Pharmacology, Toxicology and Environmental Health Commons^™

Stability Determination Of An Alternative Approach To Use Of Liquid Drug Substance As Oil Phase In Microemulsion Formulations: Methyl Salicylate, Warunee Leesajakul, Sunee Channarong, Pathamaporn Chuetee

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

The objective of this study was to investigate the stability of microemulsions using methyl salicylate as oil phase in the presence and the absence of hydrophobic additives and/or drug after six-month storage at ambient temperature. The investigated addi.

Effect Of Hyperglycemia And Thiazolidinediones On Cardiac Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (Ace2) And Neprilysin (Nep) In Db/Db Diabetic Mice, Rucha Fadnavis

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is strongly associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Despite availability of several antidiabetic medications, the cardiovascular outcomes remain unchanged. Activation of renin angiotensin system is one of the critical factors in development of diabetic complications. Hyperglycemia causes an increase in tissue and circulating Angiotensin II. Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE2) and neprilysin (NEP) are angiotensin (1-7) forming enzymes. ACE2 was first cloned from heart failure patients and has cardioprotective and renoprotective properties. Combination of angiotensin receptor antagonism and NEP inhibition is a new therapeutic strategy for treatment of heart failure. The aim of this study was …

Effect Of Hyperglycemia And Thiazolidinediones On Cardiac Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (Ace2) And Neprilysin (Nep) In Db/Db Diabetic Mice., Rucha Fadnavis

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is strongly associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Despite availability of several antidiabetic medications, the cardiovascular outcomes remain unchanged. Activation of renin angiotensin system is one of the critical factors in development of diabetic complications. Hyperglycemia causes an increase in tissue and circulating Angiotensin II. Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE2) and neprilysin (NEP) are angiotensin (1-7) forming enzymes. ACE2 was first cloned from heart failure patients and has cardioprotective and renoprotective properties. Combination of angiotensin receptor antagonism and NEP inhibition is a new therapeutic strategy for treatment of heart failure. The aim of this study was …

Axonal Transport, Parkin, And Α-Synuclein; Novel Therapeutic Targets To Treat Methamphetamine Neurotoxicity, Bryan Andrew Killinger

Wayne State University Dissertations

Methamphetamine (METH) is a commonly abuse psychostimulant. Exposure to chronic high doses of METH can result in neurotoxicity primarily characterized by damage to striatal dopaminergic (DAergic) axons. There are currently no therapeutic interventions for METH neurotoxicity. To some extent damage to striatal DAergic axons is reversible and DAergic axon function may return following abstinence from METH. The reversible nature of METH neurotoxicity suggests that normal striatal function could be restored following exposure to METH. However, potential targets to treat METH neurotoxicity are needed. Axonal transport is required for restoration of DAergic axon components damaged or lost following METH. Here we …

Underlying Mechanisms Of Arsenic-Induced Tumorigenesis: From Epigenetics To Malignancy, Lingzhi Li

Wayne State University Dissertations

Arsenic is a well-recognized environmental health threat with the capability of inducing a number of human diseases, including cancer. The aim of this dissertation is to unveil the mechanisms underlying the carcinogenic activities of environmental arsenic. The biological functions of arsenic had been studied for decades. However, there are still many questions that remain to be fully answered, such as whether and how arsenic contributes to the epigenetic regulations and migration or metastasis control of the cancer cells. In this regard, we focused our attention on both histone modifications and miRNA regulations in the arsenic-induced malignant transformation of the cells, …

Human Kinome In Skeletal Muscle Insulin Resistance, Yue Qi

Wayne State University Dissertations

Protein kinases play fundamental roles in regulation of biological processes and functions, such as insulin signaling and glucose metabolism. Dysregulation of protein kinases may cause impaired cell signaling and human diseases, such as metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Skeletal muscle is the main site responsible for insulin-stimulated glucose disposal, and insulin resistance in skeletal muscle is one of the key features of the pathogenesis of T2D. Therefore, malfunction of protein kinases and their interaction proteins may contribute to the molecular mechanism of insulin resistance in human skeletal muscle. However, no large scale profiling study has been reported to …

