Plant Breeding and Genetics Commons^™

Application Of Short Tandem Target Mimic (Sttm) Technique For Functional Analysis Of Micro-Rna396 In Transgenic Poplar Trees, Surattana Boonsai

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

Short Tandem Target Mimic (STTM) is a commonly technique used for functional studies of a number of genes in several plant model systems. However, very little is known about application of STTM technique in tree species. In this study, STTM was applied to knock down microRNA396 (miR396) in transgenic poplar trees for the first time. STTM396 expression resulted in dramatic decrease in miR396 expression levels leading to taller plants with larger leaves and larger leaf cell size. Additionally, an expression analysis of growth regulating factor genes (GRFs) that are members of miR396 target gene family showed up-regulation of GRF07 gene …

Nodule Zone-Specific Gene Expression In Soybean, Sadikshya Aryal

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Nitrogen is one of the most limiting nutrients for plant growth and yield. Leguminous plants such as soybean (Glycine max) have developed the ability to form a symbiotic association with nitrogen fixing rhizobia. This symbiotic association results in the formation of unique structures called nodules that originate from root cortex via de novo cell differentiation. During soybean nodule development, two major nodule zones, the Nodule primordium (Npr) in the center and the nodule parenchyma (Npa) in the periphery, are clearly distinguishable. Npr gives rise to infection zone (IZ), and the Npa holds vascular bundles. However, it is not clear what …

Midwest Vegetable Trial Report For 2018, Elizabeth Maynard, Petrus Langenhoven, Wenjing Guan, Brad R. Bergefurd

Purdue Fruit and Vegetable Research Reports

This is a compilation of 15 research trial reports from four land-grant universities in the Midwestern United States. Crops include cantaloupe, pickling cucumber, pepper, potato, pumpkin, summer squash and zucchini, sweet corn, tomato, and watermelon. Somecrops were evaluated in high tunnels or hoophouses. Most trials evaluated different cultivars or varieties. One report addressed plant spacing for sweet corn and one addressed soil block for production of tomato seedlings. A list of vegetable seed sources and a list of other online sources of vegetable trial reports are also included.

Midwest Vegetable Trial Report For 2018, Elizabeth Maynard, Petrus Langenhoven, Wenjing Guan, Brad R. Bergefurd

Midwest Vegetable Trial Reports

This is a compilation of 15 research trial reports from four land-grant universities in the Midwestern United States. Crops include cantaloupe, pickling cucumber, pepper, potato, pumpkin, summer squash and zucchini, sweet corn, tomato, and watermelon. Somecrops were evaluated in high tunnels or hoophouses. Most trials evaluated different cultivars or varieties. One report addressed plant spacing for sweet corn and one addressed soil block for production of tomato seedlings. A list of vegetable seed sources and a list of other online sources of vegetable trial reports are also included.

Breeding For Tomato Resistance To Spider Mite Tetranychus Urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae), Ammar Sami Al-Bayati

Theses and Dissertations--Plant and Soil Sciences

Cultivated tomato plants are extremely susceptible to the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch. Selection for pest resistance is usually a crucial step required to achieve successful genetic resistance transfer from wild into cultivated tomato genotypes. S. habrochaites LA2329, a wild relative of tomato, is highly resistant to arthropods. Its resistance has been attributed to the presence of a high density of type IV and type VI trichomes and abundant production of 7-epi-zingiberene, a sesquiterpene hydrocarbon. The interspecific backcross hybrids used in this research were derived from the cross between the wild relative tomato, S. habrochaites LA2329, and the cultivated …

Field Evaluation Of Tobacco Engineered For High Leaf-Oil Accumulation, James Perry

Theses and Dissertations--Plant and Soil Sciences

The biofuel market is dominated by ethanol and biodiesel derived from cellulosic and lipid-based biomass crops. This is largely due to the relatively low costs and reliability of production. At present, production of non-food plant-derived oils for biofuel production in the U.S. is minimal. A research team from the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), an independent Australian federal government research institution, has developed an efficient transgenic system to engineer oil production in tobacco leaves. This novel system is comprised of multiple transgenes that direct the endogenous metabolic flux of oil precursors towards triacylglycerol (TAG) production. Additional genes were …

Impact Of A Warmed Environment, Spike Morphology And Genotype On Fhb Levels In A Soft Red Winter Wheat Mapping Population, Elisane Weber Tessmann

