Biotechnology Commons^™

Antioxidant And Anticancer Activities Of Polysaccharide Extracted From White-Rot Fungus Trametes Polyzona Cu07, Budi Kurniawan

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Over the last decade, fungal polysaccharides have gained interest for their therapeutic activity as anticancer agent. This research aimed to investigate a newly isolated Trametes polyzona CU07 for its anticancer and antioxidant activity. CTPPs, an obtained crude polysaccharides of T. polyzona were extracted by hot water from its mycelia. Subsequently, the extract was analysed its chemical properties. Scavenging activity on ABTS and DPPH was evaluated for antioxidant performance. Furthermore, the anticancer activity was evaluated by performing the inhibitory effects, proliferation, apoptosis induction and colony formation assay. MCF-7 cell line and triple negative breast cancer (MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468) were used as …

Electrochemical Dna Super-Sandwich Biosensor For Porcine Dna Adulteration Detection In Foods, Vasita Lapeee

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Amid increasing concerns over meat adulteration and mislabeling, which impact consumer trust, especially among people who are forbidden from consuming certain meats due to religious, cultural, and health reasons, there is a need for reliable detection methods. Although standard methods for genetic material detection, such as DNA amplification, offer high sensitivity, they also present limitations in terms of cost, instrument complexity, and lengthy detection times. Addressing these limitations, this thesis focuses on developing an electrochemical DNA sensor for detecting porcine DNA contamination in food without prior DNA amplification. The proposed method is straightforward, rapid, and cost-effective. The detection process involves …

In Silico And In Vitro Studies On Inclusion Complex Of 8-Bromobaicalein With Beta-Cyclodextrins, Noriyuki Yasuda

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Baicalein (5,6,7-trihydroxyflavone), an active compound derived from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, exhibits notable anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and anticancer properties. 8-bromobaicalein (BB), a derivative of baicalein, possesses even stronger cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 human breast cancer cell lines. However, its low water solubility limits its use for further applications. In this study, we investigated βCD and its derivatives (hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) and 2,6-di-O-methyl-β-cyclodextrin (DMβCD)) for their ability to improve the solubility of BB through inclusion complexation. From molecular dynamics simulations and MM/GBSA-based and SIE-based binding free energy calculations, we determined that DMβCD exhibited the highest efficacy as a host molecule for the inclusion complexation …

Bioactive Compounds From Holy Basil (Ocimum Tenuiflorum L.) Against Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme2 (Ace2), Sirinat Chalkual

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

The present study aimed to discover bioactive compounds 3 types of holy basil and clove basil that could inhibit SARS-CoV-2 binding to the Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptors (ACE2) and prohibiting the virus from penetrating into the host cells. The leaves and stem of 3 types of holy basils and clove basil were extracted separately through steam-distillation, liquid-liquid extraction and column chromatography and all extracts were characterized by GC/MS and NMR spectrometry and examied their ACE2 inhibitory activity. Essential oils and water phase of red holy basil showed the highest inhibition with IC50 values of 0.026 and IC50 0.310 microgram per …

Identification And Characterization Of Bacteriophages For Phage Cocktail Formulation Specific To Uropathogenic Escherichia Coli, Pattida Kongsomboonchoke

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are commonly found in elderlies, infants, hospitalized patients, and most women. UTIs are caused by a variety of pathogens with uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is mostly prevalence. Even though UPEC can be treated with several antibiotics, the rapid emergence of multidrug resistant (MDR)-UPEC renders the antibiotic treatment no longer successful. Therapy using phages, which are bacterial viruses, has been considered but it is limited by bacterial resistance that develops during evolution. Fortunately, the suppression of phage resistance can be improved when used several phages as a cocktail. Here, I aim to formulate an efficient phage cocktail …

On Evaluation Of The Indian Standard Topography Factor For Design Wind Speed On Escarpments, Abdul Haseeb Wani, Rajendra Kumar Varma, Ashok Kumar Ahuja

ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development

Standards on wind loads of various countries give wind loading map of respective country in which basic wind speeds are mentioned. Design wind speeds for designing buildings and other structures are evaluated by the structural designers from these basic wind speed values by incorporating many factors. One of these factors taken into consideration is for the local topography effect such as escarpments and hills. Standards on wind loads including Indian Standard give certain recommendations for the same. However, the steps involved in evaluating relevant modification factor for local topography as given in Indian Standard on Wind Loads are many. An …

Liquid Waste Treatment For Sustainable Tapioca Industry: A Comparison Between Biogas And Liquid Sugar, Lilik Sulistyowati, Novi Andareswari, Rifqi Rahmat Hidayatullah, Nurul Amri Komarudin, Yuni Yolanda

ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development

There have been many studies examining the processing of tapioca wastewater. However, most studies have only researched at a laboratory scale without considering whether the treatment is appropriate. The study's purpose is to compare the processing technology of biogas and liquid sugar using technical, environmental, social, and cost-benefit analysis criteria to determine the appropriate technology to be applied. Literature study, observation, and interviews were used to determine the characteristics of each criterion. Cost-benefit analysis is calculated using the R/C Ratio. Furthermore, priority determination is carried out using the Exponential Comparison Method (MPE) using assessments from environmental and industrial experts on …

Disintegration Evaluation Of Mudrock Fragment Through Wet-Dry Cycle By Quantitative Indices, Misbahudin Misbahudin, Dian Yesy Fatimah, Elfarino Trizani

ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development

The disintegration of mudrock during moisture content change caused severe cases in several engineering works in Indonesia. One interesting site is Hambalang, Bogor Regency, West Java Province. The wetting and drying cycle is the easiest and fastest test to evaluate disintegration. After undergoing the process, samples of mudrocks disintegrate into smaller fragments. This paper evaluated the characteristics of the slaked material of mudrock by quantitative indices. The mudrock evaluated in this study underwent rapid disintegration in a short period, indicated by megascopic description and quantitative indices. In addition, evolutionary disintegration up to eight cycles has the same characteristics as the …

Sequencing Antisense Transcriptome Of Populus Through Antisense/Sense Transcript Pair Enrichment, Emma V. Burke

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

Past transcriptome research on plants focused primarily on protein coding genes, and only recently researchers began looking into the non-protein coding regions that may play significant roles in gene regulation. Antisense RNA transcripts that are found naturally in the cell share complementary sequence with sense transcripts and have been shown to regulate expression of their sense counterparts. Since antisense RNA has been largely under-studied and difficult to sequence because of their low relative abundance, new methods are needed to target antisense RNA for efficient genome-wide profiling. To address this gap in methods to efficiently and cost effectively enrich antisense RNA …

The Investigation Of Novel Bovine Oocyte-Specific Long Non-Coding Rnas And Their Roles In Oocyte Maturation And Early Embryonic Development, Jaelyn Zoe Current

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Early embryonic loss is a significant factor in livestock species' infertility, resulting in an economic deficit. In cattle, the in vivo fertilization rate is ~90%, with an average calving rate of about 55%, indicating an embryonic-fetal mortality rate of roughly 35%. Further, 70-80% of total embryonic loss in cattle occurs during the first three weeks after insemination, particularly between days 7-16. Growing evidence indicates that the oocyte plays an active role in regulating critical aspects of the reproductive process required for successful fertilization, embryo development, and pregnancy. However, defining oocyte quality remains enigmatic. Recently, many have abandoned the notion that …

Heat Shock Protein 90 (Hsp90) System In Health And Disease., Daniella Munezero

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Cells rely on heat shock proteins (HSP) to facilitate and regulate the folding of the substrate proteins into their native state, and degradation if misfolding cannot be prevented. HSP90, a member of the HSP family, is a potential target for treatment of cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Unfortunately, several clinical trials for cancer treatment have been discontinued due to cell toxicity accompanying HSP90 inhibition. HSP90 has four distinct but structurally similar paralogs. HSP90 inhibitors target all the paralogs despite increasing proof of functional differences among the paralogs. Understanding the in vivo function of HSP90 and the role played by each paralog …

