Physiology Commons^™

Wellness Review 2021, Part 2, Brian A. Ferguson, Martin Huecker

Journal of Wellness

Introduction: This article presents Part 2 of the biannual JWellness Review of literature from 2021 (July – December). We emphasize new science and resilience initiatives published outside of JWellness that seek understanding of burnout and thriving among healthcare professionals (HCPs).

Methods: For the interval of July 1 to December 30, 2021, PubMed was queried for empirical and observational research studies, review articles, guideline summaries, letters, and editorials. Of 93 results, we reviewed methods and salient points to arrive at a final list of 48 articles for inclusion.

Literature in Review: Common themes that emerged included teamwork, EMR optimization, group decompression, …

Tri-Set Training System Induces A High Muscle Swelling With Short Time Commitment In Resistance-Trained Subjects: A Cross-Over Study, Julio Benvenutti Bueno De Camargo, Rafael Sakai Zaroni, Antônio Carlos Tavares Júnior, Thiago Pires De Oliveira, Thiago Barbosa Trindade, Charles Ricardo Lopes, Felipe Brigatto

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 15(3): 561-569, 2022. The purpose of the present study was to assess performance and morphological acute responses to the tri-set (TRI) resistance-training system. In a random order, 18 subjects (years: 30.0 ± 5.6; weight: 81.8 ± 13.4 kg; height: 173 ± 6.2 cm; RT experience: 4.6 ± 1.7 years) performed 3 exercises targeting the pectoralis major muscle in two different experimental conditions: traditional system (TRAD) and TRI. The TRAD protocol referred to the completion of a single exercise set followed by a rest period. For the TRI protocol, one set of each exercise was performed …

Comparison Of Training Load Between Ncaa Diii Tennis Resistance Training, Practices, And Competitions, Lauren Pascadlo

Student Scholar Showcase

Background: There are 7553 NCAA Division III tennis players, who play with less training coordination than elite players. Division III tennis load research is highly underdeveloped with most tennis research focusing on elite players. Additionally, practice training loads must be similar to match training loads so athletes are physically and mentally prepared for competition.

Purpose: To describe the training load in Division III tennis players during strength and conditioning, practices, and competition.

Methods: 7 Male and female division II tennis players attended 2 regularly scheduled practice, competition, and resistance training sessions. Training load was measured as external (GPS data consisting …

Carbonyl Iron Vs Ferrous Sulfate On Blood Iron Markers In Male Division Iii Cross-Country Athletes, Sam Gunter

Student Scholar Showcase

Competitive distance runners are often predisposed to developing iron deficiency. This study aimed to determine if carbonyl iron was more effective at maintaining blood iron markers and minimizing overall fatigue and GI stress than ferrous sulfate. In this randomized, independent groups study, 7 male, division III cross-country athletes were supplemented with either carbonyl iron or ferrous sulfate for 6 weeks. Blood hemoglobin, hematocrit, subjective GI distress, subjective fatigue, and relative exertion of recent training were assessed at baseline, 3 and 6 weeks. Results will be analyzed via a detailed analysis of variance to determine significant differences in outcome measures. Statistical …

Neural Substrates Of Homing Pigeon Spatial Navigation: Results From Electrophysiology Studies, Gerald E. Hough

College of Science & Mathematics Departmental Research

Over many centuries, the homing pigeon has been selectively bred for returning home from a distant location. As a result of this strong selective pressure, homing pigeons have developed an excellent spatial navigation system. This system passes through the hippocampal formation (HF), which shares many striking similarities to the mammalian hippocampus; there are a host of shared neuropeptides, interconnections, and its role in the storage and manipulation of spatial maps. There are some notable differences as well: there are unique connectivity patterns and spatial encoding strategies. This review summarizes the comparisons between the avian and mammalian hippocampal systems, and the …

Brown Adipose Tissue (Bat) Activation And Its Potential Utilization As A Treatment Option For Obesity And Diabetes, Darcie B. Schneider

Student Publications

Within the human body, there are two types of adipose tissue: white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT). WAT is beneficial for insulation whereas BAT has thermogenic capacity. BAT activation increases energy consumption via heat generation. Increased energy expenditure is associated with improved glucose and lipid metabolism. Therefore, BAT activation research has primarily been aimed at its potential use in the treatment of obesity, diabetes, and other metabolic disorders. In this literature review, BAT's thermogenic mechanisms, techniques of activation, potential therapeutic targets, and future research topics are explored.

