Biotechnology Commons^™

Differential Effects Of Thiamine, Bap, And Thidiazuron Combinations On Shoot Multiplication And Phenolic-Flavonoid Accumulation In Pineapple In Vitro Cultures, Dinda Septia Rachman, Erni Suminar, Anne Nuraini, Fiky Yulianto Wicaksono, Suseno Amien, Syariful Mubarok, Hermanto

Jurnal Kultivasi

The demand for high-quality pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) planting materials continues to increase, while conventional propagation methods are limited in multiplication rate, uniformity, and production efficiency. In vitro culture offers an alternative approach for rapid and large-scale seedling production. However, information on the effects of thiamine and cytokinin combinations on both shoot multiplication and phenolic-flavonoid accumulation in pineapple in vitro remains limited. This study evaluated ten defined combinations of thiamine and cytokinin for shoot multiplication and total phenolic-flavonoid contents of pineapple explants. The experiment employed a completely randomized design with 10 treatment combinations of thiamine (0.1 and 0.4 mg/L), …

Towards Improved Stress Resilience, Optimal Growth And Enhanced Biosafety In Transgenic Plants, Xiaotong Chen

All Dissertations

This dissertation investigates biotechnology strategies to improve plant stress resilience, growth, and biosafety in transgenic perennial grasses using creeping bentgrass as a model system. Functional analyses of non-coding RNAs such as miR164 and miR169 showed that regulatory non-coding RNAs influence plant architecture and abiotic stress responses through broad developmental and transcriptional networks, supporting them as valuable engineering targets for complex trait improvement. The dissertation also developed a dual recombinase platform for transgene containment and removal, linking trait engineering with biosafety control. Additionally, the recombinases themselves were examined for their potential impact on heterologous host and were found to reshape plant …

Producing Oral Medicines In Lettuce To Fight Chronic Diseases, Carlos E. Balmaceda, Megha Goyal, Anubhav Pal

Create@State

Chronic diseases, such as inflammatory bowel diseases, require patients’ commitment to their treatment, which can be challenging over time. Edible plants could help address this challenge by acting as living factories that produce a range of drugs, including medicinal proteins. Patients could eat the plants because their cells have a sturdy outer layer that protects and helps deliver the medicine. Lettuce is an example of a common vegetable that can serve this purpose. The main goal of this project is to develop a medicinal protein production and oral delivery system using lettuce plants. We will build a small version of …

Transgenic Plant Cells For The Cost-Effective Production Of Pharmaceutical Proteins, Maria Gambaro

Create@State

Plant-based systems are becoming an important method for producing pharmaceutical proteins because they can be more cost-effective, and safer compared to traditional production methods which commonly use mammalian cells. This project aims to develop a transgenic plant cell system that can produce a pharmaceutical protein using molecular cloning techniques. A transgenic plant cell has the DNA of another plant integrated into its genome, altering its gene expression to produce different proteins. To begin, a plasmid carrying the gene of interest and the DNA components needed for expression will be designed. The plasmid will then be used to introduce the gene …

Impact Of One Nucleotide On Organ Enumeration And Phyllotaxy In Arabidopsis Thaliana, Hazel R. Frans, Tara Phelps-Durr

SACAD: Scholarly Activities

Arabidopsis thaliana is a model organism used by scientists to study plant genetics, development, and physiology. CRISPR-Cas9 is a biotechnology tool adapted from a bacterial defense mechanism to precisely edit DNA using a guide mRNA and a Cas9 protein. This project aims to create CRISPR-CAS9 mutations in the APETALA3 (AP3) gene of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. AP3 is a class B gene critical to the petal and stamen development of Arabidopsis flowers. The AP3 protein contains a MADS domain, which binds directly to DNA and may be responsible for the expression of the CaRG-box genes. AP3 works in conjunction …

Isolation And Enumeration Of Salmonella Enterica From Fresh Lettuce (Lactuca Sativa L.) Leaves And Its Susceptibility To Different Washing Protocols, Meinard Talplacido, Angella Melissa Carlos, Bryan Rey Oliveros, Ida Dalmacio