Extension Of The Ergot Alkaloid Gene Cluster, Samantha Joy Fabian

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Specialized metabolites produced by fungi impact human health. A large portion of the pharmaceuticals currently on the market are derived from metabolites biosynthesized by microbes. Ergot alkaloids are a class of fungal metabolites that are important in the interactions of environmental fungi with insects and mammals and also are used in the production of pharmaceuticals. In animals, ergot alkaloids can act as partial agonists or antagonists at receptors for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin), dopamine, and noradrenaline as ergot alkaloids have chemical structures similar to those neurotransmitters. Therefore, they affect insects and mammals that consume them and can be used to produce drugs …

Elucidation Of The Role Of Agouti-Signaling Protein Throughout Folliculogenesis And Early Embryonic Development In Cattle, Heather L. Chaney

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The oocyte expresses certain genes during folliculogenesis to regulate the acquisition of oocyte competence. Oocyte competence, which refers to the presence of imperative molecular factors in the oocyte that are critical for high oocyte quality, is directly related to the ability of the oocyte to result in a successful pregnancy following fertilization. Over the past few decades, the development and optimization of assisted reproductive technologies, particularly in vitrofertilization, have enabled the beef and dairy industries to advance cattle genetics and productivity. However, only approximately 40% of bovine embryos will develop to the blastocyst stage in vitro. In addition, bovine embryos …

Multipolymer Microsphere Delivery Of Sars-Cov-2 Antigens, Farah Shahjin, Milankumar Patel, Jatin Machhi, Jacob D. Cohen, Mohammad Ullah Nayan, Pravin Yeapuri, Chen Zhang, Emiko Waight, Mahmudul Hasan, Mai Mohamed Abdelmoaty, Prasanta K. Dash, You Zhou, Irene Andreu, Howard E. Gendelman, Bhavesh D. Kevadiya

Nebraska Center for Biotechnology: Faculty and Staff Publications

Effective antigen delivery facilitates antiviral vaccine success defined by effective immune protective re- sponses against viral exposures. To improve severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV- 2) antigen delivery, a controlled biodegradable, stable, biocompatible, and nontoxic polymeric micro- sphere system was developed for chemically inactivated viral proteins. SARS-CoV-2 proteins encapsulated in polymeric microspheres induced robust antiviral immunity. The viral antigen-loaded microsphere sys- tem can preclude the need for repeat administrations, highlighting its potential as an effective vaccine.

Manuka Honey Reduces The Virulence Of Pectobacterium Brasiliense By Suppressing Genes That Encode Plant Cell Wall-Degrading Enzymes, Ava Sheila, Subandiyah Siti, Rohman Muhammad Saifur, Ogawa Naoto, Joko Tri

ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development

The primary virulence of soft rot pectobacteria, including Pectobacterium brasiliense, is mainly determined by the massive production of plant cell wall-degrading enzymes (PCWDEs), which promote plant tissue maceration in many crops. The antibiotic treatment to treat bacterial soft rot causes environmental problems and potentially affects resistance. Antibiotic resistance is driving interest in antimicrobial treatments, and no organism has been reported to have acquired resistance to honey. However, the use of honey as a therapeutic agent for plant bacterial pathogens has rarely been studied. Therefore, this study was undertaken to determine the in vitro effect of Manuka honey against P. brasiliense …

Suitability Of Current Single-Cylinder Diesel Engines Available In Indonesia With New Indonesian National Standard (Sni 119:2020), Sukra Kurnia Fajar Adhi, Setiapraja Hari, Soewono Respatya Teguh, Sumartono Hari

ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development

Diesel engines have been utilized for various purposes in Indonesia. Diesel engine manufacturers have developed designs and competed with each other to win the market in Indonesia. Nationally and internationally recognized standards are required to ensure the quality of products for Indonesia and the international market. The Indonesian National Standard (SNI) 119 is one of the recognized standards for single-cylinder diesel engine in Indonesia. Compared with the previous SNI 0119:2012, SNI 119:2020 has revised the limits of some parameters. This study evaluated the passing data of SNI test results from 2015 to 2020 and then analyzed the distribution of engines …