A Rapid Species-Specific Diagnostic Assay For Xylaria Necrophora, The Pathogen Behind Taproot Decline Of Soybean In The Southern United States, Sophie Baron Sheffield

Honors Theses

No abstract provided.

Impact Of A Family History Of Hypertension And Physical Activity On Left Ventricular Mass, Evan L. Matthews, Kerry N. Callaghan, Peter A. Hosick, Michael S. Brian

Research Data

A positive family history of hypertension (FHH) (+FHH) is associated with elevated left ventricular mass (LVM). Regular physical activity (PA) may eliminate differences in LVM between +FHH and negative family history of hypertension (-FHH) adults. PURPOSE: To determine if a +FHH is associated with a greater LVM compared to a -FHH group within a sample of young, mostly active healthy adults with and without statistically controlling for PA. METHODS: Healthy young (18-32yrs) participants self-reported FHH status and habitual moderate and vigorous PA frequency. Participants then underwent an echocardiogram. RESULTS: Of the 61 participants, 32 (M=11, W=21; non-active=8) reported -FHH and …

Brown Fat In Humans: The Significance Of Thermogenic Active Tissue, Brett T. Swanson

Student Publications

Brown adipose tissue is a metabolically active form of fat in the body that performs a crucial function in non-shivering thermogenesis. It can be compared to the prevalent white adipose tissue which is generally understood to be energy storage in the body, with brown tissue performing an opposing role. The tissue itself contains unique gene and protein markers such as uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) which allows for the thermogenic process inside the cell, burning lipids to do so. These gene and protein markers have proven to be crucial in the detection of brown adipose tissue, which had previously been thought …

Investigation Of Oncogenic Ras And Endoplasmic Reticulum-Mitochondria Calcium Flux And Their Relationship In The Context Of Tumorigenesis, Emma Anderson

Senior Honors Theses

Intracellular calcium as a signaling molecule is a pervasive feature of cellular pathways, especially those that manage internal homeostasis and transitions through the cell cycle, so much so that regulated, responsive calcium flux between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the mitochondria has been suggested to play a major role in cancer development. Another factor commonly implicated in tumorigenesis is RAS, an oncogene that controls signaling for many pathways that are also regulated by calcium. While both calcium and oncogenic RAS signaling are implicated in cancer development, possible links between them have yet to be determined. The identification of these links …

Water Intoxication: Current Developments In Hyponatremia, Allison C. Mosmiller

Student Publications

This paper is a review of recent research on the subject of exercise-associated hyponatremia. Hyponatremia is notoriously difficult to diagnose and to treat due to its general symptoms and required specificity in diagnosis in order to assign appropriate treatment. If left untreated, Hyponatremia can result in the development of complications like cerebral edema, seizures, coma, and sometimes death. The pathogenesis of hyponatremia includes multiple proposed mechanisms, including overconsumption of hypotonic fluids, inappropriate release of antidiuretic hormone, inefficiency of fluid filtration by the kidneys, redirection of fluid into intestinal lumen, and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Signs and symptoms of hyponatremia …

Extreme Exposure To Cold: A Method To Enhance Physical Wellness And Recovery, Mallory E. Duggan

Student Publications

This paper reviews the current literature on Cryotherapy and its ability to enhance physical wellness and recovery. The paper details the proposed mechanisms of Cryotherapy as well as its various clinical applications regarding the treatment of numerous diseases and physical exercise recovery. The paper also details the possible limitations/detrimental effects of Cryotherapy usage.

Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy And Wound Healing, Karen E. Lucero Ortega

Student Publications

Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBOT) has been around since the 1860s and is now a well-established form of treatment. HBOT has been proven to be a safe therapeutic option and has been successful in treating non-healing wounds, traumatic wounds, and radiation-induced wounds. There has also been success in treating other conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease, carbon monoxide poisoning, and decompression sickness with HBOT. The way HBOT works is by exposing the body to 100% pure oxygen in a closed chamber, which exceeds normal atmospheric pressure by two to three times. With HBOT, large amounts of oxygen enters the body, which …

A Descriptive Analysis Of Severe Maternal Morbidities In Southern Arizona, Joseph Sherman

Undergraduate Honors Theses

Introduction

Maternal morbidities and maternal deaths are rising at an alarming rate throughout the United States, despite advances in medicine and technology (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2020). In 2020, maternal deaths climbed to its highest peak in thirty years, at 23.8 deaths per 100,000 births (CDC 2020; CDC 2022b). Maternal morbidities have also increased by nearly 200% from 1993 to 2014 (CDC, 2021). The startling rise in both maternal morbidities and maternal deaths is likely exacerbated by limited access to healthcare and the pervasiveness of chronic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and heart disease (Carroll, 2017; Geller …

Determine Speed Performance Of Young Football Players Via Correlation Analyze, Shokhrukh Erkinov, Ildar Kushbakhtiev, Orif Erdonov, Vokhidjon Makhmudov

Karakalpak Scientific Journal

Problem Statement: Study the optimal relationship between the general and special speed performance of 14-17-year-old football players, taking into account their age characteristics and determining correlation relationship of the general and special speed performance.

Approach: As the object of the research, was chosen to study the development of general and special speed performance of 48 of football players of the SSOR (State school of the Olympic reserve, Tashkent city, Republic of Uzbekistan) aged 14 to 17 years, 12 football players in each group (total n=48).

Purpose: The research studies of the correlation relationship of general and special physical performance by …

Phenotypic Variability In Ipsc-Induced Cardiomyocytes And Cardiac Fibroblasts Carrying Diverse Lmna Mutations, Jiajia Yang

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Mutations in the LMNA gene (encoding lamin A/C) are the second most common cause of familial arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy. Diverse LMNA variants in cardiomyocytes have been associated with cardiac phenotypes. Moreover, cardiac fibroblasts make up a large fraction of the myocardium's non-myocyte component, intrinsically linked to extracellular matrix synthesis and turnover as well as secreting large amounts of bioactive metabolites. However, our understanding of how different mutation sites and the non-myocyte niche mediate cardiomyocyte function is limited. To fill this gap, in this thesis I investigated the hypothesis that variable LMNA mutations have significant effects on the genetic, structure and electrophysiological …

Differences In Stronger Versus Weaker Firefighters In Selected Measures Of Power, Quincy Johnson, J. Jay Dawes, Melissa Uftring, Marcel Lopes Dos Santos, Davis Hale, Gabriel J. Sanders, Will Peveler, Roger O. Kollock

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 15(4): 552-560, 2022. Firefighters are required to perform a wide array of physically demanding job tasks, such as forcible entry, charged hose advances and victim extractions. An adequate level of muscular strength and power are required to successfully perform these tasks. The purpose of this study is to investigate the differences in stronger and weaker firefighters in measures of power. Archived data for twenty-seven (age = 34.3 ± 7.9 yr, body height = 176.3 ± 7.2 cm, body mass = 89.4 ± 15.7 kg) full-time firefighters were analyzed. Participants were placed into one of two …

Effects Of Six-Week Periodized Versus Non-Periodized Kettlebell Swing Training On Strength, Power And Muscular Endurance, Evaldo Rui Tavares Santos Junior, Belmiro De Salles, Ingrid Dias, Roberto Simão, Jeff Willardson

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 15(4): 526-540, 2022. The purpose of this study was to compare a periodized versus a non- periodized protocol of kettlebell (KTB) swings over six weeks on strength, power, and muscular endurance. Twenty-eight high intensity functional training (HIFT) practitioners were assigned to non- periodized (NPG = 11), periodized (PG = 11), or control groups (CG = 6). NPG used the same load (20 kg) throughout the training period while the PG used a step loading progression (with an added four kilograms every two weeks). Measures of strength and muscular endurance in the deadlift exercise, and power …

Effect Of Different Numbers Of Interset Antagonist Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Stretching On The Total Number Of Repetitions For The Agonists, Humberto Miranda, Aline Aparecida De Oliveira, Juliana Soares Dos Santos Ribeiro, Fabio Henrique De Freitas, Juliana Brandão Pinto De Castro, Renato L. Alvarenga, Jeff Willardson