Theses and Dissertations--Plant and Soil Sciences

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a serious disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum) and other small grains; disease severity is affected by temperature and rainfall. This research comprised three studies: an artificially warmed experiment during 2016-2017, a morphology study and an FHB resistance screening study in 2015-2016, using approximately 250 wheat cultivars and breeding lines from programs in the eastern US. The location was the University of Kentucky Spindletop Research Farm in Lexington, KY. Higher levels of Fusarium damaged kernels and the toxin deoxynivalenol (DON) were observed in the warmed treatment compared to the control, and plant development was …

Diversity Of Nitrogen-Fixing Symbionts Of Chamaecrista Fasciculata (Partridge Pea) Across Variable Soils, Hanna E. Dorman, Lisa E. Wallace

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

We evaluated whether geographic distance and soil characteristics influence genetic structure of nitrogen-fixing bacterial symbionts associated with the host plant Chamaecrista fasciculata (Partridge Pea). We tested phylogeographic clustering and associations between genetic distance, geographic distance, and soil variables using sequences of 2 bacterial genes and soil chemistry across 23 sites in Mississippi. We identified rhizobia isolated from Partridge Pea as Bradyrhizobium. We detected significant genetic structure at a regional level, and determined that rhizobia within each region were more phylogenetically related than expected. Significant correlation between genetic distance and distances based on soil chemistry suggests environmental influences on rhizobia …

Genetic Regulation Of The Elicitation Of Glyceollin Biosynthesis In Soybean, Md. Asraful Jahan

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Glyceollin phytoalexins are the pathogen-elicited defense metabolites that belong to the isoflavonoid family of molecules of soybean (Glycine max L. Merr). Phytophthora root and stem rot of soybean caused by Phytophthora sojae is a destructive disease throughout the soybean-growing regions worldwide causing devastating economic damages (globally $1-2 billion and over $250 million in the USA) every year. Engineering soybean plants that produce higher levels of glyceollins could confer resistance against this pathogen. Glyceollins also show anticancer and neuroprotective activities in mammals, therefore they are important for agriculture and medical research. Firstly, we were interested in understanding how biotic and …

Respons Tanaman Jagung (Zea Mays L.) Hibrida Terhadap Aplikasi Paraquat Pada Lahan Tanpa Olah Tanah (Tot), Agus Wahyudin, Dedi Widayat, Fiky Yulianto Wicaksono, Aep Wawan Irwan, Abdulah Hafiz

Jurnal Kultivasi

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman jagung akibat persiapan lahan dengan menggunakan herbisida paraquat pada lahan tanpa olah tanah (TOT), serta memperoleh dosis yang tepat yang dapat digunakan dalam budidaya jagung untuk menggantikan olah tanah sempurna (OTS). Percobaan dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Ciparanje Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjajaran, Jatinangor, Kabupaten Sumedang, Jawa Barat dengan ketinggian tempat ± 750 meter diatas permukaan laut dan ordo tanah Inceptisol serta tipe curah hujan C3 menurut Oldeman (1975). Percobaan dilaksanakan dari bulan Mei 2017 hingga Agustus 2017. Metode percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok terdiri dari 6 perlakuan dan diulang sebanyak …

Seleksi Karakter Kandungan Amilosa Sedang Pada Populasi Hasil Persilangan Sintanur X Ptb33 Dan Pandanwangi X Ptb33 Berdasarkan Marka Fenotipik Dan Molekuler Ssr, Whitea Yasmine Slamet, Anita R. S. Wardani, Santika Sari, Nono Carsono

Jurnal Kultivasi

Padi dengan kandungan amilosa sedang sangat diminati oleh masyarakat Asia dan Dunia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh individu keturunan F7 (yang berasal dari hasil persilangan Sintanur x PTB33 dan Pandanwangi x PTB33) dengan kandungan amilosa sedang. Alat yang digunakan untuk analisis kandungan amilosa yaitu spektrofotometer dengan panjang gelombang 625 nm, sedangkan marka molekuler menggunakan marka Wx. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa SP73-3-1-7 memiliki jumlah tanaman paling banyak yang mengandung amilosa yang sedang (20-24%) berdasarkan marka molekuler dan fenotipik. Kombinasi kedua pengujian ini akurat dalam menyeleksi karakter fisikokimia padi. Abstract. Medium amylose rice is a special type of …

Influence Of Loss Of Function Of The Fatty Acid Desaturase 7 Gene On Photosynthetic Activity And Foliar Redox Status, Janithri Savindya Wickramanayake

