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- American beech -- Ecology (1)
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Articles 1 - 10 of 10
Full-Text Articles in Plant Breeding and Genetics
Spatial Structure And Inbreeding Depression In Slickspot Peppergrass, Lepidium Papilliferum (Brassicaceae), Stephanie A. Billinge, Ian C. Robertson
Spatial Structure And Inbreeding Depression In Slickspot Peppergrass, Lepidium Papilliferum (Brassicaceae), Stephanie A. Billinge, Ian C. Robertson
Biology Faculty Publications and Presentations
In plants with limited pollen and seed dispersal, populations are often spatially structured such that neighboring individuals are more closely related to one another than to distant individuals. Mating among close relatives, including selfing, may lead to a reduction in reproductive performance through the effects of prezygotic mating barriers and inbreeding depression. Studying 11 populations of slickspot peppergrass, Lepidium papilliferum (L.F. Hend.) A. Nels. and J.F. Macbr (Brassicaceae), a rare mustard endemic to southwestern Idaho, we investigated whether small populations (16–746 flowering individuals) exhibit spatial structure as previously reported for large populations (>3000 flowering individuals). Through hand-pollination experiments we …
Sporophytic Inbreeding Depression In Mosses Occurs In A Species With Separate Sexes But Not In A Species With Combined Sexes, Philip J. Taylor, Sarah M. Eppley, Linley K. Jesson
Sporophytic Inbreeding Depression In Mosses Occurs In A Species With Separate Sexes But Not In A Species With Combined Sexes, Philip J. Taylor, Sarah M. Eppley, Linley K. Jesson
Biology Faculty Publications and Presentations
Inbreeding depression is a critical factor countering the evolution of inbreeding and thus potentially shaping the evolution of plant sexual systems. Current theory predicts that inbreeding depression could have important evolutionary consequences, even in haploid-dominant organisms. To date, no data have been reported on inbreeding depression in moss species. Here, we present data on the magnitude of inbreeding depression in sporophytic traits of moss species with contrasting breeding systems. In eratodon purpureus (Ditrichaceae), a moss species with separate sexes, self-fertilizations between sibling gametophytes (intergametophytic selfing) significantly reduced fitness in two of four traits quantified, with seta length and capsule length …
Contributions Of Heterosis And Epistasis To Hybrid Fitness, Mitchell B. Cruzan
Contributions Of Heterosis And Epistasis To Hybrid Fitness, Mitchell B. Cruzan
Biology Faculty Publications and Presentations
Early-generation hybrid fitness is difficult to interpret because heterosis can obscure the effects of hybrid breakdown. We used controlled reciprocal crosses and common garden experiments to distinguish between effects of heterosis and nuclear and cytonuclear epistasis among morphotypes and advanced-generation hybrid derivative populations in the Piriqueta caroliniana (Turneraceae) plant complex. Seed germination, growth, and sexual reproduction of first-generation hybrids, inbred parental lines, and outbred parental lines were compared under field conditions. Average vegetative performance was greater for hybrids than for inbred lines, and firstseason growth was similar for hybrids and outbred parental lines. Hybrid survival surpassed that of inbred lines …
Distance Between Pollen Donor And Recipient Influences Fruiting Success In Slickspot Peppergrass, Lepidium Papilliferum, Ian C. Robertson, Amy C. Ulappa
Distance Between Pollen Donor And Recipient Influences Fruiting Success In Slickspot Peppergrass, Lepidium Papilliferum, Ian C. Robertson, Amy C. Ulappa
Biology Faculty Publications and Presentations
Plant populations are often spatially structured owing to limited dispersal of pollen and seed. Mating between neighboring individuals in such populations often leads to reduced reproductive performance relative to matings between distant individuals. This response, which may be a result of inbreeding depression or prezygotic mating barriers, was investigated for slickspot peppergrass, Lepidium papilliferum L. (Brassicaceae), a rare insect-pollinated mustard endemic to sagebrush–steppe habitat in southwestern Idaho. Through hand pollination experiments we found that individual plants receiving pollen from distant sources (75–100 m and 6.5–20 km away) had significantly higher percent fruit sets than those relying on pollen from neighboring …
Patterns Of Fitness And Fluctuating Asymmetry Across A Broad Hybrid Zone, Mitchell B. Cruzan
Patterns Of Fitness And Fluctuating Asymmetry Across A Broad Hybrid Zone, Mitchell B. Cruzan
Biology Faculty Publications and Presentations