G-Quadruplexes As Molecular Targets For Transcriptional Control, Rhianna Kyelle Morgan

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

DNA G-quadruplexes (G4s) have gained interest in modern drug discovery efforts. The majority of G4 research, including the mass of this research, heavily focuses on cancer therapeutic development, as G4s are more pronounced in oncogenic promoters compared to the rest of the genome, our efforts extend towards neuroprotection as well. In particular, this work covers G4s in the promoters of MYC, VEGF, kRAS, and Bcl-2. MYC and VEGF harbor the two most well described promoter G4s to date, and their stabilization cultivates transcriptional silencing. Downregulation of MYC reduces cell growth and alters cell energetics; it is promising for a variety …

Does Timing Of Herbicide Use Influence Rates Of Germination Or Seedling Biomass Of Native Plants Used For Restoration?, Christine Mcmanamen

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

Invasive plants can negatively impact native grasslands by changing their species composition, productivity, and function. Managers commonly use herbicides as a control method; however, this practice can lead to secondary invasion by other non-native invasive plants, unless measures are taken to promote natives. Because of this, managers often seed native plants after spraying herbicides. There is evidence, however, that chemical control of invasive plants may reduce the effectiveness of subsequent seed-addition treatments, but there is currently little quantitative information on optimal timing between spraying and seeding or on variation in herbicide sensitivity among native plants commonly used in seed mixes. …

Thermal Burn Injury Induced Microvesicle Particle Release, Katherine Erin Fahy

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

Microvesicle particles (MVP) are found to be important for cellular communication because they contain many bioactive proteins, lipids, cytokines, and nucleic acids. We have previously found that ultraviolet B radiation (UVB) and a Platelet-activating factor agonist (CPAF) can stimulate the release of MVP in keratinocytes. We hypothesized that there may also be an increase in MVP released after thermal burn and that could be involved in pathogenesis of the systemic effects found in some patients. In this thesis various keratinocyte cell lines, mice and human ex vivo skin were used as model systems to test our hypotheses. It was determined …

Extracellular Microvesicles As A Novel Biomarker For Wound Healing, Walid Omran Mari

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Introduction: Wound healing is a sophisticated dynamic process that involves complex coordination among a variety of resident cells in a suitable extracellular environment. Chronic wounds are defined as wounds that fail to heal within a period of 3 months. Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) is a closed suction drainage system is used to enable mass transport of fluid from the body as an adjunct to surgical procedures. (Oasis-ultra) is a triple layer extracellular matrix containing different types of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) like heparin sulfate, hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfate. In addition, it has adhesion molecule such as fibronectin and laminin along …

Investigating The Modulation And Mechanisms Of Α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors In Nicotine Dependence, Asti Jackson

Theses and Dissertations

Tobacco dependence dramatically increases health burdens and financial costs. Limitations of current smoking cessation therapies indicate the need for improved molecular targets. Nicotine, the main addictive component of tobacco, exerts its dependency effects via nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). The homomeric α7 nAChR is one of the most abundant receptors found in the brain and has unique features in comparison to other nAChR subtypes such as high calcium permeability, low probability of channel opening, and a rapid desensitization rate. α7 nAChR agonists reduce nicotine's rewarding properties in the conditioned place preference (CPP) test and i.v. self-administration. Recently, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor …

Differential Gene Expression Analysis Of Metolachlor Treated Human Liver Cells By Microarray, Navinder Paul Kaur Brar

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

Metolachlor is one of the most common pre-emergent pesticides used by Iowa farmers. It is used to control broadleaf weeds and grasses in the fields of corn and soybean. It is a frequent contaminant of groundwater and surface water due to runoff after application. It has been shown to inhibit protein and chlorophyll synthesis in plant cells, but its effect on mammalian cells has not been consistently conclusive. As metolachlor and other herbicides have been shown to be associated with harmful health effects in non-target organisms it is very important to determine a mechanism of action on non-target cells, especially …