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Fatty Acid Desaturase7 (FAD7) is a chloroplast-localized enzyme that converts 16 and 18 carbon dienoic fatty acids to trienoic fatty acids. The suppressor of prosystemin-mediated response2 (spr2) mutant in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and the fad7-1 mutant in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) result in the loss of function of FAD7, which alter the fatty acid profiles of chloroplast membranes and enhance resistance against aphids. This research contributes toward the long-term goal of identifying factors that determine aphid resistance in FAD7 mutants. Previous data suggested constitutive differences between spr2 and WT including increased expression of genes associated with photosynthesis and differences in redox …

Generation And Evaluation Of Modified Opaque-2 (O2) Popcorn Suggests A Route To Quality Protein Popcorn (Qpp), Ying Ren

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

I have been working on a Quality Protein Popcorn breeding project where QPM conversion is carried out simultaneously for several elite popcorn germplasms. During my study in the graduate program, I led the following aspects of the Quality Protein Popcorn Breeding Project:

1. Identified suitable QPMs as opaque-2 allele donors.

2.Examined the feasibility of quick introgression of the opaque-2 allele into popcorn lines via marker-assisted selection.

3. Monitored modification by SDS-PAGE zein profiling and light box phenotypic selection to make sure multiple modifier loci for opaque-2 were incorporated each time generation advancement was carried out.

4. Carried out high throughput …

Linkage Mapping For Soybean (Glycine Max) Flood Tolerance, Wade Stiles Hummer

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Flood tolerance in soybean (Glycine max) is not a well-characterized trait, yet flooding damage is second only to drought stress in terms of yield reduction. The objectives of this study were to determine genetic variation for flooding tolerance in two populations of soybean recombinant inbred lines (RILs) and to identify and confirm flood tolerant QTL. Population A (WHA) consisted of 111 RILs derived from the cross 5002T by 91210-350 and Population B (WHB) consisted of 79 RILs from the cross RA-452 by Osage. Experiments were conducted at the Rice Research and Extension Center (RREC) near Stuttgart, AR in 2015 and …

Hybridisation-Based Target Enrichment Of Phenology Genes To Dissect The Genetic Basis Of Yield And Adaptation In Barley, Camilla Beate Hill, Tefera Angessa, Lee-Anne Mcfawn, Debbie Wong, Josquin Tibbits, Xiao-Qi Zhang, Kerrie Forrest, David Moody, Paul Telfer, Sharon Westcott, Dean A. Diepeveen, Yanhao Xu, Cong Tan, Matthew Hayden, Chengdao Li

Grain and Other Field Crops Research Articles

Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is a major cereal grain widely used for livestock feed, brewing malts and human food. Grain yield is the most important breeding target for genetic improvement and largely depends on optimal timing of flowering. Little is known about the allelic diversity of genes that underlie flowering time in domesticated barley, the genetic changes that have occurred during breeding, and their impact on yield and adaptation. Here, we report a comprehensive genomic assessment of a worldwide collection of 895 barley accessions based on the targeted resequencing of phenology genes. A versatile target-capture method was used to …

Genome Wide Association Studies For Identification Of Markers Linked To Sucrose Traits In Sugarcane, Nathanael Darrell Fickett

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Sugarcane, being a complex aneu-polyploid, poses unique challenges to fine mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling agronomic traits of interest. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) could be a better alternative to identify molecular markers associated with specific traits due to high linkage disequilibrium in sugarcane. In the first study, marker-trait associations (MTAs) were evaluated for three sucrose traits, Brix, total recoverable sugar (TRS), and percent sucrose on 48 elite and historic Louisiana breeding clones using 1,062 alleles. These sucrose traits were highly correlated (P-value < 0.0001) at >0.96. TASSEL 5.1 and JMP Genomics 8.0 were compared with eight models run in each program. …

Nam Gene Allelic Composition And Its Relation To Grain-Filling Duration And Nitrogen Utilisation Efficiency Of Australian Wheat, Zaid Alhabbar, Rongchang Yang, Angela Juhasz, Xin Hu, Maoyun She, Masood Anwar, Nigarin Sultana, Dean Diepeveen, Wujun Ma, Shahidul Islam

Grain and Other Field Crops Research Articles

Optimising nitrogen fertiliser management in combination with using high nitrogen efficient wheat cultivars is the most effective strategy to maximise productivity in a cost-efficient manner. The present study was designed to investigate the associations between nitrogen utilisation efficiency (NUtE) and the allelic composition of the NAM genes in Australian wheat cultivars. As results, the non-functional NAM-B1 allele was more responsive to the nitrogen levels and increased NUtE significantly, leading to a higher grain yield but reduced grain protein content. Nitrogen application at different developmental stages (mid-tillering, booting, and flowering) did not show significant differences in grain yield and protein content. …

Color Space Standardization And Image Analysis For High-Throughput Phenotyping Of Sorghum Bicolor, Alexandria A. Pokorny

Annual Symposium on Biomathematics and Ecology Education and Research

No abstract provided.