We estimated levels of developmental instability in leaves, as indicated by fluctuating asymmetry (i.e., random deviations from perfect bilateral symmetry), across a broad hybrid zone between two taxa in the Piriqueta caroliniana complex. Previous studies have indicated that this hybrid zone was initiated in southern Florida and has expanded northward. We found that plants from the hybrid zone generally had higher levels of leaf developmental instability than plants from allopatric regions, but the increase in asymmetry was not substantial. Although it is usually assumed that developmental instability is associated with lower fitness, these Piriqueta hybrids from central Florida are similar …
Comparative Studies Of Evolutionary Responses To Light Environments In Arabidopsis, Massimo Pigliucci, Heidi Pollard, Mitchell B. Cruzan
Comparative Studies Of Evolutionary Responses To Light Environments In Arabidopsis, Massimo Pigliucci, Heidi Pollard, Mitchell B. Cruzan
Biology Faculty Publications and Presentations
In this article, we compare the reaction norms to foliage shade (changes in light quality, spatially fine-grained environmental variation) and photoperiod (day length, spatially coarse-grained environmental variation) in several haplotypes of Arabidopsis thaliana from Scandinavia. We found that both across-environment means and phenotypic plasticities evolved continuously and very rapidly within this group. Both character means and trait plasticities were highly integrated, in part as predicted by the adaptive plasticity hypothesis for response to foliage shade (the so-called shade-avoidance syndrome). We found that a significant but small fraction of the variance in across-treatment trait means and plasticities in response to one …
Investigating The Relationship Between Cryptococcus Fagisuga And Fagus Grandifolia In Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Ashley B. Morris, Randall L. Small, Mitchell B. Cruzan
Investigating The Relationship Between Cryptococcus Fagisuga And Fagus Grandifolia In Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Ashley B. Morris, Randall L. Small, Mitchell B. Cruzan
Biology Faculty Publications and Presentations
Focuses on a study which investigated the relationship between Cryptococcus fagisuga and Fagus grandifolia in Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Potential for genetic resistance; Methods; Results and discussion.
Intrapopulation Sex Ratio Variation In The Salt Grass Distichlis Spicata, Sarah M. Eppley, Maureen L. Stanton, Richard K. Grosberg
Intrapopulation Sex Ratio Variation In The Salt Grass Distichlis Spicata, Sarah M. Eppley, Maureen L. Stanton, Richard K. Grosberg
Biology Faculty Publications and Presentations
In many dioecious plant populations, males and females appear to be spatially segregated, a pattern that is difficult to explain given its potentially high costs. However, in asexually propagating species, spatial segregation of the sexes may be indistinguishable from superficially similar patterns generated by random establishment of a few genets followed by extensive clonal spread and by gender-specific differences in rates of clonal spread. In populations where a significant fraction of individuals are not flowering and gender cannot be assigned to this fraction, apparent spatial segregation of the sexes may be due to differential flowering between the sexes. We confirm …
Genetic Markers In Plant Evolutionary Ecology, Mitchell B. Cruzan
Genetic Markers In Plant Evolutionary Ecology, Mitchell B. Cruzan
Biology Faculty Publications and Presentations
Genetic markers have provided plant ecologists with a method of assessing levels of genetic relatedness among individuals and populations. In recent years a number of techniques based on DNA sequence variation have been developed to complement allozyme methods that are already widely used. Some of these new markers are more variable than protein-based markers, allowing more precise estimates of genetic differences among individuals and populations. Other DNA-based markers are based on organelle genomes that are inherited uniparentally. These cytoplasmic markers can provide a method for assessing the separate effects of seed and pollen dispersal on gene flow within and among …
Postpollination Mechanisms Influencing Mating Patterns And Fecundity: An Example From Eichhornia Paniculata, Mitchell B. Cruzan
Postpollination Mechanisms Influencing Mating Patterns And Fecundity: An Example From Eichhornia Paniculata, Mitchell B. Cruzan
Biology Faculty Publications and Presentations
Plant mating systems are influenced by the amount and genetic composition of pollen grains deposited on stigmas and by the ability of recipients to discriminate among pollen from different sources. We describe an experimental procedure that uses limiting and excess pollinations with mixtures of genetically marked pollen to partition the siring success of donors into three components: prefertilization gamete attrition (failure of male gametophytes before fertilization), pollen competitive ability (differences in pollen tube growth rate), and postfertilization gamete attrition (embryo abortion). Regression models for the relationships of pollen load size with each pollen's siring success and total recipient fecundity indicate …