The Philippine Agricultural Scientist

Lettuce is one of the most consumed fresh produce items in the country, but it also serves as a vehicle for human pathogens, posing a risk of foodborne illness. This study used conventional microbiological and molecular analyses to obtain the concentration and prevalence of Salmonella enterica in fresh Green Ice and Iceberg lettuce leaves from selected supermarkets in Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines. The efficacy of different household washing procedures in reducing S. enterica on lettuce leaves was also investigated. Of the 19 composite Green Ice lettuce and 21 composite Iceberg lettuce samples tested, 5.26% and 4.76%, respectively, were contaminated with …

Investigate The Use Of Nucleic Acids As Pesticides To Manage Major Pests And Pathogens Of Crops In South Carolina, Prasanna Valavanur Shekar

All Dissertations

The sugarcane aphid (SCA, Melanaphis sorghi), first discovered on grain sorghum in late 2013, has gradually become a major insect pest of sorghum. It inflicts significant damage to the crop year after year, causing millions of dollars in losses throughout the sorghum-producing regions of the United States. Similarly, Armillaria root rot—also referred to as oak root rot—is a major cause of decline in peach (Prunus persica) production in the southeastern United States. This disease is caused by Armillaria mellea and Armillaria tabescens. Current management practices for controlling M. sorghi include the use of synthetic pesticides, resistant varieties, and regular scouting. …

Effect Of Meta-Topolin And Kinetin At Various Concentrations On Shoot Multiplication In White Turmeric (Curcuma Zedoaria Rosc.), Murgayanti, Annisa Nanda Nur Azizah, Anne Nuraini, Erni Suminar, Syariful Mubarok

Jurnal Kultivasi

White turmeric is a medicinal plant widely used to treat various diseases. The limited availability of white turmeric seedlings is influenced by the scarcity of quality seeds due to the long dormancy of the rhizomes and the high incidence of pathogen attacks. Tissue culture techniques are one alternative to address the problem of white turmeric seedling availability. This study aims to determine the best concentrations of meta-topolin and kinetin for in vitro shoot multiplication of white turmeric. The research was conducted from January to June 2022 at the tissue culture laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran. This study used a …

Crispr-Induced Mutagenesis Of Arabidopsis Thaliana Gene Apetala3, Hazel Frans, Tara Phelps-Durr

SACAD: Scholarly Activities

This project aims to create CRISPR-CAS9 mutations in the APETELA3 (AP3) gene of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. AP3 is a class B gene critical to the petal and stamen development of Arabidopsis flowers. AP3 is defined in a MADS domain, which binds directly to DNA and may be responsible for the expression of the CaRG-box genes. AP3 works in conjunction with PISTILLATA (PI), AGAMOUS (AG), APETALA1 (AP1), and SEPALLATA (SEP) genes to specify the development in the second and third whorls of the flower. While several alleles of AP3 already exist, these alleles are strong alleles that knockout gene …

Influence Of Nitrogen And Phosphorus Rates On The Growth Of Water Hyacinth (Pontederia Crassipes Mart.), Mary Joy M. Abit, Rene Franchesca A. Pilar, Analiza Henedina M. Ramirez

The Philippine Agricultural Scientist

Research has been conducted globally to investigate the growth and colonization patterns of Pontederia crassipes Mart. This research aimed to examine the impact of varying rates of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) on the growth of P. crassipes and determine the nutrient levels that would result in the greatest growth response. P. crassipes plants were placed in plastic containers filled with 5 L of distilled water. Nitrogen and phosphorus were applied separately at varying concentrations. Specifically, N was added at 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, or 50 mg L^-1 and P at 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, or 9 …

Enhancing Crop Resilience: Physiological And Omics Approaches For Drought And Heat Stress Tolerance In Soybean And Peanut, Jyoti Prasad Kakati