2019 Barley Variety Sowing Guide For Western Australia, Blakely Paynter, Georgia Trainor, Jeremy Curry

Bulletins 4000 -

This bulletin is designed as a reference to help determine which barley variety to grow in your region. It provides market feedback, relative grain yield and grain quality comparisons, disease ratings, agronomic information and herbicide tolerance ratings for all malt barley varieties segregated in Western Australia (WA), those in Stage 2 of malt accreditation with Barley Australia and selected feed varieties (Tables 1 to 11; Figures 1 to 16).

The decision whether to grow barley with a malt or feed classification depends on five main factors:

(1) Premium paid for different varieties when segregated.

(2) Relative grain yield of malt …

Identification Of Quantitative Trait Loci (Qtl) For Tolerance To Metribuzin In Soft Red Winter Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.), Hugo Alfonso Anzueto Ponciano

LSU Master's Theses

Wheat is one of the world’s most important food crops and provides nearly 20% of the calories consumed. Wheat is the third most important crop after corn and rice on a global production scale. In Louisiana wheat harvest was about 6000 hectares in 2017. Wheat production is negatively affected by several biotic and abiotic factors including weather, diseases, and weeds. Metribuzin is a broad-spectrum herbicide commonly used in wheat because it is inexpensive and controls most of the common weeds in wheat fields. Metribuzin has benefits for the grower controlling weeds that might cause yield loss in varieties or lines …

Pengaruh Dosis Pupuk Hayati Dan Pupuk N, P, K, Terhadap Komponen Hasil Dan Hasil Jagung ( Zea Mays L.) Di Dataran Medium Jatinangor, Agus Wahyudin, Fiky Yulianto Wicaksono, Irfan Maolana

Jurnal Kultivasi

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh interaksi dan kombinasi yang terbaik antara pemberian dosis pupuk hayati dan dosis pupuk N, P, K terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman jagung hibrida P-12. Percobaan dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjadjaran Jatinangor, dengan ketinggian 760 meter di atas permukaan laut, jenis tanah inseptisol dan tipe iklim C3 menurut Oldeman. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) pola faktorial dengan dua faktor perlakuan. Faktor pertama adalah dosis pupuk N, P, K yang terdiri dari tiga taraf yaitu k1 = 100% pupuk N, P, K, k2 = 75% pupuk N, P, K …

Yardwork: A Biography Of An Urban Place By Daniel Coleman, Vivian M. Hansen

The Goose

Review of Daniel Coleman's Yardwork: A Biography of an Urban Place.

Genetic Diversity In An Invasive Clonal Plant? A Historical And Contemporary Perspective, Elliot D. Weidow

LSU New Orleans Theses and Dissertations

Introduced populations of Eichhornia crassipes (Pontederiaceae) possess extremely low levels of genetic diversity due to severe bottleneck events and clonal reproduction. While populations elsewhere have been well studied, North American populations of E. crassipes remain understudied. We used Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism markers to assess genetic diversity and population structure in North American E. crassipes populations. Patterns of diversity over the past fifty years were analyzed using herbarium specimens. Furthermore, we sampled populations across the Gulf Coast of the United States throughout a year to determine contemporary genetic diversity and assess potential seasonal effects. Genetic diversity was found to be …

Expression Of Carbohydrates Biosynthetic Genes In Developing Soybean Seeds, Jayden Rosen, Karen A. Hudson

The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium

An essential part of livestock diets is soybean meal, which is a major source of protein, but which also consists of antinutritional carbohydrates. Antinutritional carbohydrates such as raffinose and stachyose lead to irritation to the gut for monogastric livestock as well as unhealthy weight gain. A major objective of soybean genetics is to reduce these antinutritional carbohydrates within the seed and increase the levels of good carbohydrates. This will lead to healthier livestock and better meat quality. To select genes potentially responsible for variation in carbohydrate levels in seeds, the expression of genes encoding several biosynthetic enzymes was measured during …