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 15(4): 498-506, 2022. Recent studies have observed that stretching applied to antagonist muscles can promote improvement in agonist muscle performance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of different numbers of interset proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) stretching for the antagonists on the total number of repetitions completed for the agonists (quadriceps) in the leg extension exercise. Fourteen physically active individuals (age: 29.35 ± 10.5 years; body mass: 79.1 ± 11.34 kg; height: 170.4 ± 8.7 cm) participated in this study. The following experimental protocols were performed: 1) Traditional protocol (Traditional) …

Pre-Exhaustion Training, A Narrative Review Of The Acute Responses And Chronic Adaptations, Thiago Trindade, Ragami Alves, Bruno De Castro, Matheus De Medeiros, Jason De Medeiros, Paulo Dantas, Jonato Prestes

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 15(3): 507-525, 2022. Pre-exhaustion (PE) is a popular resistance training strategy that involves performing a single-joint exercise followed by a multi-joint exercise with minimal recovery between the transition. This approach is widely used by bodybuilding athletes and resistance training (RT) enthusiasts with the aim of enhancing muscle strength and hypertrophy. The present paper aimed to provide a narrative review as to the effects of the PE method on different acute and chronic outcomes, and discuss relevant practical applications. When considering the body of literature as a whole, we conclude that current evidence does not support …

Electromyographic Examination Of Hip And Knee Extension Hex Bar Exercises Varied By Starting Knee And Torso Angles, Edward Jo, Kevin A. Valenzuela, Whitney Leyva, Jennifer Rivera, Kalin Tomlinson, Elisabeth Zetiz

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 15(1): 541-551, 2022. Variations of the deadlift can be executed using the hexagonal (hex) bar by altering, for instance, the knee and torso angles while maintaining a constant hip angle at the start position. PURPOSE: To examine muscle activation patterns of the biceps femoris, rectus femoris, and erector spinae during three deadlift variations using the hex bar. METHODS: Twenty resistance-trained male and female subjects performed hex bar deadlift variations in three different starting knee flexion positions: 128.4 ± 8.5°, 111.9 ± 8.7°, and 98.3 ± 6.5°. Subjects performed three repetitions at 75% of their three-repetition …

Collagen Iv-Β1integrin Regulation Of Exocytotic Machinery In Pancreatic Beta-Cell Insulin Secretion, Malina Barillaro

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Diabetes is a prevalent metabolic disease characterized by impaired insulin secretion, action, or both. β1-integrin is a key receptor that regulates cell-ECM interactions and is important in maintaining beta-cell functions, including insulin secretion. However, little is reported about the relationship between β1-integrin and the exocytotic proteins involved in insulin secretion. This study examined the influence of ECM-mediated β1-integrin activation on exocytotic machinery involved in insulin secretion using rat insulinoma (INS-1) cells. Collagen IV (COL IV) promoted INS-1 cell adhesion, spreading, and insulin secretion. Additionally, these cells displayed changes in levels and localization of exocytotic proteins involved in insulin secretion. β1-integrin …

In This Issue (13:4), Stephen J. Langendorfer Ph.D.

International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education

Greetings, IJARE readers and welcome to the fourth issue of Volume 13. I admit being quite excited about this issue. It is jam-packed with outstanding papers from six different countries that deserve your readership and attention.

Influence Of Temperature On Passage Rate In Sceloporus Consobrinus, With Comparison To Congeners, Allison Litmer

Arkansas Women in STEM Conference

Variation in energy acquisition, genetics, and environment determine life history traits among individuals, populations, and species. Therefore, influence of climate change may differ by population or even individual. Sceloporus lizards are used as model organisms for thermal biology, and climate modeling. However, it is often assumed that locally-measured thermal and bioenergetic responses apply among broadly similar species, and throughout intraspecific geographic range. The objective of this project was twofold: 1) to quantify the influence of temperature on passage rate in Sceloporus consobrinus from Arkansas, and 2) compare the influence of temperature on passage rate between S. consobrinus, and published …

Assessment Of Relationships Between External Load Metrics And Game Performance In Women’S Lacrosse, Libby Bynum, Ronald Snarr Jr., Bradley Myers 8931361, Jennifer A. Bunn