Analysis Of Surface Water Availability To Meet Agricultural Water Demands In Kediri Regency, Indonesia, Sekaranom Andung Bayu, Purnama I.G. Setyawan, Cahyadi Ahmad, Andika Neil, Febriarta Erik, Nurjani Emilya, Firmansyah Anugrah Jorgi, Maghfiroh, Larasati Chafda, Septyo Novanna Dwi

ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development

This study aims to analyze the potential of surface water to meet agricultural water needs in Kediri Regency, Indonesia. Data from government agencies (i.e., Indonesian Bureau of Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics and Kediri Agriculture Office) and fieldwork were analyzed to achieve the research objectives. The data obtained consisted of rainfall, temperature, infiltration capacity, soil texture, root depth, and agricultural land area. The potential of surface water resources was calculated by using the Thornthwaite–Mather water balance method. The water balance results were compared with agricultural water demands, which were calculated on the basis of the area of agricultural land and type …

Mechanical And Thermal Load Effect On Piston Crown Of A Biogas Engine: A Simulation Approach, Truc Nguyen The, Anh Duc Tran, Cam Van Nguyen, Khac Tung Nguyen, Dinh Long Hoang, Xuan Phong Trinh, Nguyen Duc Khanh

ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development

This paper presents the study results on stress and deformation of the piston crown of a biogas engine converted from a conventional diesel engine using dedicated software. The original diesel engine was modified to reduce the compression ratio to suit biogas fuel. The original engine's combustion chamber and compression ratio were changed by modifying the piston crown to a heron type. The parameters of in-cylinder pressure and temperature were determined by the thermodynamic simulation software AVL Boost. Research results show that the in-cylinder pressure decreased compared to diesel when using biogas fuel, but the temperature increased. The infinite element method-based …

Hiv-Tat Exacerbates The Actions Of Atazanavir, Efavirenz, And Ritonavir On Cardiac Ryanodine Receptor (Ryr2), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Chengju Tian, Sean R. Bidasee, Zachary L. Venn, Evan Schroder, Nick Y. Palermo, Mohammad Alshabeeb, Benson J. Edagwa, Jason J. Payne, Keshoer R. Bidasee

Department of Biochemistry: Faculty Publications

The incidence of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in people living with HIV infection (PLWH), especially those with inadequate viral suppression, is high and the reasons for this remain incompletely characterized. The timely opening and closing of type 2 ryanodine receptor (RyR2) is critical for ensuring rhythmic cardiac contraction–relaxation cycles, and the disruption of these processes can elicit Ca²⁺ waves, ventricular arrhythmias, and SCD. Herein, we show that the HIV protein Tat (HIVTat: 0–52 ng/mL) and therapeutic levels of the antiretroviral drugs atazanavir (ATV: 0–25,344 ng/mL), efavirenz (EFV: 0–11,376 ng/mL), and ritonavir (RTV: 0–25,956 ng/mL) bind to and modulate the …

A Review On Nanomaterials And Nanohybrids Based Bio-Nanocomposites For Food Packaging, Kalpani Y. Perera, Amit K. Jaiswal, Swarna Jaiswal

Articles

With an increasing demand for a novel, eco-friendly, high-performance packaging material “bio-nanocomposites” has attracted great attention in recent years. The review article aims at to evaluating recent innovation in bio-nanocomposites for food packaging applications. The current trends and research over the last three years of the various bio-nanocomposites including inorganic, organic nanomaterials, and nanohybrids, which are suitable as food packaging materials due to their advanced properties such as high mechanical, thermal, barrier, antimicrobial, and antioxidant are described in detail. In addition, the legislation, migration studies, and SWOT analysis on bio-nanocomposite film have been discussed. It has been observed that the …