All Dissertations

Soybean and peanut are two major crops globally grown for oil and protein. Climate change-associated factors like drought and increased temperature (heat stress) challenge the global production of soybeans and peanuts. Though the United States is the second-largest producer of soybean and the fourth-largest producer of peanuts, it still faces production constraints associated with drought and heat stresses. In the present study, we have examined the responses of soybean and peanut plants to drought and heat stresses during germination and reproductive phases. We conducted field and controlled environmental studies to elucidate the impact of drought stress on germination and seedling …

In Vitro Multiplication Of Strawberry In Various Types And Concentrations Of Cytokinins And Auxins, Erni Suminar, Vira Rahmawati, Sumadi, Anne Nuraini

Jurnal Kultivasi

Growth regulator is one of the important factors in the success of plant propagation by tissue culture. 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) is one of the most widely used cytokinin because it is more stable, less expensive and more effective. Thidiazuron (TDZ) can increase the action of other cytokinins, either exogenous cytokinin or endogenous cytokinin. 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) belongs to the more stable auxin group, because it is not easily decomposed and oxidized by enzymes released by plants. This study aimed to obtain the best types and concentrations of BAP, TDZ, and NAA for the in vitro multiplication of strawberry explant. The experiment …

Hira Gene Mutation In Arabidopsis Via Crispr, Kelly Chen, Claire Shippy, Tara Phelps-Durr

SACAD: Scholarly Activities

The purpose of this study is to mutate the Histone Repressor A (HIRA) gene in a mustard plant (Arabidopsis) using CRISPR technology. HIRA is a chromatin-remodeling protein that is required for proper development in both plants and animals. Creating new changes (mutations) in HIRA will help us better understand the mechanism of how HIRA regulates transcription, which is important for understanding developmental disorders in animals, as well as how improper development leads to a reduction in crop yields in plants

Practical Challenges In Delivering Dsrna For Woody Plant Protection, Zachary Bragg

Theses and Dissertations--Entomology

Unprecedented weather events associated with climate change, coupled with extensive anthropogenic stresses, have reduced the effectiveness of traditional forest pest management approaches, which can no longer keep pace with invasive species overwhelming naïve landscapes and native pests experiencing eruptive and expansive outbreaks. Double-stranded RNA-(dsRNA) mediated gene silencing, a type of RNA interference (RNAi), has been coopted for use as a biopesticide against a multitude of agricultural and horticultural pests and could serve as a powerful tool for woody plant protection. While effective initiation of gene silencing and subsequent mortality have been demonstrated in multiple tree pests, effective and efficient methods …

Building Better Biofuel Crops: A Field Evaluation Of Transgenic Populus Modified To Improve Feedstock Performance For Bioenergy Use, Molli Elisabeth Coombs

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

A transition away from fossil fuel use is necessary for the future of energy production, and biofuels are a renewable energy option that can mitigate the impacts of fossil fuels through lowered carbon emissions and possible carbon sequestration. In order to successfully compete with fossil fuels, the production of biofuels must be sustainable and cost effective. Populus species are a biofuel crop used for bioenergy conversion from lignocellulosic biomass that have been proposed for use in feedstock plantations on marginal lands, which would avoid competition with agricultural production. Two challenges of feedstock production being faced are recalcitrance to chemical processing, …

Reducing Food Scarcity: The Benefits Of Urban Farming, S.A. Claudell, Emilio Mejia

Journal of Nonprofit Innovation

Urban farming can enhance the lives of communities and help reduce food scarcity. This paper presents a conceptual prototype of an efficient urban farming community that can be scaled for a single apartment building or an entire community across all global geoeconomics regions, including densely populated cities and rural, developing towns and communities. When deployed in coordination with smart crop choices, local farm support, and efficient transportation then the result isn’t just sustainability, but also increasing fresh produce accessibility, optimizing nutritional value, eliminating the use of ‘forever chemicals’, reducing transportation costs, and fostering global environmental benefits.

