao Yang, Yanbin Li, Wang Ying, Zhang Ze, Lü Rui
Research On Variable Swept Wing Mode Of Missile Based On Flutter Characteristics, Gao Yang, Yanbin Li, Wang Ying, Zhang Ze, Lü Rui
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: The variable sweep angle of missile wing is an important variant missile design scheme. In the process of variant design, the aerodynamic and flutter characteristics of missile will be significantly different by using different variable sweep methods. Referring to the shape characteristics of Tomahawk missile, the geometric model of variable sweep wing missile is established. The flutter characteristics of variable sweep wing missile under different variable sweep angle modes are calculated and analyzed by fluid structure coupling method, and the selection scheme of variable sweep wing mode based on flutter characteristics is explored. The results show that the …
The R Journal (June 2021) 13(1): Complete Issue, The R Foundation
The R Journal (June 2021) 13(1): Complete Issue, The R Foundation
The R Journal
Editorial, Dianne Cook
Contributed Research Articles
SEEDCCA: An Integrated R-Package for Canonical Correlation Analysis and Partial Least Squares, Bo-Young Kim, Yunju Im, and Jae Keun Yoo
npcure: An R Package for Nonparametric Inference in Mixture Cure Models, Ana López-Cheda, M. Amalia Jácome, and Ignacio López-de-Ullibarri
A Method for Deriving Information from Running R Code, Mark P. J. van der Loo
JMcmprsk: An R Package for Joint Modelling of Longitudinal and Survival Data with Competing Risks, Hong Wang, Ning Li, Shanpeng Li, and Gang Li
Wide-to-tall Data Reshaping Using Regular Expressions and the nc Package, Toby Dylan Hocking
Linear Regression with …
Analyzing Dependence Between Point Processes In Time Using Indtestpp, Ana C. Cebrián, Jesús Asín
Analyzing Dependence Between Point Processes In Time Using Indtestpp, Ana C. Cebrián, Jesús Asín
The R Journal
The need to analyze the dependence between two or more point processes in time appears in many modeling problems related to the occurrence of events, such as the occurrence of climate events at different spatial locations or synchrony detection in spike train analysis. The package IndTestPP provides a general framework for all the steps in this type of analysis, and one of its main features is the implementation of three families of tests to study independence given the intensities of the processes, which are not only useful to assess independence but also to identify factors causing dependence. The package also …