Therapies For Mitochondrial Disorders, Kayli Sousa Smyth, Anne Mulvihill

SURE Journal: Science Undergraduate Research Experience Journal

Mitochondria are cytoplasmic, double-membrane organelles that synthesise adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Mitochondria contain their own genome, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), which is maternally inherited from the oocyte. Mitochondrial proteins are encoded by either nuclear DNA (nDNA) or mtDNA, and both code for proteins forming the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complexes of the respiratory chain. These complexes form a chain that allows the passage of electrons down the electron transport chain (ETC) through a proton motive force, creating ATP from adenosine diphosphate (ADP). This study aims to explore current and prospective therapies for mitochondrial disorders (MTDS). MTDS are clinical syndromes coupled with abnormalities …

Sequencing An Inserted Concatemer In Caenorhabditis Elegans Strain Hlh-29::Gfp, Simon T. Anderson

Senior Honors Projects, 2020-current

Hairy/Enhancer of Split (HES) proteins and their homologs play vital roles in the development of animals, and in the regulation of cancer and other diseases. HLH-29 is an REF-1 family protein and a Caenorhabditis elegans homolog of human HES proteins. A transgenic animal model has been developed to facilitate analyses of this protein, containing an inserted concatemer of the green fluorescent protein reporter gene, regulated by the hlh-29 promoter, and a mutant rol-6 allele. Though the strain has been used previously, the location and structure of the insertion has been unknown. Sequencing of the whole hlh-29::gfp genome with high-molecular weight …

Extracellular Vesicle-Associated Biomolecules As Potential Biomarkers For Alzheimer's Disease Diagnosis, Lina Bedoya Martinez

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

Alzheimer's disease (AD) involves progressive neurodegeneration leading to the loss of normal neuronal function. Extracellular accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aß), through the abnormal cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) by ß- and γ-secretases, is one of the hallmarks of AD. Current research focuses on finding potential candidates for biomarkers and techniques with improved sensitivity for early disease detection. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) found in body fluids are a source of biomarkers for AD diagnosis. EVs transport pathologically significant biomolecules, like nucleic acids and proteins, across the blood-brain barrier, mediating local and distant cell-to-cell communication. Therefore, this study evaluated EV-associated DNA and …

Nanoparticle Conjugated Photosensitizer For Targeted Photodynamic Inactivation Of Cancer Cells, Symone D. Crowder

Honors College Theses

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is considered to be a potential replacement for traditional methods of chemotherapy. It includes the administration of photosensitizing agents (PS), which generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon excitation at a specific wavelength. With new outlooks and techniques, cancer research is advancing each day. It has allowed the progress of several theranostic drug delivery systems (DDS) exploring the area of nanomedicine.2 In the present work, a Rhodamine derivative, Rhodamine 6G (R6G) was used as the PS. In general, rhodamine compounds undergo cytotoxic reactions on photoexcitation by electron transfer reactions with folic acid within cells, making them a favorable …

Insights Into The Biotechnology Potential Of Methanosarcina, Sean Carr, Nicole R. Buan

Department of Biochemistry: Faculty Publications

Methanogens are anaerobic archaea which conserve energy by producing methane. Found in nearly every anaerobic environment on earth, methanogens serve important roles in ecology as key organisms of the global carbon cycle, and in industry as a source of renewable biofuels. Environmentally, methanogenic archaea play an essential role in the reintroducing unavailable carbon to the carbon cycle by anaerobically converting low-energy, terminal metabolic degradation products such as one and two-carbon molecules into methane which then returns to the aerobic portion of the carbon cycle. In industry, methanogens are commonly used as an inexpensive source of renewable biofuels as well as …

Studi Pendahuluan Regenerasi Eksplan Teh Sebagai Upaya Percepatan Penyediaan Bibit Unggul Secara In Vitro, Intan Ratna Dewi Anjarsari, Erni Suminar, Murgayanti