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 15(6): 488-497, 2022. The purpose of this study was to analyse the relationship between external load metrics with game performance for Division I collegiate female lacrosse. Data were collected using microtechnology during 26 games with 13 athletes (attackers n = 5, midfielders n = 8). External load variables included: total distance (TD), distance rate (DR), high-intensity (HI) distance, speed, HI sprints, accelerations, decelerations, metabolic equivalent distance (MED), and sprints. For attackers, goals, points, shots, and shots on goal (SOG) had low, positive associations with TD (r = 0.32 to 0.42) and MED (r …

Evaluating Novel Methods Of Classifying Interlimb Asymmetries Within Collegiate American Football Players, Nicolas M. Philipp, Derek A. Crawford, Matthew J. Garver, H. Scott Strohmeyer

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 15(6): 473-487, 2022. Over the last few years, researchers and sport scientists have expressed an increased interest in the effects of interlimb asymmetry on aspects of sport performance such as jumping, sprinting, and changing direction. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic utility of three different means of classifying asymmetry to highlight if a 6-week resistance training intervention can meaningfully reduce levels of asymmetry, and to determine the relation between asymmetry reduction and improvements in change of direction (CoD) performance, if any. Eighteen, division-two collegiate American football skill position players completed all pre- and post-intervention …

Acute Ingestion Of A Commercially Available Pre-Workout Supplement Improves Anaerobic Power Output And Reduces Muscular Fatigue, Sotiris Panayi, Andy Galbraith

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 15(6): 455-472, 2022. The effect of a pre-workout supplement on anaerobic power output and muscular fatigue was examined. 18 participants took part in this double-blinded crossover study, reporting for testing on 3 occasions. Participants completed a 6x6 second repeated sprint test, with 20s recovery between sprints. Anaerobic power output was recorded as the highest power achieved during sprint test. Muscular fatigue was reported as a fatigue index across the six sprints ((maximum power – minimum power) ÷ total sprint time). During a baseline visit, participants consumed 250ml of water 30 minutes prior to testing, whilst …

High-Risk Environmental Conditions Attenuates Performance Efficiency Index In Ncaa Di Female Soccer Players, Maxine Furtado Mesa, Jeffrey R. Stout, David H. Fukuda, Michael J. Redd, Adam J. Wells

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 15(6): 442-454, 2022. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of environmental conditions on running performance and performance efficiency index (Effindex). Performance data recorded using Polar Team Pro sensors from eight collegiate female soccer players in nine matches were analyzed during the 2019 competitive season. Effindex and running performance, including total distance covered (TD_REL) and distance covered in five speed thresholds relative to minutes played, were examined for indications of fatigue with respect to environmental conditions, including ambient temperature and relative humidity. Matches were separated into three groups based on …

The Impact Of Early Morning Training Sessions On Total Sleep Time In Collegiate Athletes, Brandon Merfeld, Austin Mancosky, Joel Luedke, Shalynn Griesmer, Jacob Erickson, Victoria Carvalho, Andrew R. Jagim

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 15(6): 423-433, 2022. Early morning training sessions may affect sleep quantity in athletes. The purpose of this study is to examine differences in total sleep time of collegiate athletes on nights prior to early morning training sessions relative to non-training nights. Wristwatch monitors equipped with photoplethysmography and accelerometer technology were worn by 18 NCAA Division III collegiate athletes (Age: 20.1 ± 1.6 years, Height: 1.81 ± 0.02 m, Body Mass: 91.2 ± 6.5 kg, Body Fat %: 20.8 ± 1.6%) during a two-week period of training to monitor total sleep times. Athletes recorded time in …

Comparison Of A Continuous And Discontinuous Gxt On Vo2 In Resistance-Trained And Endurance-Trained Males, Brandon D. Shepherd, Ffion G. Price, Ben Krings, Johneric W. Smith

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 15(4): 414-422, 2022. Traditional graded exercise testing to assess maximal oxygen uptake (VO_2max) may not well represent resistance-trained athletes due to their unfamiliarity with continuous exercise. For this reason, it is possible discontinuous exercise protocols may better represent the maximum capacity for aerobic metabolism in resistance-trained athletes, in order to provide a more valid assessment of VO_2max and risk of developing cardiovascular disease. Purpose: The purpose of this experiment was to compare VO_2peak during a continuous and discontinuous modified Bruce protocol in both highly resistance-trained and endurance-trained males. Methods: 19 college-aged …