Altered Gut Microbiome In A Mouse Model Of Gulf War Illness Causes Neuroinflammation And Intestinal Injury Via Leaky Gut And Tlr4 Activation, Firas Alhasson, Suvarthi Das, Ratanesh K. Seth, Diptadip Dattaroy, Varun Chandrashekaran, Caitlin N. Ryan, Luisa S. Chan, Traci Testerman, James Burch, Lorne J. Hofseth, Ronnie Horner, Mitzi Nagarkatti, Prakash Nagarkatti, Stephen M. Lasley, Saurabh Chatterjee

Faculty Publications

Many of the symptoms of Gulf War Illness (GWI) that include neurological abnormalities, neuroinflammation, chronic fatigue and gastrointestinal disturbances have been traced to Gulf War chemical exposure. Though the association and subsequent evidences are strong, the mechanisms that connect exposure to intestinal and neurological abnormalities remain unclear. Using an established rodent model of Gulf War Illness, we show that chemical exposure caused significant dysbiosis in the gut that included increased abundance of phylum Firmicutes and Tenericutes, and decreased abundance of Bacteroidetes. Several gram negative bacterial genera were enriched in the GWI-model that included Allobaculum sp. Altered microbiome caused significant decrease …

Atp-Sensitive Inwardly Rectifying Potassium Channel Modulators Alter Cardiac Function In Honey Bees, Scott T. O'Neal, Daniel R. Swale, Jeffrey R. Bloomquist, Troy D. Anderson

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

ATP-sensitive inwardly rectifying potassium (KATP) channels couple cellular metabolism to the membrane potential of the cell and play an important role in a variety of tissue types, including the insect dorsal vessel, making them a subject of interest not only for understanding invertebrate physiology, but also as a potential target for novel insecticides. Most of what is known about these ion channels is the result of work performed in mammalian systems, with insect studies being limited to only a few species and physiological systems. The goal of this study was to investigate the role that K_ATP channels play in …

The International Scientific Association For Probiotics And Prebiotics (Isapp) Consensus Statement On The Definition And Scope Of Prebiotics, Glenn R. Gibson, Robert W. Hutkins, Mary Ellen Sanders, Susan L. Prescott, Raylene A. Reimer, Seppo J. Salminen, Karen Scott, Catherine Stanton, Kelly S. Swanson, Patrice D. Cani, Kristin Verbeke, Gregor Reid

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

In December 2016, a panel of experts in microbiology, nutrition and clinical research was convened by the International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics to review the definition and scope of prebiotics. Consistent with the original embodiment of prebiotics, but aware of the latest scientific and clinical developments, the panel updated the definition of a prebiotic: a substrate that is selectively utilized by host microorganisms conferring a health benefit. This definition expands the concept of prebiotics to possibly include non-carbohydrate substances, applications to body sites other than the gastrointestinal tract, and diverse categories other than food. The requirement for selective …

A Multibiomarker Analysis Of Pollutant Effects On Atlantic Stingray Populations In Florida’S St. Johns River, John Whalen

UNF Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The goal of this study was to examine the potential health effects of organochlorine (OC) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) exposure on Atlantic stingray populations in Florida’s St. Johns River (SJR). Special emphasis was placed on identifying OC- and/or PAH-related effects in stingrays from areas of the lower (LSJR) and middle (MSJR) basins shown to possess elevated levels of these compounds, as well as characterizing baseline levels of pollutant exposure in the SJR shipping channel, which may be subjected to dredging in the near future, potentially resuspending and redistributing contaminated sediments and increasing pollutant-associated effects. To accomplish this, we measured …

Transferrin Receptor Targeted Delivery Of Sirna For Gene Therapy, Yuran Xie

Wayne State University Dissertations

Gene therapy is thought to be a solution for various difficult to treat diseases such as cancer. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) as a promising anti-sense molecule can specifically silence disease related gene have been exploit in different diseases. However, lack of safe and efficient siRNA delivery systems limits the application of siRNA therapy in clinic. Transferrin receptor (TfR) is an essential transmembrane receptor involved in iron uptake. TfR universally express in most cells/ tissues but upregulated in certain cells, for example, many cancer cells and activated T cells (ATCs). To overcome the biological barriers and increase siRNA delivery efficiency, in …