Jurnal Kultivasi

Pembiakan generatif tanaman teh yang dilakukan dengan biji, sementara secara vegetatif dengan setek tunas yang mempunyai kelemahan, antara lain jumlah bibit yang dihasilkan terbatas, perlu waktu lama untuk menyeleksi pohon induk, dan bibit yang dihasilkan kurang optimal dalam penyerapan air dan unsur hara karena perakarannya dangkal sehingga kurang toleran terhadap kekeringan. Kultur jaringan menjadi salah satu alternatif dalam perbanyakan teh memperoleh klon teh unggul, seperti klon Seri Gambung 1-11, dalam jumlah banyak dan sifatnya yang seragam. Penelitian pendahuluan ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan Departemen Budidaya Pertanian Fakultas Pertanian UNPAD, mulai bulan Juni hingga Desember 2021. Penelitian terdiri dari dua …

Detecting Bacterial Species From Ancient Human Skeletal Samples, Ariel Owens, Daisy Mcgrath, Tsai-Tien Tseng

Symposium of Student Scholars

Diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) via morphological analysis is difficult and often inconsistent. With next-generation sequencing (NGS), ancient host microbiomes can be subjected to metagenomic analyses for the detection of TB in silico. Suitable bioinformatic workflows are needed for reliable ancient DNA (aDNA) analysis of causative agents. This study aims to enhance available bioinformatic screening methods to create more suitable bioinformatic processes and generate insights in relation to TB.

This research utilizes publicly available NGS data accessed through the Sequence Read Archive (SRA) of the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Initial quality control steps included adapter trimming with Trim …

Clove Essential Oil And Nanoclays-Based Active Food Packaging, Kalpani Y. Perera, Shubham Sharma, Amit K. Jaiswal, Swarna Jaiswal

Articles

Active food packaging materials enhance the shelf-life of food products while reducing food waste. The current study aims to develop a biodegradable active food packaging material. The food packaging material was developed with the incorporation of clove essential oil, sodium alginate, gelatin, and nanoclay films were prepared. The influences of nanoclay and clove on the surface, optical, mechanical, chemical, barrier, and pH-indicating properties were studied. The lightness and yellowness increased by 1.06 folds and 3.34 folds when compared to clove (control), respectively. The UV barrier property 0.08±0.01nm in all films, while 8.37 folds reduction in transparency has been observed as …

Micropropagation Of Grammatophyllum Multiflorum Var. 'Tigrinum' Lindley And Evaluation Of Its Antimicrobial Activities, Eufrocinio Marfori

The Philippine Agricultural Scientist

Grammatophyllum multiflorum var. ‘tigrinum’ Lindley is an endangered orchid species endemic to the Philippines. To ensure its sustainable utilization as a source of phytochemicals, the types and concentrations of cytokinin, and auxin for shoot and root induction using nodal explants from in vitro germinated seedlings for its mass propagation were established. Seeds were germinated in vitro using MS medium without growth regulator. The nodal explants from the in vitro germinated seedlings were placed in MS medium containing different cytokinins and auxins to optimize multiple shoots and root formation, respectively. Thidiazuron (TDZ) at 2.5 μM was found to be the best …

A Systematic Literature Review On The Capability Of Sio₂-Np’S Exposure To Exacerbate Parkinson’S (Pd) Pathology And The Risk Factors For Biomedical Applications In Pd, Seth Abdallah

Capstone Experience: Master of Public Health

Silica Dioxide nanoparticles (SiO₂-NP) have become increasingly ubiquitous in industry, which has stimulated research into the potential toxicity of these compounds. Recent studies have explored the association between amorphous silica nanoparticle exposure and the potential for neurotoxicity. Additionally, research has been conducted in the application of SiO₂-NP’s in theranostics and as drug directing agents , which based on current literature may be contraindicated for individuals with conditions such as Parkinson's Disease (PD) which is characterized by neuroinflammation. The following literature review will discuss evidence for silica dioxide nanoparticle exposure to induce neurotoxicity which may exacerbate neurodegenerative diseases such as PD. …