Imagine Doris, who is …

Compositional Properties Of Flours And Starches From The Philippine National Seed And Industry Council-Registered Root Crops, Edgardo E. Tulin, Chinelo M. Cardaño, Anabella B. Tulin, Ma. Theresa P. Loreto, Ea Kristine Clarisse B. Tulin, Ma. Villa N. Yu

The Philippine Agricultural Scientist

Based in the Visayas State University, Philippines, the germplasm collection of the Philippine Root Crops Research and Training Center (PhilRootcrops) is home to several varieties that have not been fully characterized for their potential use in the production of functional foods. This study evaluated the compositional properties, amylose/amylopectin ratio, and glycemic index of flour and starches of 10 varieties of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz), sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L. (Lam)), and taro (Colocasia esculenta L. Schott); 8 varieties of yam (Dioscorea alata L.); and 5 varieties of arrowroot (Maranta arundinacea L.), which was the recommended …

Growth Optimization Of White Turmeric (Curcuma Zedoaria) Plantlets With Growth Regulators Gibberellins, Murgayanti, Fenny Dewi Nuroktavianti, Anne Nuraini

Jurnal Kultivasi

The addition of cytokinin to the multiplication of white turmeric (Curcuma zedoaria) seedlings in vitro proved effective in shoot multiplication, but the addition of high cytokinin concentrations could cause stunted shoots and stunted growth. The addition of the hormone gibberellins (GA3) is often used in tissue culture for shoot elongation, so increasing the viability of plantlets. The experiment aims to determine the effect of GA3 and obtain the best concentrations of GA3 consisting of 0.50, 1, and 1.5 ppm GA3 on optimizing the growth of zedoary plantlets. The experimental parameters included the number of shoots, roots, leaves, plantlet height, and …

Sequencing Antisense Transcriptome Of Populus Through Antisense/Sense Transcript Pair Enrichment, Emma V. Burke

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

Past transcriptome research on plants focused primarily on protein coding genes, and only recently researchers began looking into the non-protein coding regions that may play significant roles in gene regulation. Antisense RNA transcripts that are found naturally in the cell share complementary sequence with sense transcripts and have been shown to regulate expression of their sense counterparts. Since antisense RNA has been largely under-studied and difficult to sequence because of their low relative abundance, new methods are needed to target antisense RNA for efficient genome-wide profiling. To address this gap in methods to efficiently and cost effectively enrich antisense RNA …

Analysis Effect Of Shade Level On The Physiological And Anatomical Characteristics Of Hybrid Phalaenopsis Orchid At The Acclimatization Stage, Ade Arisma Fauziah, Nintya Setiari, Endang Saptiningsih

Jurnal Kultivasi

Production of hybrid Phalaenopsis seedlings is generally applied by in vitro culture techniques. The final stage of in vitro culture is acclimatization. The acclimatization stage is crucial because the plantlets must adapt to the ex-vitro environment. Shade supports plantlet growth during the early stages of acclimatization. This study aims to determine the effect of shade level on the physiological and anatomical characteristics of the Phalaenopsis hybrid orchid at the acclimatization stage. The research used Phalaenopsis plantlet hybrid and shading level. Plantlets were shaded at 40%, 55%, and 70%. Parameters measured included: photosynthetic pigment content, number and area of leaves, number …

Effect Of Paclobutrazol On Growth And Root Morphology Of 12 Crossed Stevia In Vitro, Suseno Amien, Qurrota Aini, Noladhi Wicaksana

Jurnal Kultivasi

Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) is a low-calorie alternative sweetener. The superior varieties of Stevia in Indonesia are limited. Availability of seeds plays an important role in the Stevia plant breeding program for both the selection stage and the production of high-yielding varieties. Tissue culture is the best method of Stevia propagation, but the low adaptability of plantlets causes death in the acclimatization phase. The growth and root morphology of 12 crossbreed Stevia were evaluated. A Completely Randomized Design was used with factorial consisting of two factors were Stevia genotypes (STG1,7,8,10, SBG3,4,5,7,10, SGB2,3, and SBT11) and the plant growth regulator (PGR) …