Protein Phosphatase 2a Interactions In Islet And Human Skeletal Muscle In Diabetes, Divyasri Damacharla

Wayne State University Dissertations

Type 2 Diabetes is a metabolic disorder associated with insulin resistance and consequent high blood glucose levels. Under normal conditions, in response to high blood glucose levels, pancreatic beta cells produce insulin. The secreted insulin is dis-tributed to tissues thereby stimulating insulin stimulated glucose uptake. However, maximum glucose disposal takes place in skeletal muscle. Thus, studying beta cells and skeletal muscle in respect to diabetes is crucial. Protein Phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is one of the major serine/threonine phosphatases belonging to PhosphoProteinPhospha-tase (PPP) family. It constitutes about 80% of all serine/threonine phosphatases. It is regulated by numerous regulatory subunits as well …

Systematic Extraction And Characterization Of ?-Glucan From The Industrial Brewing Yeast (Saccharomyces Cerevisiae) Waste Material And The Immunomodulatory Studies On Tnf-? And Il-6 Cytokine Balance Of The Mouse Macrophage Cell Lines, Theeraya Krisdaphong

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Objectives: The aim of this investigation was to create value to the industrial waste production by systematic extraction and purification of ?-glucan from the industrial brewing yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) waste material. In addition, the immunolo..

Extra Precision Docking Studies Of Novel Luteolin Analogues For The Inhibition Of Tankyrase Ii- “A Theoretical Based Approach Towards Novel Cancer Target, Aravinda Pai, Jayashree B.S., Sanchari Basu-Mallik, Richard Lobo

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Luteolin, a natural bio-flavonoid is known to possess variety of pharmacological activity, particularly tumour growth inhibition. Reports are available to substantiate the interaction of luteolin with Tankyrase II, one of the key enzymes responsible for .

Clinical Outcomes Of A Pharmaceutical Care Service In Lithium Clinic Adjunct To Standard Care Compared With Standard Care Alone In Patients With Bipolar Disorder: 10 Years Naturalistic Retrospective Cohort Study, Orabhorn Suanchang, Vithaya Kulsomboon, Yupadee Sirisinsuk, Norrawee Phoomchan, Charnwit Skawatananont

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Objective: To compare the long-term clinical outcomes of bipolar patients following lithium maintenance therapy between patients who received standard care plus pharmaceutical care service (lithium clinic group) and patients who received standard care al.

Isocratic Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatographic Assay Of Quetiapine Fumarate In Pharmaceuticals, N Rajendra Prasad, Kanakapura Basavaiah

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

An isocratic and reversed phase ultra-performance liquid chromatographic (RP-UPLC) method has been developed for the determination of quetiapine fumarate (QTF)) in bulk drug and in its tablets. The method was developed using AQUITY UPLC HSS T3 (2.1 x 50.

Stability-Indicating Method To Determine Bioactive Nucleosides In Crude Drugs, Extracts, And Products From Cordyceps Sinensis And Cordyceps Militaris, Boonta Chutvirasakul

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

The aim of this study was to develop a stability indicating method to determine bioactive nucleosides including uridine, guanosine, adenosine, and cordycepin in crude drugs, extracts, and products from Cordyceps Sinensis and Cordyceps Militaris by gradie.

A Medicines Terminology Governance Model For Thailand, Anuchai Theeraroungchaisri, Ratsapan Phuksaritanon, Boonchai Kijsanayotin

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

At present, Thailand does not have a national governance system for developing a health data standard and coding system, especially drug codes and medicine terminology. There is no single responsible organization and also no mechanism for cooperation amo.