Identification And Characterization Of Salinity Tolerance Genes By Activation Tagging In Arabidopsis, Jawaher Alkahtani

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Salinity often affects irrigated areas in arid and semi-arid regions of the world. The existence and accumulation of soluble salts in the soil layers limit the growth of crops essential for our food. Salt stress dramatically affects plant growth, plant development, as well as crop yield. Arabidopsis thaliana is the plant model that provides a comprehensive knowledge of plant development, genetics and physiology, and response to abiotic stresses such as salinity. The redundancy of genes due to duplication, even in the simple model genome of Arabidopsis, limits the value of knockout (KO) mutagenesis to provide complete information on gene function. …

Association Mapping And Genomic Selection For Yield And Agronomic Traits In Soft Winter Wheat, Dennis Bulusan Lozada

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Tools such as genome-wide association study (GWAS) and genomic selection (GS) have expedited the development of crops with improved genetic potential. While GWAS aims to identify significant markers associated with a trait of interest, the goal of GS is to utilize all marker effects to predict the performance of new breeding lines prior to testing. A GWAS for grain yield (GY), yield components, and agronomic traits was conducted using a diverse panel of 239 soft winter wheat (SWW) lines evaluated in eight site-years in Arkansas and Oklahoma. Broad sense heritability of GY (H2=0.48) was moderate compared to other traits including …

Dissection Of Soil Waterlogging Tolerance In Soft Red Winter Wheat Using Genomic Approaches, Marlovi Andrea Acuna-Galindo

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Genomic methods including genome wide association analysis (GWAS), genomic selection (GS) and RNA-seq allow for faster selection of superior breeding lines and for identification and resolution of candidate genes. A panel of 240 soft red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars and breeding lines were subjected to soil waterlogging stress over two seasons at Stuttgart, AR and St. Joseph, LA, US. Total concentrations of P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Fe, Al, B, Cu, Na, S and Zn were determined in wheat shoots post-waterlogging using inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy. Yield components kernel number per spike (KNPS), kernel weight per spike (KWS) …

Effect Of Allelic Variation In Rht Loci On Plant Height And Grain Yield Of Soft Red Winter Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.), Habib Hayat

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Plant height in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is controlled in large part by two major Rht genes, Rht-B1 and Rht-D1, which pleiotropically impact lodging and grain yield. Prior to the Green Revolution, wheat varieties contained only ‘wild-type’ Rht alleles (Rht-B1a and Rht-D1a) and were tall and prone to lodging. Introgression of a semi-dominant mutation at either of these two loci (Rht-B1b or Rht-D1b) results in a semi-dwarf phenotype and reduced plant height. When combined (Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b) an extremely short double-dwarf phenotype is observed. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of allelic variation in Rht-B1 and …

Salt Stress Induces Non-Cg Methylation In Coding Regions Of Barley Seedlings (Hordeum Vulgare), Moumouni Konate, Michael J. Wilkinson, Benjamin T. Mayne, Stephen M. Pederson, Eileen S. Scott, Bettina Berger, Carlos M. Rodriguez Lopez

Horticulture Faculty Publications

Salinity can negatively impact crop growth and yield. Changes in DNA methylation are known to occur when plants are challenged by stress and have been associated with the regulation of stress-response genes. However, the role of DNA-methylation in moderating gene expression in response to salt stress has been relatively poorly studied among crops such as barley. Here, we assessed the extent of salt-induced alterations of DNA methylation in barley and their putative role in perturbed gene expression. Using Next Generation Sequencing, we screened the leaf and root methylomes of five divergent barley varieties grown under control and three salt concentrations, …

A Shared Cis-Regulatory Module Activates Transcription In The Suspensor Of Plant Embryos, Kelli F. Henry, Anhthu Q. Bui, Tomokazu Kawashima, Robert B. Goldberg

Plant and Soil Sciences Faculty Publications

The mechanisms controlling the transcription of gene sets in specific regions of a plant embryo shortly after fertilization remain unknown. Previously, we showed that G564 mRNA, encoding a protein of unknown function, accumulates to high levels in the giant suspensor of both Scarlet Runner Bean (SRB) and Common Bean embryos, and a cis-regulatory module containing three unique DNA sequences, designated as the 10-bp, Region 2, and Fifth motifs, is required for G564 suspensor-specific transcription [Henry KF, et al. (2015) Plant Mol Biol 88:207–217; Kawashima T, et al. (2009) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 106:3627–3632]. We tested the hypothesis that …