Increasing The Resilience Of Plant Immunity To A Warming Climate, Jong Hum Kim, Christian Castroverde, Shuai Huang, Chao Li, Richard Hilleary, Adam Seroka, Reza Sohrabi, Diana Medina-Yerena, Bethany Huot, Jie Wang, Sharon Marr, Mary Wildermuth, Tao Chen, John Macmicking, Sheng Yang He

Biology Faculty Publications

Extreme weather conditions associated with climate change affect many aspects of plant and animal life, including the response to infectious diseases. Production of salicylic acid (SA), a central plant defence hormone, is particularly vulnerable to suppression by short periods of hot weather above the normal plant growth temperature range via an unknown mechanism. Here we show that suppression of SA production in Arabidopsis thaliana at 28 °C is independent of PHYTOCHROME B (phyB) and EARLY FLOWERING 3 (ELF3), which regulate thermo-responsive plant growth and development. Instead, we found that formation of GUANYLATE BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE 3 (GBPL3) defence-activated biomolecular condensates (GDACs) …

Regulatory Mechanisms In Arabidopsis Embryogenesis, Sanjay Joshi

Theses and Dissertations--Plant and Soil Sciences

Plants have amazing regeneration properties with single somatic cells, or groups of cells able to give rise to fully formed plants. One means of regeneration is Somatic Embryogenesis (SE), by which an embryonic structure is formed that “converts” into a plantlet. Somatic embryogenesis has been used as a model for zygotic processes that are buried within layers of maternal tissues. Understanding mechanisms of somatic embryo induction and development are important as a more accessible model for seed development. We rely on seed development not only for most of our caloric intake, but also as a delivery system for engineered crops …

Multiplikasi Tunas Tanaman Temu Putih Pada Berbagai Jenis Karbohidrat Dan Sitokinin Secara In Vitro, Murgayanti, Adelia Anissa Putri, Anne Nuraini

Jurnal Kultivasi

Permasalahan utama dari perbanyakan tanaman temu putih (Curcuma zedoaria) secara konvensional adalah penggunaan bahan tanam berupa rimpang yang memiliki masa dormansi 2-3 bulan. Perbanyakan in vitro menjadi alternatif untuk membuat perbanyakan temu putih secara cepat dan dalam jumlah banyak, namun masih belum banyak penelitian rekayasa media in vitro berupa penambahan karbohidrat dan sitokinin dalam media. Percobaan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui respon pertumbuhan dan multiplikasi eksplan C. zedoria terhadap 3 jenis karbohidrat, yaitu sukrosa, glukosa dan amilum dengan konsentrasi 2% dan 4% yang dikombinasikan dengan 2 jenis sitokinin, yaitu Benzyl Amino Purine (BAP) 2 ppm dan Thidiazuron (TDZ) 1,5 ppm. Percobaan …

Marker-Assisted Selection To Determine The Introgression Of Rpv-3 Mediated Downy Mildew Resistance In 'Chambourcin' X 'Caberenet Sauvignon' Grapevine Population, Kavya Sri Tummala

Graduate Theses/Dissertations

Downy mildew caused by the fungus, Plasmopara viticola in the grapes is one of the major diseases affecting crop yield throughout the world. Breeding grapes via conventional methods for the downy mildew resistance will take approximately 25-30 years to fully evaluate and release new cultivars. Because of the long breeding cycle in woody plant species like grape, developing DNA markers linked to genes or quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for horticultural traits can greatly accelerate the breeding process and allow a much more accurate selection of progeny. This study aims to determine the presence of resistance in the 267 F1 genotypes …

Temperature Regulation Of Plant Hormone Signaling During Stress And Development, Christian Castroverde, Damaris Dina

Biology Faculty Publications

Global climate change has broad-ranging impacts on the natural environment and human civilization. Increasing average temperatures along with more frequent heat waves collectively have negative effects on cultivated crops in agricultural sectors and wild species in natural ecosystems. These aberrantly hot temperatures, together with cold stress, represent major abiotic stresses to plants. Molecular and physiological responses to high and low temperatures are intricately linked to the regulation of important plant hormones. In this review, we shall highlight our current understanding of how changing temperatures regulate plant hormone pathways during immunity, stress responses and development. This article will present an overview …