From Yosemite To A Global Market: How Patagonia, Inc. Has Created An Environmentally Sustainable And Socially Equitable Model Of Supply-Chain Management, Mary-Clare Bosco

Pomona Senior Theses

There is an urgent pressure of the time (2016) to re-evaluate our patterns of consumption to adapt to changing climates and reduce waste and pollution. Because an immediate restructuring of global production strategies is not likely any time soon, industrial innovators are finding new ways of redesigning supply-chain management in efforts to move towards environmentally sustainable business in which all manufacturing practices are transparent. Patagonia, Inc. is a testament to the often-debated question of economic value in green business practices, and this thesis acts as an outline as to how they arrived at such an impressive presence in the business …

Identification Of “Kratom” (Mitragyna Speciosa) Alkaloids In Commercially Available Products, Julia Grzymkowski, Michelle R. Peace, Justin Poklis

UROP Posters

“Kratom” is the common name for the botanical mitragyna speciosa. It is a tree native to Southeast Asia in which leaves contain the psychoactive alkaloids mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine. Kratom is often ingested as teas, chewed, or smoked. It acts as a stimulant in small doses and as an opioid in large doses. Overdoses can result in vomiting, seizures, and death. Recently the Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) placed Kratom on Schedule 1, but, due to public outcry, it was almost immediately removed.

Eleven kratom based products were obtained from various tobacco shops, “headshops” and via the internet including: Choice brand …

Dredging Land Reclamation Causing Mucus Development In Massive Spherical Corals In The Spratly Islands, South China Sea: The Effects On China’S Fishing Industry, Tiffany K. Ho

UROP Posters

Images from Asia Maritime Transparency Initiative depicted huge masses of white coral mucus secreted from coral reefs in the Spratly Islands of the South China Sea, an area where several land reclamation projects are occurring. The purpose of this research was to understand how increased sedimentation levels from the dredging land reclamation method affects mucus development in massive corals, such as Acropora, located in these reefs. Journal articles that focused on the biology of coral mucus, bacterial communities associated with coral tissue, mucus, and seawater, coral mortality from different environment impacts, coral coverage of reefs in Spratly Islands, and symbiotic …

Feasibility Of Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (Libs) As An At-Line Validation Tool For Calcium Determination In Infant Formula, Xavier Cama-Moncunill, Maria Markiewicz-Keszycka, Yash Dixit, Raquel Cama-Moncunill, Maria Piedad Casado-Gavalda, Patrick J. Cullen, Carl Sullivan

Articles

In this study, a 150 mJ laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) system was assessed to determine calcium content in infant formula (IF) samples. LIBS is a promising emission spectroscopic technique for elemental analysis, which offers advantages over conventional methods such as real-time analyses, little to no sample preparation and ease of use. The aim of this work was to evaluate the feasibility of LIBS as an at-line tool for IF manufacturing. To this end, IF mixtures with varying content of calcium were prepared over a range (approx. 1.5–7 mg/g of calcium) selected to be in conformity with the guidelines provided by …

Impact Of Atmospheric Pressure Nonequilibrium Plasma Discharge On Polymer Surface Metrology, Laurence Scally, James Lalor, Patrick J. Cullen, Vladimir Milosavljevic

Articles

Due to the attraction of plasma technologies as a clean and efficient means of surface modification, significant research has gone into the physical and chemical aspects of polymer functionalization. In this study, it was shown that the use of an atmospheric plasma jet can efficiently modify the surface of polyethylene terephthalate samples and change their hydrophobic properties to more hydrophilic characteristics. The dependence on the changes with respect to time, distance, and atomic oxygen (O I) intensity were considered as factors. It was found that with closer proximity to the plasma source (without causing thermal degradation) and with increasing levels …

Characterization Of Sex Differences In The Reinforcing Effects Of Nicotine, Rodolfo Jesus Flores Garcia

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

It is presently unclear whether ovarian hormones, such as estradiol (E2) promote the reinforcing effects of nicotine in females. Thus, we compared extended access to nicotine intravenous self-administration (IVSA) in intact male, intact female, and OVX female rats (Study 1) as well as OVX females that received vehicle or E2 supplementation (Study 2). The E2 supplementation procedure involved a 4-day procedure involving 2 days of vehicle administration and 2 days of E2 administration. Two doses of E2 (25 or 250 ug) were assessed in separate groups of OVX females in order to examine the dose-dependent effects of this hormone on …