Analysis Of Symptom Expressions And Transmission Rates Caused By The Plant Pathogen Phytophthora Ramorum On Native Chaparral Plants From The Genus Arctostaphylos, Bharati Gaonker

Natural Sciences and Mathematics | Biological Sciences Master's Theses

Phytophthora ramorum is the causal agent of Sudden Oak death (SOD), ramorum dieback and ramorum leaf blight which affect both forest environments and nurseries. This oomycete pathogen has had a huge economic impact on the nursery and lumber industry. Forests in California have experienced substantial mortality of oaks affecting the forest dynamics and diversity. Our research investigates four native species and two ornamental cultivars of plants, which belong to the genus Arctostaphylos (manzanita) and are considered to be new hosts for P. ramorum in the chaparral ecosystem of California. Symptom expression and transmission rates were analyzed on Arctostaphylos glauca, …

Agrobacterium Mediated Transformation Optimizations For Sugarcane (Saccharum Officinarum L.) Cultivar Spf-234 With Direct Organogenesis, Muhammad Nawaz, Naeem Iqbal, Rabia Hameed, Mehwish Mehwish, Shakra Jamil

Journal of Bioresource Management

Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) is the most important food and energy crop worldwide. In the present study, an efficient Agrobacterium mediated transformation and regeneration system for sugarcane cultivar SPF-234 was established. Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains EHA101and LBA4404 using vector pIG121 Hm, having GUS, HPTII and NPTII genes were used. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and histochemical assays confirmed the GUS gene expression. A 620 bp fragment from GUS positive plants was amplified. The GUS expressing putative transformants were 35% of the total plants formed under 30 minute immersion time and 72 hr of incubation period. The co-cultivation media having 60 …

Pengaruh Air Kelapa Sebagai Sitokinin Organik Dan Sukrosa Terhadap Pertumbuhan Protocorm Anggrek (Phalaenopsis Hybrid Mp 253 X F1 3363 (M)) In Vitro, Muhammad Isyraq, Lia Amalia, Iis Aisyah

Jurnal Kultivasi

Sitokinin dan sukrosa dibutuhkan untuk meregenerasi protocorm anggrek. Air kelapa diketahui memiliki kandungan sitokinin sehingga berpotensi dijadikan sebagai sitokinin organik. Percobaan ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh konsentrasi air kelapa sebagai sitokinin organik dan sukrosa terhadap pertumbuhan protocorm anggrek. Percobaan ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Bioteknologi Tanaman, Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Winaya Mukti, Kecamatan Tanjungsari Kabupaten Sumedang. Percobaan dimulai pada bulan Mei sampai dengan bulan Agustus 2019. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak kelompok dengan dua faktor dan diulang dua kali. Faktor pertama adalah konsentrasi air kelapa, terdiri dari lima taraf yaitu 0 mL L-1, 50 mL L-1, 100 mL L-1, air …

Pertumbuhan Tunas Kunyit Tinggi Kurkumin Pada Berbagai Jenis Sitokinin Dan Auksin Secara In Vitro, Erni Suminar, Denny Sobardini Sobarna, Syariful Mubarok, Sulistyaningsih, Ade Setiawan

Jurnal Kultivasi

Kunyit merupakan salah satu tanaman yang banyak dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat sebagai bahan baku obat tradisional, bumbu dapur, serta zat pewarna alami, sehingga kebutuhannya mengalami peningkatan setiap tahunnya. Penyediaan bibit yang memiliki produktivitas tinggi dalam jumlah banyak dapat dilakukan dengan metode kultur in vitro, namun perlu optimasi media yang sesuai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari komposisi zat pengatur tumbuh yang dapat memberikan pertumbuhan planlet yang lebih vigor. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan yaitu Rancangan Acak Lengkap. Perlakuan terdiri dari penggunaan sitokinin dan auksin pada eksplan kunyit yang diulang tiga kali. Media Murashige and Skoog (MS) digunakan sebagai media dasar dengan perlakuan kombinasi …